social exam 3

According to research, which of the following is the most compassionate way to end a relationship?

Face-to-face breaking up.

According to balance theory, balance results in ________, while imbalance results in ________, and nonbalance results in ________.

a positive emotional state; a negative state; indifference

Jenny, a five year old, may be MOST likely to exhibit helping behavior after playing ________.

a prosocial video game

Dave has just been shown a composite face of 20 women. He will likely rate this face as ________ in attractiveness.

above average

If it is shared by several people, the task of pushing a stalled car is a(n)________.

additive task

Regarding the affect-attraction relationship on social influence, an ad agency is primarily concerned with ________ in order to sell a product.

arousing positive feelings

Paul, an active two-year-old, has developed a very secure attachment to his mother. In addition, his parents encourage Paul to watch TV shows such as Barney. As a result, Paul is likely to grow up to ________.

be a kind, empathetic person

A bystander may ultimately decide not to help when confronted with an emergency situation if the ________.

bystander fears potential negative consequences of trying to help

In one study, students from one school were asked to help students at another school. When the school to be helped had scored higher than the school of students asked to help, students offered more help to the school that was doing better than they were. This is called _______.

defensive helping

Marisa has relationships with men in which she feels worthy, but inevitably has low expectations of the relationship, leading her to fear genuine closeness. Marisa has a ________ attachment style.

dismissing

Social loafing is reduced when ________.

each group member makes a unique contribution to the task

Ruth volunteers at a homeless shelter two days a month. She finds that she looks forward to her volunteer days because she feels good when helping others. Her mood is elevated before she reaches the shelter and for a few days afterwards. This situation best represents the ________.

empathic joy hypothesis

Individuals with a thin and angular body shape are perceived as _______.

intelligent

Research shows that sexual attraction is a ________ but not ________ condition for being in love.

necessary; sufficient

Joining and belonging to a group often has a strong positive effect on the status of, and hence the self-esteem of, people who are motivated by ________.

self-enhancement

One's position or rank within a group is one's ________.

status

The repeated exposure effect is LEAST likely to generate positive evaluations when the ________.

stimulus initially generates strong negative affect

When indications of similar views on various topics are measured, the proportion of similarity is ________.

the ratio of similar views to total views (similar + dissimilar) expressed by two people

The finding that frequent contact with a mildly negative, neutral, or positive stimulus results in increasingly positive evaluations of that stimulus is known as ________.

the repeated exposure effect

Your friend Gretchen is notoriously rude to her partner. She never says anything nice or complimentary and frequently embarrasses her partner in front of others. Gretchen calls and leaves a very distressed message for you letting you know that her partner has dumped her and she really needs someone to talk to about it. Will you call Gretchen back?

No because you feel Gretchen is responsible for her own predicament.

Procedural justice involves individuals' judgments ________.

concerning the fairness of the procedures used to distribute available rewards among group members

One way in which the Internet has increased helping is by ____.

connecting us with people all over the world who we can help via organizations like kiva.org

When helping stems from ____ motives it generates more ___ reactions than when it stems from ___ motives.

external; negative; internal

The inhibiting effect of multiple bystanders to an emergency is lessened if the group of bystanders are ________.

friends

Bad feelings can come from being socially excluded. When this happens, people are more likely to ________.

not feel much empathy for others

Allen is running late for his social psychology class. He is hurrying across campus and is thinking about the instructor's reaction to his tardiness on an exam day. He passed by a small group of students clustered around someone who is lying on the ground, clutching his chest and gasping for breath. Allen did not stop to help because he simply was not aware of what was happening at the time. This failure to engage in prosocial behavior was probably due to Allen's ________.

not paying attention to the situation

When it comes to decisions, Ilene thinks she is bolder than her coworkers. In a recent meeting, she discovered that other workers in the office favored even bolder decisions. As a result, Ilene shifted toward an even bolder position herself. The process underlying Ilene's change is ________.

social comparison

The effect on our performance that results from the presence of others is ________.

social facilitation

Jason, Paul, and Mark are working on a group project for their social psychology class. Jason believes that Paul is not doing as much work on the project as he and Mark are doing. If Jason is accurate in his perception, Paul is engaging in ________.

social loafing

Walter has just watched the news of Hurricane Irene, including an interview with a man who is standing in knee deep water in his basement. Walter decides to go to the store and on his way sees a stranded motorist. The empathy-altruism model predicts that Walter will

stop and try to help because he remembers how it feels to be stranded on the side of the road.

Negative emotions in bystanders can increase the probability of helping behaviors if the emergency is not ambiguous, ________, and ________.

the negative emotions are not too intense; the helping behaviors are relatively interesting and satisfying

The bystander effect is ________.

the observation that the probability of a prosocial response to an emergency is influenced by the number of bystanders present

Attraction toward another increases if ________ and decreases if ________.

the other person produces positive affect; the other person produces negative affect

When individuals don't have all the information needed to make judgments about the fairness of a particular situation, they tend to rely on ________ as an indication of fairness.

their current affective state

In general, people doing volunteer work tend to help AIDS victims ________.

with a greater degree of willingness if the victim contracted the disease as a result of a blood transfusion

The choice to withdraw from a group is based in part on the conclusion that other group members ________.

can no longer be included within the self-concept

Sibling relationships differ from parent-child relationships because these relationships include _________.

hostility and affection

Amy is always trying to defeat others in all types of situations, even as inconsequential as seeing who can brush their teeth the fastest. Amy probably has a(n) ________ personal orientation toward social dilemmas.

competitive

According to Zajonc (2001), repeated encounters with a stranger generally allow ________ to decrease and ________ to increase.

negative emotions; positive emotions

In one study students were made to experience social exclusion or social inclusion by being told they would likely be alone in later life or that they would have a future rich in personal relationships. Results indicate participants who were

told they would be alone were less willing to help a fellow student.