SOC Chapter 3-6 Quiz Questions (EXAM 2)

according to a conflict theorist's perspective of culture, __________.

a society is composed of groups that each act to meet their own self-interests

john is studying criminal justice in college, he believes that recent rapid social changes have led to a breakdown of social norms. john's idea is most associated with the idea of ________

anomie

which perspective would be most likely to observe that parents must share the ability to socialize their children with educational systems which may convey different messages about power and privilege to their children?

conflict

which sociological perspective argues that those with the most social power use the process of socialization to develop social support for the existing power structure and the self-interests of the elite?

conflict

eric graduated from college and got accepted into law school and enrolled eagerly into the program. eric joined several clubs and after graduation, eric joined a local law firm. Robert Merton would classify eric's actions as ________

conformity

all cultures are shared, adaptive, and ________

cumulative

what is most likely to end the process of socialization?

death

true or false: Crystal is both a mother and a full time engineer at a local architectural firm. when the requirements of her status as a mother and as an employee clash, she experiences role strain

false

true or false: George Herbert Mead refers to "me" as the most basic element of the self

false

true or false: US culture is compromised of ideas about individualism, capitalism, freedom of religion, and democracy, which are easily transferable and always successful in other settings

false

true or false: as minority groups gain esteem and acceptance in society, they face fewer hate crimes

false

true or false: ethnocentrism is inherently hostile

false

true or false: julia and ivan grew up in very different households. julia's family was wealthy while Ivan's family struggled to make ends meat. Despite social class differences, Julia and Ivan are likely to have been socialized in the same ways

false

true or false: most sociologists rely on sociobiological and human behavior ecology explanations when they explain socialization

false

true or false: since many businesses are global they can move their physical headquarters from one nation to another; however, this has not helped businesses avoid paying millions of dollars in taxes

false

true or false: socialization stops at the age of 21

false

true or false: the death penalty is a successful crime deterrent, and murder rates are lower in the US states where the death penalty is legal

false

it is likely that the most important micro level formal agent of socialization is ______

family

what represents an achieved status?

having attained a bachelor's degree in sociology

Joanna's parents promised her that they will buy her a car for college if she graduates from high school with honors. To achieve her goal, Joanna hired and paid college students to do her projects and submitted them as her own work. Robert Merton would classify Joanna's actions as ______.

innovation

globalization is a process by which the world is becoming more ___________

integrated

what is an example of a crime that is considered a consensus crime in the US?

murder

the hardest aspect of traveling from one country to another is the amount of time it takes to understand ________, as they vary from culture to culture and are learned through socialization

nonverbal messages

LeAnn works in an office. she complained to her friends that she does all the work, but it was her boss who received a salary raise and accolades. LeAnn was told that due to budget cuts, she was not going to be receiving a salary raise or promotion. To compensate for not getting a raise, LeAnn takes home a laptop from her office for personal use without notifying her boss. LeAnn has committed a(n) ___________

occupational crime

extorting money unlawfully in exchange for safety and protection exemplifies what type of wrongdoing?

racketeering

________ are fueled by religious beliefs and economic stressors, generally promote anti-modernity sentiments, and are largely movements revolving around militant violence, which respond to personally perceived threats to one's way of life

radical fundamentalist movements

according to Max Weber, creating rules and regulations- instead of relying on traditions- focused on reaching goals and improving the efficiency of society functionality is known as _______

rationalization of social life

access to people that can help one get jobs or favors through their social networks is known as __________

social capital

Nita's parents enrolled her into a religious school. They also encouraged her to attend Sunday school, volunteer in church, and concentrate on her studies. They believe that these activities will reduce the risk of Anna partaking in any inappropriate activities and keep Anna from getting in trouble. This most closely represents which theory?

social control theory

_____ are attributed to a position within a group or society while ______ are sets of culturally defined rights and duties

statuses; roles

the violation of social norms is known as ________

deviance

societies instill some degree of ______ into their members because they promote cultural beliefs. this is contrary to _______, which requires one to set aside one's own cultural and personal beliefs

ethnocentrism; cultural relativism

when Tianna and Bri pretend together that they are firefighters who rescue a baby, they are demonstrating a concept that George Herbert Mead refers to as ________-

the game stage

when Alison and John play soccer they adhere to the rule that only the goalie is allowed to touch the ball with their hands. they are demonstrating a concept that George Herbet Mead refers to as ______

the generalized other

conflict theorists would most agree with what statement about deviance

those who control society are able to define deviance

true or false: the definition of deviance varies significantly based on time, geographical location, and social group

true

Peter is visiting Denver, Colorado (a state with legalized recreational use of marijuana), and is using marijuana for recreational purposes with his friends. After the trip, he decides to bring a small amount of marijuana back home to New York for his personal use but is arrested at the airport for possession of marijuana. Which of the following crimes did Peter commit in New York?

a victimless crime

when George Herbert Mead refers to the generalized other, he means ___________

an abstract community of people in one's social milieu

several sociological theories on crime suggest that _______ helps prevent young people from entering the criminal justice system in the first place

building social capital

according to Charles H. Cooley, which of the following is a principal element of the looking-glass self?

how we imagine we appear to others

peter is invited to a friend's party but has a final exam the next morning. part of him wants to stop studying, go to the party, and have fun. the other part of him wants to study to pass the final exam so that he can graduate college. the part of peter who wants to have fun is the ____, and the part of peter that wants to defer gratification to reach a goal is the _____

i; me

according to george herbert mead, role-taking is best defined as what?

imagining one's self in the position of an other

Matty is two. she likes to say "no-no," a phrase she often hears from her mother. George Herbert Mead would likely say she is in the __________

imitation stage

_______ is one of the major keys to a child's socialization and development of self

language acquisition

re socialization fundamentally involves what?

learning a new social role

at the _______ level, we are likely to receive different messages about what is means to be a "good" person for our race, religion, and social class background

meso

a culture that is mass produced and consumed and becomes part of everyday life is called __________

popular culture

felix is wearing a shirt, tie, and nicely ironed slacks. as he passes people on the street, he receives several warm smiles and nods of approval. felix is receiving ________

positive sanctions

the "hardware," or ____ of our social world provides the framework for "software," or _______ to function

societies; culture

a place such as a prison, where a large number of people lead an enclosed, formally administered way of life is considered a _____ institution

total

the process by which immigrants develop multinational social relations linking them to other societies as well as their own is called ________

transnationalism

which of the following is the best data-gathering technique to measure time rates?

triangulation

true or false: both conflict and structural-functionalist theories view the socialization process as essential to individuals and society as a whole

true

true or false: compared to violent crimes, occupational crimes is much more costly in terms of money, health, and lives

true

true or false: conflict theorists identify tension between the meso and macro levels of society, whereas functionalists tend to focus on harmony and the smooth integration between those levels

true

true or false: critics of the functionalist perspective have argued that it overemphasizes the need for consensus, thus ignoring conflict stemming from problems such as inequality

true

true or false: emile durkheim found that social bonds are important protective factors against suicide

true

true or false: john, a young teenager, and his friends, all without a criminal record, are walking around the mall on Halloween day. john's friends dare him to steal an entire bag of candy from a store, and he does. Labeling theorists would define john's behavior as a "primary deviance"

true

true or false: research performed by scientists at Facebook and the University of Milan shows that the distance separating any two individuals in any given society is now less than 5 people

true

according to your textbook, statistical data shows that hate crimes based on religion and sexual orientation have increased over the past few years. however, hate crimes are still under reported. what is mostly likely to contribute to the under reporting of hate crimes?

victims do not believe the police will help them