SO444

Drugs that resemble androgenic hormones such as testosterone

Anabolic steroids

______ introduced the term white collar crime.

Edwin Sutherland

Manners in which individuals adjust to strain caused by anomic conditions

Modes of Adaption

Cultural and sub-cultural theories on crime and deviance suggest that common goals and traits that unite members into a subculture are ________.

Reference Points

According to the author of the textbook, the belief that abortion is murder and is never acceptable under any condition is an example of _____ deviance.

Absolutist

An attempt to purposely inflict serious bodily harm to injury to another.

Aggravated assault

According to Freud, one of the two basic instincts that control humans are ________.

Aggressive tendencies

The pattern of drinking that results in harm to one's health, interpersonal relationships, or ability to work.

Alcohol abuse

______ is the diagnosis given when problem drinking causes distress or harm to the drinker.

Alcohol use disoder

Studies suggest that _____ is influenced by genetic, psychological, social, and environmental factors.

Alcoholism

____ includes all of the symptoms of ___ but also involves one additional and important element, Physical depend on alcohol.

Alcoholism; alcohol abuse

Are all acts of deviance crimes? Why or why not? In your opinion, which definition of deviance best aligns with acts that are both deviant and criminal. Use specific examples to support your argument.

All acts of deviance are not always crimes. This is because at times acts of deviance can be considered harsh words said to one another or a simple push or shove that does not cause bodily harm. I believe that the absolutist deviance is best to describe that both acts can be deviant and criminal. This is because at times humans cannot help the actions that they have. By using the absolutist approach it helps better understand that at times human's actions come from their inherent and not their own mind or body. It also helps understand that different cultures will have a different perspective on which actions are deviance and which are criminal.

Emile Durkheim proposed the concept of _______, a situation in which the social norms are broken down, which tends to happen in periods of rapid social change and/or class.

Anomie

_____ explains how some people become frustrated when their attempts to reach culturally desired goals are blocked.

Anomie Theory

Violent offenses include all the following except ______.

Arson

All the following are examples of political crime except _______.

Bank Robbery

All of the following are types of property crimes except ______.

Battery

All the following are steps in drunk shaming except _______.

Being arrested for a public nuisance offense.

A term that encompasses the largest global corporations in the pharmaceutical industry

Big Phama

Seeks to examine people's reactions to violations of commonly accepted social rules, or norms in order to shed light on the methods by which people construct social reality.

Breaching experiment

Involves the offering of money or gifts to a person in power in the discharge of his or her legal duties to do something on behalf of the briber.

Bribery

The most common example of public corruption is _____.

Bribery

In your own words, describe how the link between micro and macro-level sociology and personal troubles and public issues help us better understand social deviance.

By looking at social deviance at a macro level will help understand the deviance at a larger scale. With looking at social deviance at a larger scale it is better to look at the public issues that are happening within the area of the deviance. Public issues that may lead to social deviance can be homelessness and employment. By examining these public issues at a macro level would not take into consideration the personal struggles but rather the efforts that the environment was making to decrease the amount of homelessness and employment. When sociologist are looking at describing social deviance at micro level, it is important to look at the issues that may be more personal than environmental. Personal issues that can cause social deviance can be the cycle of unemployment and personal addictions that may lead to a person not having the ability to obtain a job.

Who developed the notion that less developed individuals are most likely to be born criminals?

Cesare Lombroso

A concern of a small number of people that the increasing presence of drones will cause significant problems in future society and should be considered a social problem is an example of

Claims making

The process of trying to convince the public and important officials that a particular issue or situation should be defined as a social problem.

Claims making

According to the author of the textbook, Social Movements contain a variety of stages. Which of the following are the stages in a social movement?

Coalescence, formalization, emergence

A riot is which type of violence

Collective

Violence committed by larger groups of individuals and political states

Collective violence

_______ theorists contend that workers are always disadvantaged by those who control the means of production and thus the entire employment sector is deviant.

Conflict

Acts of immense physical, financial, and moral harm committed by wealthy and powerful corporations no longer being constrained by government in their relentless pursuits of profits.

Corporate deviance

The failure to act when called upon to do so either by law or by law enforcement representatives.

Crimes of omission

Varies by degree, ranging from willful conduct at one extreme to negligence at the other end.

Criminal intent

The textbook describes several different attitudes towards social problems. The attitude that victims have no one to lame but themselves best aligns with which attitude?

Cynicism

Being under the power or influence of an evil spirit to the point of losing control of their minds or actions refers to

Demonic Possessions

A state in which a person's body has adjusted to regular use of a drug.

Dependency

Drugs that sedate neurotransmitter levels: they depress or lower the vital activities of the central nervous system.

Depressants

While most people agree that cannibalism is a form of social deviance, the textbook author identifies three essential reasons for cannibalism, they include:

Desire, desperation, duty

Any behavior that is labeled by some members of society especially those in a position of authority or power or specific subcultural groups as an unacceptable violation of social norms and codes of morality that may elicit negative reactions from others.

Deviance

A theory that proposes that through interaction with others, individuals learn their norms, values, and attitudes.

Differential Association

The idea that youths from wealthy families have more legitimate opportunities to choose from than youths from poorer families is an example of which theory?

Differential Opportunity Structure

Which is not a reason why some corporations and white-collar personnel are more likely than others to engage in deviant activities?

Differential opportunities force while-collar criminals to rely on the informal economy

A psychological perspective that puts forth the notion that any given individual can possess multiple and distinct personalities

Dissociative Identify Disorder

Studies find that female alcoholism is unique compared to male alcoholism in a couple different ways, one of which is

Doctors tend not to diagnose women as alcoholics instead diagnosing the problem as anxiety or depression.

A quasi-degradation ceremony that occurs when people become too drunk to defend themselves from a private or public shaming.

Drunk shaming

_____ is the idea that people are not simply under the control of alcohol, but instead act as they have been taught to act.

Drunken comportment

______ theory suggest that there is a link between drug abuse and structural issues, such as homelessness and poverty.

Economic deprivation

All of the following are at the most risk of being involved in an alcohol related crash except ____.

Elderly people

__________'s term of the collective conscience represents one of the earliest sociological connections between issues of morality and deviance.

Emile Durkheim

People who have a sense of moral compass and the ability to distinguish between right and wrong are said to have ____.

Ethics

_________ are homicides that are accidental or misfortune where neither negligence or unlawful intent is involved.

Excusable

The conventional rules of everyday life that people follow almost automatically such as holding a door open for the person behind you.

Falkways

According to the World Health Organization, the universal definition of alcoholism is dependence upon alcohol that interferes with bodily and mental health, interpersonal relations, and social and economic functioning.

False

Adolescent males are the most likely to self-harm

False

Boys are more likely than girls to be victims of cyberbulling

False

Durkheim and other structural functionalists argue that the capitalist system is designed to make sure the poor have the same opportunities as the rich.

False

Homicides are always criminal.

False

In his discussion on love, weddings, and marriage, the textbook author argues that the idea that romantic love should come before the wedding is not a western ideal of marriage.

False

LSD is the most commonly used illicit drug in the world.

False

Members of a subculture generally disagree with most cultural aspects of the prevailing society

False

Nearly all school bullying cases are stopped by interventions of teachers or the school administration.

False

People are more concerned about being a victim of white collar crime than of a violent crime.

False

Research has been able to determine a definite link between body type and criminal behavior.

False

Retreatism is the most common of the five modes of adpatation

False

Sexual harassment occurs when a bully enlists co-workers to join in a relentless campaign of psychological terror against a target co-worker.

False

Spanking is always considered an extreme form of physical punishment.

False

Swatting typically has few consequences as it is a prank that teenagers play on one another when playing online video games.

False

The elite use their power and status to maintain their social advantage at the expense of the poor. The anomie-strain theory best explains this condition.

False

The not-guilty verdict in the trail of the officers that beat Rodney King resulted in the wide-spread religious riot.

False

White collar crimes are usually violent in nature.

False

Tiffany is a victim of human trafficking and is forced to work as a prostitute. She does not see any other way out of decides to commit suicide. Which category of suicide best describes Tiffany's choice?

Fatalistic Suicide

Some argue that the legalization of online gambling could be beneficial because it would

Generate tax revenue

What distinguished white-collar from other crimes is

How the act was executed

Which drug is becoming increasingly popular with athletes because is it harder detect vie drug testing?

Human Growth Hormone

Lewis Coser argued that violence has three specific purposes. Do you agree? Why or why not? In your own words, describe these three purposes, giving a specific example of each.

I do agree with Lewis Coser that violence is committed for three purposes. I believe this because when people produce violence within society they are attempting to achieve a goal of their own, get someones attention and then they are hoping by producing the first two reasons that something will be changed. I also agree with Coser because violence can lead to both positive and negative things to happen. The positive things can be changes that better society but on the other hand the negative that can come from society can hinder the nation for a long period of time. The first reasoning Coser believed is violence of achievement. This is occurs when a person produces violence for their own self achievement. By producing violence these people believe they are gaining a huge amount of achievement in their life. The second reasons is Violence is a danger single. This occurs when a person or group of people use violence to make a point to those higher up. This is used within riots and other types of stand offs. The third reasoning is violence. as a catalyst. This is used with a large number of people and it is making a piviting point of changing something within society.

Scholars argue that some cyber-crimes, such as cyber-bullying and cyber-stalking are more consequential than traditional forms of these crimes. Do you agree? Why or why not? Formulate an argument whether these types of cyber-crimes are either more or less consequential than traditional forms of these crimes, using specific examples or evidence to support your claims.

I do not believe that cyber crimes are more consequential than those of cyber crimes when they appear in person. I believe that for many different reasons. The first reason is because when cyber crimes occur it is because the person put him or herself in the situation by being on the internet where as if the crime happens in person it is just the misfortune of the time and place. The second reason I believe this is because when a cyber crime happens the human does not actually see the criminal his or her self but rather just the action and words through a screen. By having human contact with a person it is leaves a bigger impact than just happening over the internet

Buying or selling a security, in breach of fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence, while in possession of material, nonpublic information about the security.

Illegal insider trading

Include a variety of breathable substances, some legally prescribed and others that are common household or work products

Inhalants

Self-controls that develop during the socialization process.

Inner Containments

All the following are aspects of learning except _________.

Instinct

Professor Stuart has been working on a specialized research project that cold have widespread implications for the field of criminal justice. The computer where her files are stored was hacked and the research information stole. Professor Stuart is a victim of ____.

Intellectual property theft

__________ is centered on the idea that individuals who commit crime and deviance due to mental deficiency, hereditary degeneration or feeblemindedness is.

Intelligence based theory

When deciding to charge someone with a crime, prosecutors consider the act and degree of _____.

Intent

Violence between individuals and groups, groups and individuals, and group against group.

Interpersonal violence

____ believed that the control over the means of production created a two-class socioeconomic system with the right and powerful elites controlling the major aspects of societal decision making designed to keep the masses powerless.

Karl Marx

All of the following are a primary focus of corporate fraud investigators except _______.

Moral harm

A code of conduct that includes ideals of proper and ethical behavior used to guide human behavior and to develop or maintain good character

Morality

According to the author of the textbook, which of the following often plays a role in determining what behaviors are considered deviant or not?

Morality

In addition to blocking pain, ____ induce euphoria and create mood changes in the user.

Narcotics

Harmful social situations or issues acknowledged to exist within society

Objective Social Problems

_____ was described as American's first drug epidemic

Opium

Also known as syndicate crime, involves criminal activity committed by members of criminal enterprises tat exist to operate profitable illicit enterprises.

Organized crime

Law enforcement, the judicial system, and those in positions of authority are social control agents found in society that serve as

Outer containments

_______ is the study of faces, skulls, and other physical features in order to reveal an individual's disposition to commit crime and engage in deviant act.

Physiogomy

A ______ scheme is an investment opportunity that lures investors by promising very high rates of return.

Ponzi

The set of people with disproportionate amount of influence over public policy who are found atop the major power structure of American society- business, military, and politics.

Power elites

Studies suggest that ____ drugs are more likely to be abused than ____ drugs.

Prescription; recreational

Marijuana uses originally gained in popularity in part due to ____.

Prohibition

A chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters the perceptions, cognition, and/or moods of people who take it.

Psychoactive drug

Some drugs are used for _____ such as psychedelics, which have properties that can alter human consciousness, distort perception, and deepen their spiritual experiences.

Psychological purposes

The ______ of addressing drug use has led to widespread arrest and imprisonment, primarily of poor and minority drug uses.

Punitive strategy

Cyber-scam that involves trying to extort money from individuals and business owners by infecting and taking control of the victim's computer is called

Ransomware

______ is one of the most under-reported crimes.

Rape/sexual assault

Recent studies find that there are three critical parts of the human trafficking process, including

Recruitment, movement, and exploitation

According to the psychological-based social learning theory, social learning take places through

Reinforcement and Modeling

The Marxist/conflict outlook is that those in power can dictate to other what is right and wrong. Which type of deviance best describes this viewpoint?

Relativist

Organized crime groups possess the following characteristics except _____.

Respect of the law.

A type of serious white-collar crime in which a person or company misrepresents information that investors use to make decisions.

Securities fraud

Violence in which the perpetrator and the victim are the same individual

Self-directed violence

Tami is frustrated with her high stress and low wage job. As a result, she punches walls to relieve her anger at her situation. Tami is engaging in ________.

Self-injury

________ is a term used to describe social situations found in society that are viewed as undesirable and/or harmful

Social Problems

The perspective that our would is an social creations, origination and evolving through our everyday thoughts and actions.

Social construction of Reality

Which of the following is not one of the five common reasons why people use drugs?

Social deviance

There are many different types of theories (e.g., biological, psychological, sociological, etc.) that have been used to try to explain why people use and abuse alcohol and other drugs. Drawing from what you know about sociological theories, explain how both structural conditions and social forces contribute to drug use and abuse. In your answer also identify at least two limitations of sociological theories in their explanation of drug and alcohol use/abuse.

Social forces aid the use of drugs and alcohol in many ways. The first way that social forces influence the abuse of drugs and alcohol is the surroundings and human interactions that occur. Human's typically follow the footsteps of those around them such as peers and siblings. By having social forces that have already developed into abusing drugs and alcohol, it influences yourself to follow the social forces. Structural conditions that aid the abuse of drugs and alcohol are poverty and occupation. Those that have a low or no occupation tend to be abuse drug and alcohol more due to lack of self supportment and the inability to support one's self therefore the attempt to escape reality by abuse drugs. One limitation that these theories face is that fact of not examining many aspects of a person's life. Many of these theories focus on one aspect or reason behind why the person abuse drugs and alcohol. The second limitation is these theories never look into family history or other influences on why a person abuses drugs.

The term that best explains how or private lives are influenced by the social environment and existing social forces is

Sociological Imagination

Jessica, a bank employee, receives an email from what appears to be a legitimate account. Once she opens the email, she has given access to sensitive information to hackers. Jessica has become a victim of ____.

Spear phishing

According tot he author of the textbook, deviance that is considered rare, unusual, or uncommon is the ______ point of view.

Statistical

The ________ is said to represent societies rules and expectations.

Superego

the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and practical use of technical means to solve problems or invent useful tools is _____>

Technology

Describe the difference between a subjective social problem and an objective social problem giving a specific example of each. Also, describe the stages of a social movement and explain how a social movement could address both the subjective and objective social problems you identified in the first part of the question.

The chicago school theory or social disorganization theory is a macro level theory. This theory began in chicago when deviance and crime was high and something needed to be understood about what needs to be done. This theory explained the farther you went out from the main city the less crime happens and the closer you get to the city the move violence and crime happens. This shows that the more movement of humans in and out of neighborhoods the more crime may occur but in the outer city crime does not occur that often because humans know their surroundings. The limitations of this theory is that it does not always apply to all cities or towns. The strength that come from this is that it explains the need to know your surroundings. Another strength is being able to apply at least some part of the theory to every city or town. I do believe that the strengths outweigh the limitations. This is because just because the whole theory cannot be apply at least part of the theory can be used to simply explain part of the crime rates.

The repeated use of a drug over a period of time, which diminishes its effectiveness

Tolerance

Attempting to overthrow a government of the society to which one belongs is ______.

Treason

A sociopath is thought to be dangerous, aggressive, is not deterred by punishment, and does not learn from past mistakes.

True

According to the labeling theory, those in positions of power of society are the ones who control the labeling process.

True

Cesare Lombrose argued that women could not be born criminals because they possessed a maternal instinct.

True

Crime contains two aspects; an act and criminal intent

True

Early Chinese medical and pharmaceuticals used wine as an important drug and antiseptic and as a means of circulation medicine in the body.

True

Euthanasia and no not resuscitate orders are social issues in the debate over the legal right to kill oneself.

True

Federal agencies are at high risk of cyberattack.

True

Proponents of the right to die movement believe sch decisions are considered a human rights matter.

True

Prosecutor have discretion in deciding what crime to charge a person with.

True

Robert Merton argued that people become frustrated when their attempts to reach culturally desired goals are blocked

True

The effects that drugs have on the human body and brain help determine the categorization of drugs.

True

The idea that humans seek pleasure and try to avoid pain in their activities is known as hedonism

True

The internet has overtaken traditional forms of committing fraud due to its speed and anonymity.

True

Theoretical approaches utilized by researchers generally reflect contemporary social currents and knowledge available at the time.

True

There is a general perception that prescription drugs are less harmful than illegal drugs.

True

Traditional stalkers often live and work geographically close to their victims, while cyber-stalkers may harass their victims from nearby or from another country.

True

Virtual kidnapping is a type of extortion.

True

________ generally do not meet industrial, state, or federal regulatory standards and may cause undue or unexpected harm.

Unsafe products

The right to pursue success, equality, loyalty, and the idea that hard work should be rewarded is an example of ___.

Values

The attitude or belief that a poor couple should not have children they cannot afford to support is an example of

Violation of common morality

Studies suggest that ______ is a common by product of social disorganization

Violence

An offender is much more likely to be under the influence of alcohol when committing _____ crime.

Violent

Which best describes the group of individuals who are most likely to engage in cyber sex

White, male, and college-educated

What advantages do white-collar criminals have over street criminals? Do you think white-collar crimes are as serious as street crimes? Why or why not?

White-Collar crimes have many advantages over street criminals. The first advantage is that it is more difficult to catch these criminals. When a street crime occurs there tends to be a large amount of witnesses around and at times there are victims left behind. White collar crime there is little to no witnesses around when these crimes occur. Another advantage is those who commit white collar crimes tend to be at a higher class than those of street crimes. By being placed at a higher class, these citizens tend to get away with crime or have a lesser sentence than those who commit street crimes. The final advantage that white collar crimes have it is more difficult to establish these crimes. These crimes tend to happen within business or through the internet. It is very difficult for the police to track down and enforce a punishment for these crimes. I do believe that white collar crimes are just a serious as street crimes. I believe this because a crime is a crime no matter what the crime is. If someone fringes on another person's rights or disobeys the law in any type of way, i believe it is just as serious as any other crime that could have occurred.

_____ occurs when a bully enlists co-workers to join in a relentless campaign of psychological terror against a targeted co-worker.

Workplace mobbing.

The concept of the sociological imagination was created by

Wright Mills

Those who do become severly alcoholic have usually undergone progressive stages of drinking experiences; the seven stages of alcohol addiction include....

abstinence, initial use, high-risk use, problematic use, early stage of dependency, middle stage of dependency, and crisis stage of dependency.

The harmful or offensive touching of another

battery

The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft

burglary

A situation where individuals deliberately place themselves or others at grave risk in a manner that compels the use of deadly force by police officers.

suicide by cop