Soci 100 - Homework - 4.1.Socialization: The Concept

Examples of Socilization

-a parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table -a child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone -someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke

Examples of situations in which an adult may need to be resocialized...

-dating after a divorce -being released from prison

Examples of breaching behavior in the United States...

-eating off someone else's plate without permission -staring intently at a stranger on a public bus

Groups of people in order from those that have the least leisure time to the most

-highly educated women -highly educated men -men with at most a high-school diploma

The statements that are tenets of symbolic interactionism...

-how people act toward things is based on the meanings those things have for them -the meanings of things are filtered by each individual's interpretive process -the meanings of things are generated by social interaction

What skills do Marines learn in boot camp as part of their socialization into the Marine Corps as a total institution?

-how to kill -how to carry and use the equipment they have been issued -how to conform to rules about personal attire and personal areas

Some tools for repairing social breaches (mistakes in the impression-management game...

-humor -an apology -a temporary suspension of the usual rules

Reasons why people violate social norms...

-ignorance of the norms -to study norms experimentally -desire to disturb onlookers -to smooth over an awkward situation

The reasons that marriage could be considered socially constructed...

-it has traditionally been used as a reason to make changes in one's life, even though these acts can be accomplished outside of marriage -it is represented by symbols such as a wedding ring -it includes rituals that many feel are meaningful

The case of "Anna," a young girl who spent the first five or so years of her life left alone in a dark attic, illustrates the role of socialization in human development. Based on this and other cases, identify what conclusions the researchers who cared for Anna reached.

-long-term social isolation stunts cognitive development -biological development and social development occur in synchronized stages

Some explanations for why middle-class children spend more time in structured activities, and disadvantaged children enjoy more unstructured time

-parents socialize their children based on their own experiences, and middle-class parents work long hours -structured activities, such as dance and music lessons, cost money and may be out of reach for disadvantaged families

Identify the spectator responses to a 1999 televised wrestling event that continued even though a wrestler had been killed in a pre-match stunt.

-spectators felt that the event should continue -spectators felt the event should have been stopped

Does the scenario on the right favor a nurture-based, nature-based, or neutral understanding of human development?

1. NEUTRAL: Two nonidentical children raised under different circumstances have different personality traits. 2. NURTURE: Identical twins raised under very different circumstances have very different personality traits. 3. NATURE: Identical twins raised under very different circumstances have similar personality traits.

The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by ___1___, while role conflict is about competing demands imposed by ___2___. A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first is experiencing role ___3___. A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child is experiencing role ___4___.

1. a single status 2. different statuses 3. strain 4. conflict

Adolescence is defined as a stage of life when young people are ___1___ but delayed in their assumption of ___2___.

1. biologically able to procreate 2. adult sexual roles

Elements in the order they might appear in a conversational script, according to Erving Goffman...

1. civil inattention 2. opening bracket 3. verbal encounter 4. closing bracket

According to psychiatrist Fadi Haddad, the rise in ADHD diagnoses and subsequent medication of children is due to a lack of flexibility in ___1___, long ___2___, and a lack of access to ___3___, in addition to actual mental health problems.

1. curriculum 2. work hours 3. psychiatrists

Historically, the idea that childhood is a distinct developmental stage is fairly recent. Place the events that led to its emergence in chronological order.

1. development of industrial factories 2. parents away from kids during work day 3. schools est. for kids while parents gone 4. passage of laws limiting child labor

As we grow older, we can ___1___ successfully with others because we have developed a sense of the ___2___, which stems from our ability to ___3___ others' expectations for our behavior.

1. function 2. generalized other 3. internalize

In order from when a developing child acquires them...

1. the self; I/me 2. individual significant others, such as parents 3. members of a reference group, such as a child's school class 4. the generalized other; one's fellow citizens

Classify each aspect of a school-age child's upbringing according to the characteristic parenting style.

Concerted Cultivation: -club league hockey on weekends -after-school music lessons -lots of conversation with parents Accomplishment of Natural Growth: -lots of time to hang out with friends

The following items in order, based on when the developing child acquires them...

Early to Later: 1. a sense of the self as "I," wanting and being able to do things 2. a sense of the self as "me," the object of others' perceptions 3. a sense of others as having their own needs and wants

Each event belonging to either on front stage or backstage in the dramaturgical theory of society...

Frontstage: -a manager tells a new employee that he will get the hang of things soon enough -a Marine drill sergeant berates a recruit for holding his rifle wrong Backstage: -a Marine drill sergeant tells his captain that a certain recruit is doing quite well, within earshot of the recruit -a shift manager expresses worry to his boss that a new employee may never get the hang of the job

Identify each gesture as either given or given off.

Given: -saying, "Oh, look at the time" -a broad smile and arms extended in embrace Given Off: -dilated pupils, indicating attraction -a momentary glance at one's watch

For a boy on a youth soccer team, socialization involves an appreciation of the perspectives of various "others." Use George Herbert Mead's theory to place each item in the appropriate circle.

Inner circle to outer circle: -the boy himself -the boy's best friend, part of the same team -players on both teams -spectators

Toward the end of her interview with Dalton Conley (8:09-9:31), Annette Lareau describes the difficulty one of her study subjects, a young African-American woman, had getting into college after being raised by the accomplishment of natural growth method. Identify the obstacles this student faced.

Obstacles: -poor SAT scores -lack of help in deciding where to apply -lack of transportation to visit prospective colleges Not Obstacles: -discrimination against female and minority applicants -lack of motivation to attend college

The case of "Anna," a young girl who spent the first five or so years of her life left alone in a dark attic, illustrates the role of socialization in human development. Identify the specific skills Anna lacked.

Skills Lacked: -normal responses to light and sound -normal motor control speech -high-level reasoning Skills Not Lacked: -normal digestive function

Status

a social position occupied by a person

Emerging Adult

age 18 into late 20s

Child

ages 0-10

Tween

ages 10-12

Adolescent

ages 12-18

According to several studies, disadvantaged children spend more time in unstructured activities than middle-class children. How much more?

almost half as much additional time

Sociologist C. J. Pascoe studied the enforcement of gender norms among boys at a working-class high school in California. In this video, she reports her findings. What did Pascoe discover about being gay versus being labeled a fag?

being gay was not approved, but it was not as bad as being a fag

In her interview with Dalton Conley, how does Lareau classify families as middle-class or working-class?

by education

Encouraging young girls to wear dresses and play with dolls while encouraging young boys to engage in contact sports are examples of ways some parents socialize their children into what?

gender roles

The Internet, by enabling us to obtain everything from music to vintage toys without leaving our home, sometimes without paying, is forcing us as a society to reconsider the meaning of ________.

stealing

Role Strain

tension between different roles associated with a single status

What is the definition of socialization?

the process through which individuals fit into a society and internalize its values, beliefs, and norms and learn to function as its members

Status Set

the set of different social positions occupied by a single person

Role

the set of duties and responsibilities associated with a particular social position

On which side of the nature-versus-nurture debate do sociologists generally land?

they focus on nurture

What is the central idea of ethnomethodology?

violate social norms and observe how people react

The Internet has taken some of the unpredictability and randomness out of human interactions. How might this be a bad thing?

we are less likely to be challenged by making friends with different backgrounds and interests from ours