Social Psychology of Phys Act MIDTERM

Performance goal

"I will be more consistent at the foul line by shooting 50 shots a day with the goal of hitting over 60% by the end of 2 weeks and 65% after." What type of goal is this?

What professional issues were led by the growing use of sport psychology practitioners during the 1980's?

"Is there an adequate scientific base for the practice of sport psychology? What kinds of services should be offered? Who is qualified to provide these services?" NO ANSWER IDENT

What is the effect of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation?

"It depends". Athletes who are intrinsically motivated and receive extrinsic rewards are not necessarily more motivated. Rewards however can also foster intrinsic motivation. NO ANSWER IDENT

According to most athletes, peak performance is

"behavior which exceeds one's average performance" and "it was like playing possessed, yet in complete control"

peak performance

"behavior which exceeds one's average performance" or "an episode of superior functioning"?

An athlete attempting to pursue a "socialized lived body"

"eat, drink, sleep and live the sport the athlete participates in"; the very core of their identities and actions

Sport participation is related to which 3 factors?

(1) a person's abilities, characteristics and resources; (2) the influence of significant others (3) the availability of opportunities

When athletes focus on outcome goals, the following usually happens

...unrealistic future expectations result and lead to lower levels of confidence, increased cognitive anxiety, decreased effort and poor performance

emotional state in the individualized Zone of Optimal Functioning model?

4 groups of emotional states: positive performance enhancing, positive performance impairing, negative performance enhancing, and negative performance impairing

With high arousal levels athletes often experience

: unpleasant emotional reactions associated with the autonomic nervous system; this is due to stress

What type of process is socialization into sports?

A continuous, interactive process grounds in the social and cultural contexts in which they lived

"An ethic of prowess"

A mind-set focused on using physical competence as a basis for evaluating self and other athletes. It existed because women want to neutralize the potentially negative effect that dominant ideas about gender could have.

Which of the following would most likely follow the pleasure & participation model?

Active participation (through connections and mind/body); a spirit of personal expression, enjoyment, growth and concern for all participants;

Control

An athlete's anxiety level decreases with a feeling of ________

What does the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sport measure?

Anxiety management, concentration, self-confidence, motivation, mental prep, and team emphasis

the abbreviation AASP

Association for the Applied Sport Psychology

TOPS- test of performance strategies

Attentional control is measured in which of the following tests?

attribute of coaches that may hinder a team's success

Coach's inability to deal with crises, unrealistic expectations, over coaching, inability to make decisive/fair decisions, inability to "keep it simple"

two considerations in the interactionism paradigm?

Considers person and environmental variable and their potential interaction.

What are the characteristics of the mental toughness pyramid?

Environmental influence, tough character, tough attitudes, tough thinking

Individuals certified by the AASP must observe

Ethical Standards

task characteristics

From an arousal perspective, the characteristics of a skill or activity are essential determinants of performance:

What are self-regulating training and psychic self-regulation used to control?

Heart rate, temp, and muscle tension. As well as emotional reactions to stressful situations such as zero gravity

characteristic of a successful athlete?

High self confidence and few self-doubts. Also concentration, automaticity, commitment, interest in improving, consistency.

AASP- Assosciation for applied sport psychology

In 1985 which association was formed by John Silva

1990's

In which decade did Sports Psych see a tremendous growth in academic position

Belief and focus

Jones proposed a mental toughness framework that contains two subcomponents of mental toughness:

A technique for developing awareness is:

Keeping a sport journal

negatively influence optimal performance

Organizational stress or concerns that arise because of the management of teams

What is believed to build character in many cultures?

Playing sports

The most useful part of the signal light analogy is that it:

Provides a vocabulary to address the awareness aspects of performance.

Interventions include:

Relaxation and activation techniques, concentration methods, thought control, and basic breathing techniques.

Eastern Europe

Sport psychology in_______ has a long history of devoting a great deal of attention to enhancing the performance of elite athletes through applied research & direct intervention.

What are some external influences on peak performance?

Teammates, coaches, fam members, & administrators.

According to McCormack & Chalip, there are two faulty assumptions of building character. One assumes that all athletes have the same or similar experiences. What is the second assumption?

That organized sports provide unique leaning experiences that are not available in other activities

Closure

The ability to evaluate a past performance, take in the feedback, and move on to focus on the next event is known as:

The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) assesses:

The athletes current cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self confidence.

Sociology

The study of the social worlds that people create, organize, maintain & change through their relationships with each other

multidimensional anxiety theory

The theory starting that there is a sudden drop off in performance after optimal anxiety levels

drive theory

The theory that performance equals a function of habit & drive

first step in controlling the inner excitement of a situation?

To be aware of one's arousal level and then to adjust it as needed.

The power & performance model emphasize which of the following factors?

Using strength, speed and power to push human limits; provide excellence through competitive success; willing to risk physical well being; exclusive processes; a chain of command; competing against opponents as if they are mortal enemies

1990s

What decade did professional organizations in sport psychology begin developing?

Which of the following is an example of intrinsic motivation for an athlete to play a sport?

When they play the sport out of personal choice-no example was provided in the textbook NO ANSWER IDENT

Which of the following is a specific example of an objective goal?

Winning a championship or making a team

Focused hitting

_______ involves hitting the ball to the exact location for example to the bearer's right, middle, & left.

keeping a sports journal

a technique used to increase performance awareness?

If self determined athletes use intrinsic motivation, than no -self determined athletes use

amotivation

State anxiety

an individual's anxiety at a particular moment

If an athlete has low performance expectations, it may lead to

decrease their commitment to training

ISSP - international society of sport psycology

first established professional organization for Sports Psychology?

Awareness

first step in gaining control in any pressure situation

Current studies of sports & socialization are based on a social interaction model which uses qualitative methods which include:

in depth interviews and field observations to study smaller collections of people over period of time.

One goal of psychological interventions

learn to consistently create the ideal mental climate that enables athletes to perform at their best. NO ANSWER IDENT

Bruce Ogilvic

numerous contributions in Sport Psychology is now considered the father of applied sport psychology in North America?

Peak performance is a consequence of?

physical and mental factors

According to sociologist Ivan Waddington, which of the following are considered the healthiest of all physical activity:

rhythmic, non-competitive exercises in which individuals control and regulate their own body movements

People define & give meaning to sport experiences in connection with their

social relationships

Coleman Griffith

the Father of Sports Psychology

In order to achieve peak performance, skill level must match?

the demand or challenge of the situation

A task goal approach focuses on

the development of personal competence and realization of task mastery

intrinsically motivated

the state of an athlete who participates in an activity for its inherent satisfactions

An athlete is considered "burned out" when

they feel their high performance activity takes control of their life. This occurs in young athletes who feel their sport has produced more stress than fun.

a common problem in setting goals

time commitment