SOC1000 Final Exam OU

Nuclear family

Consists of two parents and their children- or any two of the three

Liberal theologians believe that their own path to God is the most complete and correct path. True False

False. Liberal theologies suggest that God may speak to people through a variety of channels

Theocracy

Government in which religious leaders rule society in accordance with God's presumed wishes

Medicalization

Handling of some forms of deviance as well as some normal human functions (such as pregnancy and childbirth) in the health care system rather than the family, legal, or religious arenas

Exogamy

norms governing the choice of a mate that require individuals to marry outside of their own immediate group

Medicare

A government-run health insurance system for those 65 and older in the United States

arranged marriage

A pattern of mate selection in which someone other than the couple - elder males, parents, a matchmaker - selects the marital partners

Meritocracy

A society in which positions are allocated in social groups or organizations according to individuals' abilities and credentials

Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being or the absence of disease

equal educational opportunity

A system in which children are provided with equal facilities, financing, and access to school programs

Symbol

An object or action that represents something else and therefore has meaning beyond its own existence

According to the text, no-fault divorce laws have had little or no effect on divorce rates. True False

False. No-fault divorce laws have made it easier to get a divorce in the United States and today's divorce rate is higher than at any point before the 1970s. Divorce rates have been declining since the early 1980s, though

Denmark was the first country to allow same-sex marriages. True False

False. Denmark was the first country to allow same-sex unions in 1989, but the Netherlands was the first country to allow same-sex marriages in 2001.

Infant mortality is lower among minority infants than other groups because of the minority group's access to governmental assistance programs. True False

False. Infant mortality is highest among minority infants.

Opposition to homosexuality is especially low among religious fundamentalists.

False. Opposition to homosexuality is highest among religious fundamentalists.

Divorce rates are highest in northeastern states like Massachusetts and Rhode Island. True False

False. Some of the lowest divorce rates are found in the northeastern United States.

The family in which individuals are born and raised is called the family of procreation True False

False. The family in which individuals are born and raised is called the family of orientation.

Pologamy

Marriage of one person to more than one partner at the same time

Endogamy

Norms that require individuals to marry inside certain human boundaries based on whatever the social members see as protecting the homogeneity of the group

Myths

Stories that people tell to explain beliefs about their world

New Religious Movements (NRMs); cult

The beginning phase of an entirely new religion

Medicaid

The government- run health insurance plan for low-income families

hidden curriculum

The implicit messages learned in school through the other three Rs of school: rules, routines, and regulations

monogamy

The most familiar form of marriage in industrial and postindustrial societies; refers to marriage of two individuals

elective affinity

The pattern of people belonging to religious groups that espouse values and characteristics compatible with their social status and self-interests

Deprofessionalization

The process through which a professional occupation loses autonomy, respect, and service orientation because the professionals come to be controlled by nonprofessionals and outside forces such as financial concerns, government regulations, technological changes, and administrators or management

The most universal form of exogamy is the incest taboo. True False

True

According to the text, husbands who do an equitable share of the household chores report higher levels of satisfaction with the marriage. True False

True.

Allopathy is medical treatment supported by the American Medical Association and most Western medical organizations involving remedies based on directly countering a patient's symptoms with drugs or surgery. True False

True.

In the United States, the current movement is toward religiosity at the micro level and increasing secularism at the macro level. True False

True.

Men are more likely to use emergency medical services than women. True False

True.

Sweden, Norway, and Israel are examples of countries that have socialized medicine. True False

True.

Which niche do groups like the Amish fit best? A) Ultra-liberal B) Moderate C) Conservative D) Ultra-strict

d. Ultra- strict

school climate

a general social environment that characterizes a group, organization, or community such as a school

free-choice marriage

a pattern of mate selection in which the partners select each other based primarily on romance and love

Sick role

a special position in society in which one is temporarily relieved of responsibilities and accepts a position of dependence

The ______ has led to the decline of United States citizens who don't have health insurance. a. Affordable Care Act b. Family Medical Leave Act c. Temporary Aid for Needy Familes plan d. None of the above

a. Affordable Care Act

Why is the family known as "the most basic institution of a society"? a. It affects us most of the time and for most of our lives. b. Other major life events take place outside of the family. c. Other institutions can fulfill all of the same functions as the family. d. All of the above

a. It affects us most of the time and for most of our lives.

Which of the following statements supports the argument that education works to reproduce social class from one generation to the next? a. Students from a lower socioeconomic position must obey authority. b. Students from a lower socioeconomic position are taught to question the dominant ideology. c. Student achievement, like test scores, plays a large role in determining how a student is tracked. d. Students are encouraged to pursue any occupational path they find desirable.

a. Students from a lower socioeconomic position must obey authority.

Which of the following statements about Oregon's (and several other states') euthanasia law is false? a. The patient must wait at least 60 days after making their request. b. Two or more doctors must agree that the patient has six or fewer months to live. c. The patient must make two written requests for the prescription. d. The patient must be at least 18 years old.

a. The patient must wait at least 60 days after making their request.

Which of the following is not a requirement of the sick role? a. The sick person relaxes and enjoys resting while recovering. b. The sick person is excused from normal social responsibility in order to get well. c. The illness is not the sick person's fault. d. The sick person is expected to seek competent medical help.

a. The sick person relaxes and enjoys resting while recovering.

Which of the following statements about tracking is false? a. Track placement is always a measure of a student's ability. b. Over time, differences in children's achievement become reinforced. c. Students from lower social classes are clustered in the lower tracks. d. Language differences between teachers and students affect track placement.

a. Track placement is always a measure of a student's ability.

What niche appeals most to the upper class? A) Liberal B) Moderate C) Conservative D) Strict

a. liberal

The flag is an example of a ___________ A) sacred symbol B) ritual C) belief system D) All of the above

a. sacred symbol

Women's domestic labor tends to decrease in commuter relationships, but men's tends to increase A) True B) False

a. true

What percent of the US population is Muslim? A) ~1 percent B) ~5 percent C) ~10 percent D) ~15 percent

a. ~1 percent

What percent of the US population is Jewish? A) ~2 percent B) ~5 percent C) ~10 percent D) ~15 percent

a. ~2 percent

According to the text, ______ of students in Grades 7 through 12 have experienced harassment through electronic media such as Twitter and Facebook a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50

b. 30

What percentage of American families live below the poverty level? a. About 1% b. About 15% c. About 30% d. About 50%

b. About 15%

Which of the following is a latent function of education? a. Selecting and training individuals for positions in society b. Keeping children off the streets until they can be absorbed into productive roles in society c. Enhancing personal and social developments d. Promoting change and innovation

b. Keeping children off the streets until they can be absorbed into productive roles in society

What marriage system best characterizes the modern United States? A) Strict Monogamy B) Serial Monogamy C) Polygamy D) Polyandry

b. Serial Monogamy

Which of the following behaviors has recently been medicalized? A) Bipolar disorder B) Substance abuse C) Depression D) All of the above

b. Substance abuse

The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 allows _______ a. Twelve weeks of paid leave for the birth of a baby or adoption only b. Twelve weeks of unpaid leave for the care of a family member or because of the serious medical condition of the employee c. Six weeks of unpaid leave for the care of a family member or because of the serious medical condition of the employee d. Six weeks of paid and six weeks of unpaid leave for the care of a family member

b. Twelve weeks of unpaid leave for the care of a family member or because of the serious medical condition of the employee

Who is most likely to join a new religious movement (i.e., a cult)? A) a women in her mid-40s with 2 teenage children B) a 21-year-old college drop-out with no partner and no kids C) a 25-year-old female who is recently married with no kids D) a man in his mid-40s who was recently promoted to V.P. of his organization

b. a 21-year-old college drop-out with no partner and no kids

The U.S. divorce is the highest it has ever been A) True B) False

b. false

Eva wants to study the way that a major epidemic illness affects the educational and governmental institutions in a society. Eva is likely taking a ________ perspective. a. symbolic interactionist b. functionalist c. conflict d. feminist

b. functionalist

In 2014, approximately __________ of high school graduates who took the ACT met the college readiness benchmark in English, reading, math and science. a. one-tenth b. one-quarter c. one-third d. one-half

b. one-quarter

The Pledge of Allegiance is an example of a _______. A) sacred symbol B) ritual C) belief system D) All of the above

b. ritual

Group activities that reinforce ideas about the world through music, dancing, storytelling, and so on are __________. a. dogmas b. rituals c. symbols d. orthodoxies

b. rituals

The Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) allows 12 weeks _______ leave A) paid B) unpaid

b. unpaid

Which of the following sociologists is most closely associated with the concept of the sacred realm? a. Auguste Comte b. Émile Durkheim c. C. Wright Mills d. Peter Berger

b. Émile Durkheim

According to a Pew Foundation study, what percentage of current marriages in the United States involves spouses with different religious affiliations? a. 59% b. 49% c. 39% d. 29%

c. 39%

According to the text, there are roughly ____ million illiterate adults worldwide. a. 557 b. 657 c. 757 d. 857

c. 757

According to the Census Bureau's definition, what is not considered a family? a. A single mother and her two-year-old child b. A married couple and their adopted son c. A gay male couple who have lived together for 30 years d. All of the above would be defined as family by the Census Bureau.

c. A gay male couple who have lived together for 30 years

Statistically speaking, what would your religion be if you were born in South America? a. Islam b. Buddhism c. Catholicism d. Hinduism

c. Catholicism

Which of the following do functionalists not view as a social function of religion? a. Social cohesion b. "Blessing" social values and norms c. Distracting individuals from their own status in life d. Maintaining or changing the status quo

c. Distracting individuals from their own status in life

What is NOT a sociological question? A) How does religious service attendance affect women's mental health? B) How does parents' participation in conservative Protestant traditions affect their children's educational attainment? C) How does God's existence influence attitudes about same-sex marriage? D) Why do certain religious traditions appeal more to the lower classes?

c. How does God's existence influence attitudes about same-sex marriage?

Who is most likely to have a commuter marriage? A) Couples with less than a high school education B) Couples with a high school education C) Couples with college degrees (B.A. or B.S.) D) Couples with advanced degrees (Ph.D., M.D., etc.)

d. Couples with advanced degrees (Ph.D., M.D., etc.)

The statement "The educational system is not equally beneficial to all or even to the majority of citizens," most closely reflects ______. a. structural-functional theory b. rational choice theory c. conflict theory d. symbolic interaction theory

c. conflict theory

Diana attends Hebrew classes to learn more about her Jewish faith. The Hebrew classes are a(n) _________ means of religious socialization. a. personal b. impersonal c. formal d. informal

c. formal

A statue of the Virgin Mary is a _________. a. myth b. ritual c. symbol d. profane artifact

c. symbol

What percent of the US population is Christian? A) ~50 percent B) ~60 percent C) ~70 percent D) ~80 percent

c. ~ 70 percent

Denominations

centralized coordinating bodies or associations that link local congregations with a similar history and theology

Rituals

ceremonies or repetitive practices, often used to invoke a sense of awe of the divine and to make certain ideas sacred

What is an argument in favor of euthanasia? a. Physicians have the ability to help terminally ill patients die in comfort. b. Terminally ill people have the right to decide how and when they die. c. Legal safeguards prevent abuse of physician-assisted suicide. d. All of the above are arguments in favor of euthanasia.

d. All of the above are arguments in favor of euthanasia.

Which of the following is TRUE? a. Since 1980, more women in the United States have gone to and graduate from college than men. b. College attendance rates vary markedly by race and ethnicity. c. The gender pattern in college attendance and graduation exists across all U.S. racial groups. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

Which of the following is not one of the strategies students use to cope with school pressures presented in the text? a. Ritualism b. Rejection c. Innovation d. Divergence

d. Divergence

According to conflict theorists, the hidden curriculum is __________. a. a sorting mechanism b. a mechanism for teaching students expectations c. a mechanism for teaching students values d. a social and economic agenda that maintains class differences

d. a social and economic agenda that maintains class differences

The health disparities between the richest and poorest Americans are due to _______. A) Environmental conditions B) Job stress C) Work-family conflicts D) All of the above

d. all of the above

In the mid-20th century, the American Psychological Association (APA) considered homosexuality a disease. Since that time, the APA has reversed its stance. Homosexuality has become ________. a. labeled b. delabeled c. medicalized d. demedicalized

d. demedicalized

According to Robert Balch, the people who join NRMs have not been "brainwashed." What is his evidence? A) many members become disillusioned and leave B) many members reject certain beliefs that the group shares C) members often belong before they believe D) members engage in front-stage and back-stage behaviors E) All of the above

e. all of the above

illness

lack of health

shadow education

learning opportunities outside of school, such as tutoring, test prep, and summer programs

ability grouping

places students into different-level groups within classes

socialized medicine

provides a government supported consumer service that ensures equal access to health care for all citizens of a country

formal education

schooling that takes place in a formal setting with the goal of teaching a predetermined curriculum

Secularization

the diminishing influence and role of religion in everyday life; involves a movement away from supernatural and sacred interpretations of the world and toward decisions based on empirical evidence and logic

family of orientation

the family into which an individual is born or adopted

family of procreation

the family we create ourselves

civil religion

the set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that makes sacred the values of the society and places the nation in the context of transcendent meaning, often giving it divine significance

reproduction of class

the socioeconomic positions of one generation passing on to the next

extended families

two or more adult generations that share tasks and living quarters