Soc1-Final Exam

The membership base plays a major role in professional movement organizations.

False

A popular criticism of resource mobilization theory is that involvement of the elites often results in the demise of a social movement.

True

Gentrification describes the economic and cultural transitions that occur when wealthier people begin to move into predominantly poor, inner-city communities.

True

Some social movements fade away during the coalescence stage due to lack of funds and time commitment.

True

What is a social movement? Describe the four types of social movements and give examples of each. In your view, which type of social movement has the most potential for positive social change, and why?

Your Answer: 1. Alternative social movement: target a particular group of people and seek limited social change. And focus on a singular concern. (ex: #NeverAgain, a gun control political action committee led by American students, advocating stricter regulations to prevent gun violence) 2. Redemptive social movement: target a particular group of people but seek a radical change in behavior. Usually affiliate by religion groups (ex: the Covenant House, an organization that seek to help you reorganize your life and reforming all your daily practices.) 3. Reformative social movement: target the entire society, and seek limited change. (ex: the Critical Mass, an organization that advocates a safer environment for bicyclists.) 4. Revolutionary social movement: target the entire society, advocates the radical reorganization of society. (ex: Weather Underground, a radical student group in Vietnam that seek for a democratic society.) I think Reformative social movement is the most potential to bring positive social change because they are not as radical as Revolutionary social movement, but they are targeting the entire society.

In the 1960s, many social scientists, including Daniel Patrick Moynihan, viewed the strong role held by women in many African American families as

a detrimental characteristic that undermined men's roles in the family and caused all sorts of social problems.

Environmental activists who wish to ban all carbon emissions spur a countermovement by manufacturers whose factories must emit some pollutants to operate at a profit. When these two groups come together to formulate new environmental policies, it is an example of:

a dialectic

The most limited social movement, focusing on a narrow group of people, would be a(n):

alterative social movement, like Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)

Michael and Shawn are cohabitating. They love each other, but sociological research predicts that, when they do marry, they will face a higher risk of divorce. Sociologists believe this is because they:

are likely more accepting of divorce

New technologies like the Internet and social media are major contributors to rapid social:

change

You are a deacon in a Southern Baptist church. The church condemns same-sex marriage; however, you personally believe same-sex marriage should be allowed, and in your free time you protest for equal rights for gays and lesbians. This would be an example of:

conflicting identities

The period when a few people try to draw attention to a particular social issue that is not in the public consciousness describes which stage of a social movement?

emergence

In her native country of India, Malina's family would have insisted that she marry someone of a similar ethnicity and social class. Her family has immigrated to the United States, and though her family disapproves, Malina marries a Hawaiian man she has fallen in love with. Her choice reflects her preference for the U.S. marriage rule of:

exogamy

Grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins who live together in a multigenerational household are considered a(n) family.

extended

Marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the United States, although most U.S. marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. What factors might discourage exogamy?

facing ostracism from within one's community

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski (1913) examined the family structure of nontraditional cultures and settled a long-standing debate when he concluded that:

family is a universal human institution

On most weekends the Smiths, who have one son and two daughters, do their assigned chores. The son mows the lawn and helps his dad with automobile maintenance, while the girls help clean the house and prepare the meals. This distribution of chores reflects:

how gender roles are learned at home

Imagine you are a member of Critical Mass, the cycling organization that attempts to educate the public about carbon dioxide pollution from gas vehicles. Even though it lacks the organizational structure of a professional movement, it has high levels of member participation. This would be a organization.

mass protest

The theory of the family, developed by Talcott Parsons, argues that nuclear families are necessary for child rearing and fulfilling society's need for productive workers.

nuclear

A society that relies purely on tradition to choose its leaders would be classified as:

premodern

Structural changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution had major consequences for families. One important consequence is that the Industrial Revolution:

separated work and home and created new roles for men and women

Reformative social movements:

target almost everyone in a society

Phillipe Aries wrote that children of preindustrial families were

thought of as small adults who didn't warrant any special treatment or nurturing

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history? The traditional family:

was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and in broader historical view, seems almost unusual.

A mass protest organization and a grassroots organization both rely on high levels of membership, but a grassroots organization:

works through existing political structures to promote change