SOC ch. 17 Science, the Environment, & society, SOC. Ch.15 Authority and State & Ch.11Health and Society, Chapter 17, SOC 16, 11, 17, Sociology Chapter 11, General Sociology: Chapter 11, Chapter 11, SOCI 101 QUIZ 11, cH11, Sociology Chapter 11 Health
Lleras-Muney (20015) found that an extra year of schooling decreased a person's chances of dying by _____ percentage points in a ten-year period.
3.6
When it comes to health care, Western societies are: a. uninvolved. b. passive. c. reactive. d. proactive.
C
____________ groups gain power by trying to persuade elected officials to advocate for their agendas
Interest
In 1942, the research project that focused on developing atomic weapons for the United States was code-named the ____________ Project.
Manhattan
What public health risk do we face if more and more people fail to complete prescribed courses of antibiotics?
The development of antimicrobial-resistant antigens
Sociologists who study scientists in the laboratory do so typically because they:
are interested in how scientific facts are socially constructed.
Which of the following are benefits of being a tall man?
better health
The Whitehall Study found that men in lower ranks had all of the following risk factors EXCEPT:
cancer
The regulation of schooling for doctors:
contributes to their privileged position.
When compared to the 1990s, views regarding gay and lesbian marriage are becoming increasingly
divided between positive and negative
Risks that result from human activity are referred to as:
manufactured risks
If you are interested in comparing the rates of illness between males and females in your dorm, you need to know the different:
morbidity rates
One of the key traits of the medical profession is its focus on:
peers
Doctors are typically most concerned with the opinion of their
peers.
Doctors are typically most concerned with the opinion of their:
peers.
One of the key traits of the medical profession is its focus on:
peers.
The paradox of authority means that as soon as a state uses force to enforce its rules, legitimate authority is lost because:
people aren't listening.
Married people tend to live longer than unmarried people. It could be that they take better care of themselves when they have the responsibility of a family. It could also be that:
people who are healthier are more likely to get married.
Which of the following is NOT on the checklist that government inspectors use when certifying organic farms?
percentage of organic ingredients
Because of the green revolution, food production has kept pace with:
population growth.
Inequality creates ______, which affects our height through stress reactions.
psychological stress
Inequality creates ____________, which affects our height through stress reactions.
psychological stress
The explanation for the relationship between socioeconomic status and health that focuses on an individual's social class, and the relative stressors inherent in a lower-class lifestyle, is called:
psychosocial
The explanation for the relationship between socioeconomic status and health that focuses on an individual's social class, and the relative stressors inherent in a lower-class lifestyle, is called:
psychosocial.
Although doctors are very intimate and personal with their patients, it is also important for them to:
remain objective.
What is one of the two types of cloning?
reproductive
Cells cloned through ____________ are not allowed to develop into a mature person, animal, or other organism.
research cloning
Journalist Barbara Ehrenreich traveled around the country to study firsthand what it was like to "get by" working low-wage jobs. All of the following are true about her experiences EXCEPT:
she felt that if she had only worked harder, she would have been able to "get by."
According to your text, the most frequent form of domestic violence is:
sibling on sibling
Recently, voters in California weighed in on a proposed additional tax on cigarettes in that state. Californians were voting on a proposed:
sin tax.
The longevity discrepancy between blacks and whites may be a sign of
social inequality.
The longevity discrepancy between blacks and whites may be a sign of:
social inequality.
After the period of rapid industrialization that began in the late eighteenth century and culminated at the beginning of the twentieth century, many states began adopting various policies developed to meet social needs. This is referred to as
social policy.
Finding the so-called gay gene may bring about ____________ because it will show that homosexuality is a natural attribute.
social tolerance
The logic of industrialism thesis argues that:
social welfare benefits emerged to satisfy the social needs created by capitalism.
Asians tend to have lower infant mortality rates than others in the United States. This is most likely attributable to:
socioeconomic status
Asians tend to have lower infant mortality rates than others in the United States. This is most likely attributable to:
socioeconomic status.
The relations among European states, such as Britain and France, led to the development of a system in which each state is recognized as territorially sovereign by fellow states. This is referred to as the international
state system.
What invention first helped doctors examine patients rather than just observe them?
stethoscope
Historically, physicians did not have particularly high prestige, but their power did peak around:
the 1980's
Historically, physicians did not have particularly high prestige, but their power did peak around:
the 1980s.
Historically, physicians did not have particularly high prestige, but their power did peak, according to some sociologists, around:
the 1980s.
Which federal government program for children matches the state funding while still allowing states to set their own criteria for eligibility and control the disbursement of funds?
the State Children's Health Insurance Plan
Some gays and lesbians may be in favor of finding a so-called gay gene, because many in the gay community believe that:
the controversy will move from a moral choice to a biological characteristic, so discrimination may decrease.
What public health risk do we face if more and more people fail to complete prescribed courses of antibiotics?
the development of antimicrobial-resistant antigens
In families where both spouses work for wages, the second shift can best be described as:
the domestic tasks that fall disproportionately on women in addition to their paid work.
Robert volunteers at the local animal shelter. After ten days, abandoned animals are put to death. This distresses Robert and goes against his ethical beliefs, but because the manager of the shelter says he must, Robert participates in the euthanasia. This is an example of:
the findings in Milgram's authority experiment.
The introduction of high-yield crop varietals in developing countries and improvements in agricultural technologies are two trends that fall under the umbrella of:
the green revolution.
Use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV is now required by:
the insurance industry.
Global divide describes:
the lack of Internet access in poorer nations.
What are some of the unintended social consequences that have emerged from the Human Genome Project?
the psychological effects of gene testing that might arise
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can influence science and scientists?
the researcher's personality
Social Security benefits in the United States are an example of
the right to contributory programs
Some insurance companies base the cost to consumers on:
the risk that the individual poses.
Physicians in ancient Rome tended to have lower prestige. This was because:
the surgeons evolved from barbers.
Which of the following is NOT cited in your text as a factor that influences researchers to choose a particular area of study?
the university where the researcher studied
Black and poor women in the United States have come to rely on which of the following in order to manage child care and work responsibilities?
their extrafamilial female networks
It is suggested that Asian and Pacific Islanders have the lowest infant mortality rates because:
they do better economically.
Massachusetts passed a law that could leave less than 1 percent of the state's population:
uninsured.
Farmers who are thinking about future generations have committed to several issues. Which of the following is NOT one of the issues mentioned in your text?
using environmentally friendly tractors
One can best equate homeopathy to:
vaccines.
The Whitehall Study found which of the following factors important in determining health outcomes?
what a person does for a living
Reproductive technology has increased the number of multiple births, which leads to the ethical issue of:
whether to abort some of the embryos.
The Whitehall Study was later expanded to include:
women.
Structural changes brought on by industrialization in the United States meant that families changed from "grapevine" forms to:
"beanpoles"
Sociologist Arlie Hochschild (1980) has found that many women who would traditionally be expected to take care of the home and children also try to have a career. She calls this the:
"supermom strategy"
The notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing is known as:
"the cult of domesticity"
Working wives generally get less leisure time than their husbands. This is known as:
"the leisure gap"
Which of the following is true with regard to bottled water?
- all the above a. It is more expensive than gasoline by volume. b. People (in taste tests) can't tell the difference between tap and bottled water. c. The contents of tap water are more heavily regulated than those of bottled water.
According to research in Chapter 12, what percentage of today's U.S. families consists of a male breadwinner, a female housewife, and their children?
23 percent
Since 1981, AIDS has killed more than ____________ people worldwide.
25 million
Lleras-Muney (2005) found that an extra year of schooling decreased a person's chances of dying by ____________ percentage points in a ten-year period.
3.6
In 2007, intimate partner violence accounted for more than 2,300 deaths. What percentage of these deaths occurred among males?
30 percent
Approximately what percentage of U.S. marriages ends in divorce?
40 percent
Since 1981, AIDS has killed more than ____________ Americans.
500,000
Approximately what percentage of Americans marries at some point in their lives?
90 percent
Adam Smith showed how specialization and division of labor lead to greater productivity with the example of: a. a pin factory. b. a garden. c. his own home. d. a toy factory.
A
After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred? a. Medication replaced counseling. b. Insurance companies started paying for face-to-face treatment. c. Therapy and medications went hand-in-hand. d. Mental illness decreased with the use of medications.
A
During the agricultural revolution, the enclosure movement caused many former serfs to move to cities in search of work and led to the rise of: a. wage labor. b. apartment rentals. c. the police force. d. wars between England and India.
A
FBI consultant Robert Hare claimed that in the pursuit of profits for shareholders, corporations exhibit many of the same traits as: a. psychopaths.. b. philanthropists. c. narcissists d. hedonists.
A
Feminist sociologists claim that the family wage is a patriarchal bargain because it implies: a. that women depend on a man's wage. b. that women aren't smart enough to get a high-paying job. c. that the money men earn is most important. d. that a family needs to have a male head.
A
In contrast to Simmel, Karl Marx believed that friendship under capitalism is not possible because: a. all relationships become market relationships. b. everyone becomes too lazy. c. people care too much about others. d. people forget how to communicate.
A
In the 1990s or so, physicians' authority began to decline for several reasons. One of those was that more physicians were associated with HMOs. This meant that physicians: a. were becoming "workers," rather than heads ("owners") of medical practices. b. were paid per treatment rather than per patient. c. were allowed to work only four days per week. d. were not allowed to make more than the owner of the HMO.
A
Legal-rational authority is pervasive in modern society today. This is probably because: a. it means everyone is treated the same, based on clear and consistent procedures. b. it takes individual cases into consideration. c. it guarantees efficiency and fairness. d. it relies on tradition.
A
Rationalization means that all steps to a process are decided with ____________ in mind. a. efficiency b. routinization c. flexibility d. rigidity
A
Since the 1960s the United States has experienced what kind of shift in political participation? a. a decline b. a steady decline, then a sharp increase c. no shift d. an increase
A
The "typical" American family today is: a. dual-income. b. one where the father is the main provider. c. single-father. d. matriarchal.
A
The assembly line you might see in a factory that produces chocolate bars is an example of: a. Taylorism. b. traditional red tape. c. Fordism. d. coercion.
A
The paradox of authority means that as soon as a state uses force to enforce its rules, legitimate authority is lost because: a. people aren't listening. b. people are living in fear. c. people lose faith. d. the force becomes more important than the state.
A
What did the former United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan say was one of the most important factors in defeating infectious diseases? a. increasing access to clean water b. increasing medical education c. decreasing fertility d. increasing education regarding condom use
A
Which of the following does NOT define a corporation from a "psychotic" definition? a. It engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud. b. It shows little regard, remorse, or guilt for harming others. c. It fails to conform to social norms by obeying the law. d. It is unable to maintain a long-term relationship with anybody or anything.
A
What population currently has the highest rate of HIV contraction in the United States?
African American women
A sociological explanation for the rise in autism diagnoses in recent years is that:
Autism has become socially "contagious", as more people become familiar with the symptoms and are more likely to see them in their children
A corporate strategy to reduce production cost is to lower labor costs. One publicly unfavorable way is to move all or part of the company's operations overseas and use third-world labor to minimize cost. This is referred to as: a. sweatshop labor. b. offshoring. c. migrant labor. d. developing.
B
A corporation is legally: a. owned by shareholders. b. an individual. c. an informal organization. d. held by families.
B
In 1961, Stanley Milgram devised an experiment to measure: a. people's individual social characteristics. b. how far ordinary people would go in obeying an authority figure. c. intelligence. d. social acceptance of people from different races.
B
Some insurance companies base the cost to consumers on: a. geography. b. the risk the individual poses. c. their ability to pay. d. their employers.
B
The major historical transition from small-scale artisan labor to the Industrial Revolution was mainly due to: a. an increase in rural populations. b. development of new technologies. c. new transportation methods, like airplanes. d. an increase in family size, creating more workers for factories.
B
What is the correct term describing an economic system characterized by the presence of lords, vassals, and serfs? a. capitalism b. feudalism c. monetization. d. honorarium
B
What is the name of the economic system that developed along with the agricultural revolution and Industrial Revolution in Europe? a. feudalism b. capitalism c. socialism d. communism
B
Why aren't antibiotics as successful in treating illnesses as they were several years ago?
Bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics.
A powerful example of the devaluation of housework in the United States was the original September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. Ultimately, what happened
Both the deceased's future earnings and his or her estimated contributions to the family's unpaid household work were measured to determine the family's amount of compensation.
"Parceling-out of the soul" is Max Weber's term for people who: a. refuse to let good judgment get in the way of making money. b. have no morals. c. become alienated from a sense of right and wrong. d. deliberately set out to harm others.
C
Adam Smith agues that money is: a. evil. b. necessary in a bartering society. c. inherently social. d. a relatively new phenomenon, starting during the Industrial Revolution.
C
Authority refers to: a. rules and regulations of society. b. the enforcement of societal folkways. c. the justifiable right to exercise power. d. the process of commanding.
C
Hollywood films are often popular abroad and can be vehicles for some of the favored U.S. ideologies, such as free trade or democratic political institutions. In this case, attraction is used to influence external state actors. This is an example of: a. hard power. b. game theory. c. soft power. d. political deception.
C
In 1986 the EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act) was passed. It made: a. it illegal to give medical care to people without insurance. b. it illegal to deliver a baby without medical training. c. it a requirement to treat even the uninsured at emergency rooms. d. it legal to treat the young, but not the elderly, in emergency rooms, unless the elderly had Medicare.
C
Promotions to higher levels within an idealized bureaucratic hierarchy based on achievement rather than personal attributes or favoritism refers to: a. charisma. b. Taylorism. c. meritocracy. d. specialization.
C
The eradication of African river blindness (onchocerciasis) illustrates the connection between: a. government and community development. b. natural resources and basic survival. c. health and economic development. d. safe water and population rates.
C
The increasing divide between the haves and the have-nots is referred to as: a. globalization. c. champagne-glass distribution. b. the global divide. d. the elite class.
C
Weber believed that hidden under any system of domination by authority is the threat of: a. government.. b. laws. c. violence. d. power.
C
What did Bogin find was different in the Mayans' lifestyle that allowed them to grow 4 inches taller in the United States than in Guatemala? a. They tended to be born to older mothers. b. They tended to be born to younger, healthier mothers. c. They had access to a better diet. d. They were less likely to have sex during their teen years.
C
What is the major reason unions are on the decline in the United States today? a. It is felt that unions increase productivity. b. The government does a better job at collective bargaining for workers. c. People don't trust unions, saying they are corrupt and outdated. d. The Freedom of Association Act was repealed in 1949.
C
What term describes the economy that revolves around providing intangible services such as restaurant work, health-care provision, higher education, legal advice, computer tech support, and massage? a. services for hire b. vocational services c. service sector d. civil service
C
Which of the following does NOT contribute to globalization? a. new markets where anyone with proper equipment can participate b. new forms of communication. c. no new rules to hinder advancement in the global market d. transnational players
C
According to scientists, what is the number-one contributor to rising global temperatures?
CO2 emissions
A system of payment whereby workers are compensated on the basis of a wage not tied to the quality of the raw materials, accidents, or other exigencies in the production process refers to: a. payment per unit. b. piecework. c. hourly wage. d. wage labor.
D
A union allows workers to join together to promote their: a. organizing.. b. negotiations. c. arbitrage d. collective interests.
D
An organization that seeks to gain power in a government, generally by backing candidates for office who subscribe to the party platform, is referred to as: a. Congress. b. campaign managers. c. an interest group. d. a political party.
D
Doctors are typically more concerned with the opinion of their: a. clients. b. families. c. bosses. d. peers.
D
Hypertension is directly related to stress, which can be attributed to being poor. However, poor African Americans in the United States have similar rates of hypertension as middle- and upper-class African Americans. How would the "tokenism theory" explain this? a. African Americans make bad lifestyle choices, regardless of their socioeconomic status. b. All African Americans lack adequate health care when they are young. c. African Americans have a genetic predisposition for hypertension. d. All African Americans may still experience discrimination.
D
In a capitalist economic system, the price and distribution of goods and services are determined by what? a. number of workers b. monetization c. location d. competition
D
Marx described workers as being alienated from: a. the process of production. b. other people. c. themselves. d. all of the above.
D
The agricultural revolution was spurred on by new innovations such as: a. the steam engine.. b. factories. c. the plow d. crop rotation.
D
Weber described bureaucracies as the ____________ of modern life. a. prison b. monotony c. meritocracy d. iron cage
D
Which of the following factors, mentioned in your text, is NOT important in predicting mortality rates? a. nutrition b. social position c. lifestyle choices. d. religion
D
Which of the following is true with regard to bottled water? a. It is more expensive than gasoline by volume. b. People (in taste tests) can't tell the difference between tap and bottled water. c. The contents of tap water are more heavily regulated than those of bottled water. d. All of the above.
D
Which term refers to a single seller of a good or service in the market, resulting in zero competition? a. oligopoly b. communism c. socialism d. monopoly
D
Which theorist claimed that modern capitalism would not have arisen without the Protestant Reformation, which created the necessary social conditions for capitalism by creating theological insecurity and instilling a doctrine of predestination? a. Karl Marx b. Georg Simmel c. Adam Smith d. Max Weber
D
Why aren't antibiotics as successful in treating illnesses as they were several years ago? a. Fewer physicians are now prescribing antibiotics. b. Individuals have developed allergies to them. c. Antibiotics are not as available as they were in the past. d. Bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics.
D
Which of the following is NOT a volunteer organization in which physicians volunteer to help poor nations?
Equal Health for All
In 1977, Wangari Maathai started the ____________ due to her concern with the effects of deforestation on rural communities.
Green belt Movement
What did mechanic and meyer find to be the most important factor for patients in rating their doctor?
Interpersonal confidence
Which of the following was NOT the result of medical licensing that began in the mid 1800s?
It allowed women and racial minorities to become physicians.
Which of the following was the result of medical licensing that began in the mid-1800s?
It created markets for alternative forms of medicine, such as homeopathy WRONG
Which of the following was the result of medical licensing that began in the mid-1800s?
It gave physicians more economic clout.
Which of the following is true with regard to bottled water?
It is more expensive than gasoline by volume.
Structural changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution had major consequences for families. What was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?
It separated work and home, and created new roles for men and women.
The American values of hard work and self-reliance might lead blacks to follow the example of which folklore figure in order to prove themselves?
John Henry
The american values of hard work and self-reliance might lead blacks to follow the example of which folklore figure in order to prove themselves?
John Henry
A prominent British economist postulated that government intervention, in the form of social expenditures, could pull the economy out of a recession by stimulating demand for products and services. This is referred to as:
Keynesian economics
As discussed in Chapter 12, which group of women is least likely to get an abortion?
Latino women
______ results from inadequate growth during gestation or a curtailed period of gestation.
Low birth weight
____________ results from inadequate growth during gestation or a curtailed period of gestation
Low birth weight
____________ results from inadequate growth during gestation or a curtailed period of gestation.
Low birth weight
In much of the Western world, the choice of a marriage partner tends to be influenced by age, education, class, race, and religion. Which of the following explains this tendency?
Marrying someone who diverges a great deal from our age, race, social class, and religion is often met with overt or subtle disapproval from others.
A government program that provides health insurance for the poor is:
Medicaid
A government program that provides health insurance for the poor is:
Medicaid.
If state and federal health care plans don't change, which of the following can you look forward to when you turn 65?
Medicare
Which government program provides medical care for the elderly and the young with disabilities?
Medicare
After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred?
Medication replaced counseling.
After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred?
Medication replaced couseling
Physician prestige has been on the decline since the 1980s. Which of the following might be a reason?
More people in the medical community are being allowed to prescribe.
Which of the following contributes to increasing rates of heart disease and hypertension in women?
More women are entering high-level jobs
Which of the following contributes to increasing rates of heart disease and hypertension in women?
More women are entering high-level jobs.
What is a social benefit of adopting the sick role?
People who do so are not looked down on or morally judged if they do not work.
What is the social benefit of adopting the sick role?
People who do so are not looked down on or morally judged if they do not work.
____________ rights guarantee a citizen's rights to participate in politics, including the right to vote and the right to hold an elected office.
Political
The ____________ study showed how stigmas (e.g., labels) can become self-fulfilling prophecies.
Pygmalion
Which of the following is a reason for the decline in doctors' authority after 1990?
Rising ability of nurse practitioners to treat patients
As your text points out, single mothers and poverty often go hand in hand. What is the primary reason their employment opportunities typically limit them to low-wage work?
Single mothers are often unskilled and have less education than the average American.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the domestic world of Ozzie and Harriet portrayed in the 1950s television program?
The program portrayed an idealized version of American family life in the 1950s.
Which of the following trends is true in the Western world today?
The proportion of women who choose not to have children is on the rise.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history?
The traditional family was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and can really be viewed as an aberration.
Which of the following is true regarding single-parent families in the United States and worldwide
They are on the rise in the United States and worldwide
What did Bogin find was different in the Mayans' lifestyle that allowed them to grow 4 inches taller in the United States than in Guatemala?
They had access to a better diet.
Reproductive technology has increased the number of multiple births, which leads to the ethical issue of:
Whether to abort some types of embryos.
What is one reason men have higher mortality rates than women?
Women are more likely to seek medical care.
Why did the elderly who received more social security have higher mortality rates than the elderly who received less social security and had to work part time?
Working had a positive impact on their longevity due to social interaction
According to existing studies, why did the elderly who received more Social Security have higher mortality rates than the elderly who received less Social Security and had to work part-time?
Working had a positive impact on their longevity due to social interaction.
Why did the elderly who received more Social Security have higher mortality rates than the elderly who received less Social Security and had to work part time?
Working had a positive impact on their longevity due to social interaction.
Why did the elderly who received more Social Security have higher mortality rates than the elderly who received less Social Security and had to work part-time?
Working had a positive impact on their longevity due to social interaction.
In the 1960s many social scientists, including Daniel Patrick Moynihan, viewed the strong role held by women in many African American families as:
a detrimental characteristic that undermined men's roles in the family and caused all sorts of social problems.
Most Latino families in the United States are shaped by which of the following?
a devout tradition of Catholicism
Society believes that a doctor driving by the scene of an accident has:
a moral obligation to stop and try to help.
Which of the following is an example of a legal-rational institution?
a prison
A professional who attempts to make a client happy at the expense of the self esteem of his or her peers is known to sociologists as:
a quack
A professional who attempts to make a client happy at the expense of the esteem of his or her peers is known to sociologists as:
a quack.
In 1986, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) was passed, making it:
a requirement to treat even the uninsured at emergency rooms.
One concern of using technology such as amniocentesis in countries like China and India is:
aborting female fetuses.
About how long do the majority of single mothers stay on the welfare rolls in the United States?
about 2 years
In 1980, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) III:
adopted a medical model of mental illness.
What are some of the unintended consequences of DNA testing?
all of the above
Philosopher Ian Hacking suggests that ____________ play into what is discovered and how it is discovered.
all the above
Which of the following is considered a factor that can influence science and scientists?
all the above
Vandana Shiva agrees that the green revolution has increased agricultural output and household incomes, but she is concerned about ____________ changes.
all the above. economic cultural environmental
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that doctors establish their power?
always have sharp haircuts
When it comes to health care, Western societies:
are reactive; people tend to go to the doctor only when they decide they are sick.
When it comes to health care, western societies:
are reactive; people tend to go to the doctor only when they decide they are sick.
Charles Perrow believes that although disasters from manufactured risks are a part of modern life, we can:
attempt to reduce their impact
A sociological explanation for the rise in autism diagnoses in recent years is that:
autism has become socially "contagious," as more people become familiar with the symptoms and are more likely to see them in their children.
What might inhibit American teenagers from reaching their maximum growth potential?
bad diet
In about the 1990s, physicians' authority began to decline for several reasons, one of which was that more physicians were associated with HMOs. This meant that physicians were:
becoming "workers" rather than heads ("owners") of medical practices.
Who is more likely to die young?
black male
Poor children can be covered medically by:
both Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Plan
A person who is always the center of attention and comfortable with being a leader probably has what kind of authority?
charismatic
Legally recognized unions of gay and lesbian couples that are explicitly intended to offer similar state-mandated legal rights and benefits of marriage as are given to heterosexual couples are known as:
civil unions
Philosopher Ian Hacking suggests that:
claims undermining the purity of scientific pursuit weaken scientific claims to truth
Which of the following is NOT something scientists predict will result from a continued rise in global temperatures?
decreases in tropical diseases
Which profession has the least number of practitioners in the United States?
doctors
Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company was in a position to issue commands and dictate the price of oil to oil producers by virtue of its monopoly on oil refining. This is an example of domination by:
economic power
Your text suggests that significant economic development in underdeveloped areas of the world would require:
eliminating malaria
Your text suggests that significant economic development in underdeveloped areas of the world would require:
eliminating malaria.
What did Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai believe was central to promoting international peace?
environmental preservation
In Beck's description of risk society, a tornado is an example of what type of risk?
external
Marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the United States, although most U.S. marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. What factors might discourage exogamy?
facing ostracism from within one's tightly knit community
Organizations ruled by traditional authority run into problems when a situation occurs:
for which the first leader did not set a precedent.
The ________ theory of the family argues that nuclear families are necessary for child rearing and fulfilling society's need for productive workers.
functionalist
The "drift explanation" of the relationship between health and socioeconomic status states that:
genetics and biology affect socioeconomic status (SES) so that people who are healthier have an easier time maintaining a high SES.
The Matthew effect is essentially like:
getting promoted because of who you are and not based on your achievements
Recent trends in marriages between people from different races or ethnic groups indicate a:
growing acceptance of exogamy
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that doctors establish their power?
have medical staff prescreen you before you see the doctor
The main problem of fee-for-service is doctors have an incentive to:
have patients return for unnecessary visits.
The eradication of African river blindness (onchocerciasis) illustrates the connection between:
health and economic development.
One scientist hoped to solve health and nutritional problems for children in developing countries by the genetic modification of rice with:
high levels of vitamin A
One scientist hoped to solve health and nutritional problems for children in developing countries by the genetic modification of rice with:
high levels of vitamin A.
The Whitehall Study found that men in lower ranks had which of the following risk factors?
higher stress level
The Whitehall Study found that men in lower ranks had which of the following risk factors?
higher stress levels
One of the things that may have led Dr. Paul Farmer's (cofounder of Partners in Health) continued commitment to helping the poorest regions of the world with regard to health care is:
his PhD in medical anthropology, which gives him experience as a social scientist.
The American Medical Association was the beginning of the end (until very recently) of:
homeopathic medicine.
According to the controversial twin study, there is a genetic link to:
homosexuality.
Sociologically speaking, the BRCA1 gene mutation is a good example of:
how the effects of genes are subject to change because of social practices.
Morbidity means ____________; mortality means ____________.
illness, death
Morbidity means ______, mortality means _______.
illness; death
Morbidity means ____________; mortality means ____________.
illness; death
The Cooperative Wheat Research and Production Program (later CIMMYT, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) was established in 1945 to:
improve Mexico's agricultural output.
Neoclassical economists typically look at a member's power in the family as a direct expression of that member's utility to the family unit. This measure of power tends to be based on gender and what other factor?
income
According to the text's discussion, cohabitation:
increases the rate of divorce because people who cohabitate probably have fewer qualms about divorce.
What did the former United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan say was one of the most important factors in defeating infectious diseases?
increasing access to clean water
It's commonly perceived that the divorce rate has skyrocketed since the 1950s, but actually divorce rates in the United States have been:
increasing steadily since 1900
According to your text, the decision to develop atomic weapons during World War II was influenced by:
international geopolitical circumstances.
What did Mechanic and Meyer find to be the most important factor for patients in rating their doctor?
interpersonal confidence
Normal science:
is conducted within an existing paradigm.
Ethnographic research:
is field research. involves researcher participation. is done by observation. all of the above.
Poor diet during adolescence can be detrimental to growth potential because:
it is one of the periods in life in which a growth spurt takes place
Poor diet during adolescence can be detrimental to growth potential because:
it is one of the periods in life in which a growth spurt takes place.
Which type of families have higher child mortality rates?
large
Which type of family has higher child mortality rates?
large
The main problem of fee-for-service is that doctors have an incentive to:
limit medical procedures. WRONG
Sometimes meat and poultry aren't labeled organic even though they come from free-range animals raised without growth hormones or antibiotics. This is because:
maintaining an organic farm with U.S. Department of Agriculture certification is expensive; many farmers can't comply because of this.
Risks that result from human activity are referred to as ____________ risks
manufactured
One global warming prediction is that as ocean levels rise:
many more people will move away from the coast.
The global warming argument is that as ocean levels rise:
many more people will move away from the coast.
If you are interested in comparing the rates of illness between males and females in your dorm, you need to know the different:
morbidity rates.
Within the international community, an unwritten rule exists that neighboring states must first recognize a new state's autonomy before
more distant ones will do so.
Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
more nutritious products
During the Cold War, the United States tended to use hard power with regard to international relations. Joseph Nye, former assistant secretary of defense, concludes that use of hard power in international politics today is:
no longer needed, especially because countries are economically dependent on each other.
A family consisting of a mother, father, and their biological children is known as a(n):
nuclear family
It is it difficult to make generalizations about Latino families in the United States because:
of their diverse origins and geography
Organic products can lead to health stratification by income because:
organic products are more expensive.
According to the normative view of science, what should scientists leave at the laboratory door?
personal values
What did Latour and Woolgar suggest may influence which research findings receive the most attention?
power struggles within the lab hierarchy
Fee-for-service means physicians are:
reimbursed per office visit or procedure by insurance agencies.
Which of the following is a reason for the decline in doctors' authority after 1990?
rising ability of nurse practitioners to treat patients
Which of the following is a reason for the decline in doctors' authority after 1990? You Answered
rising ability of nurse practitioners to treat patients
When Susie takes up smoking, the cost of her insurance coverage goes up. This is a result of:
risk adjustment
When Susie takes up smoking, the cost of her insurance coverage goes up. This is a result of:
risk adjustment.
Debates over whether scientific facts are "discovered" or "socially constructed" are referred to as:
science wars
In opposition to the sociology of science researcher Bruno Latour, many scientists assert that ____________ are not made but rather preexist in objective reality waiting to be discovered.
scientific facts
According to Kuhn, what is the factor responsible for important scientific advancements?
scientific revolutions
The longevity discrepancy between blacks and whites may be a sign of:
social inequality
Fee-for-service caused a situation where physicians could control the number of (often unnecessary) visits required for treatment. This problem was called:
supplier-induced demand
Fee-for-service caused a situation where physicians could control the number of (often unnecessary) visits required for treatment. This problem was called:
supplier-induced demand.
Aries wrote that children of preindustrial families were:
thought of as small adults who didn't warrant any special treatment or nurturing.
According to research presented in Chapter 12, if the typical American mother has two shifts, then the typical black American mother has how many?
three
Which of the following was a motivation of the welfare reforms of 1996?
to promote self-sufficiency and personal responsibility
One of the criticisms of the Whitehall Study is that the researchers did not adequately address the possibility that occupational and health differences were caused by:
underlying personality differences.
Under HMOs, doctors usually don't get more money each time a patient comes in, so the incentive might be to:
undertreat the patient.
While HMO's might decrease the prestige of physicians, they could also be detrimental to patients because a patient could be:
undertreated
Since the late 1990s, a large portion of Asia has been:
using high-yield rice seeds.
In about the 1990s, physicians' authority began to decline for several reasons, one of which was that more physicians were associated with HMOs. This meant that physicians:
were becoming "workers" rather than heads ("owners") of medical practices.
Recent trends indicate that weekly hours of housework done by men and women are converging. Which of the following statements indicates how household labor is divided by gender?
women do the housework and men help out
One of the problems with the Human Genome Project is that once your genetic structure is known:
you may be labeled in such a way that a self-fulfilling prophecy takes place.
If you miss an appointment with your physician:
you will most likely be charged anyway.
