Social sciences quiz 1

Social biology

A combination of sociological and biological of reflections that theorize a genetic basic for human behavior. Edward O. Wilson , Harvard entomologist, is a leader in sociobiology.

The nature of society? Part two

A group of individuals living as members of a community. Characteristics shaped by generations. Society group must be bound by shared relationship and be organized. not groups are societies.

Roman civilization (City state of Rome modern Italy)

Caser(king) elected .senate provides ruling authority. Patricians and plebeians.

Post Renaissance

Central economies shift to mercantilism. Nation states emerge: voyages of discovery. Trade routes expand. War between and within nations. Age of evolutions political changes in economic changes.

What is revolution evolution? How do they differ?

Change and I basic institutions must be gradual. Take place by evolution rather than revolution. Social evolution another complete. Bring a few of the results that were envisioned.

Roman civilization ( Roman Empire emerges ( fourth century BC)

Christianity becomes the states religion. Rules for centuries. Overtakes incorporate Greek civilization. Shapes modern western civilization.

How did it affect culture

Cultivation of land, domestication of animals, and creation of communities.

Cultural integration is?

Cultural universals: religion. Cultural alternatives : exalting of age ( not all in societies) . Cultural integration: more diversity.

Punctuated equilibrium

Darwin. Gradual change, natural selection process and microevolution.

What Is case method? (Alternative methods used by social sciences).

Detailed examination / analysis of single issue. Can be limiting .

Comparative / cross cultural method ( alternate method used by social scientist)

Detailed studies of cultural patterns . Sometimes difficult to define terms.

Romans influence on modern western civilization ( personal )

Dominance of family. Authority of women in household matters. Women's property rights. Networking. Ingenuity in solving technical problems. Calendar system.

Romans influence on modern Western civilization ( government)

Efficient flexible and humane government. Military industrial complex. Political patronage. Reliance on engineering. Concept of empire. Lure of city life. Flexible legal system.

Gradual change also father of stop and go

Eldredge and Gould. Long periods of stability followed by sudden changes. Macroevolution.

Civilization in the middle ages part 2

European isolation. Reliance and agriculture. Feudal estates ruled by lords. Christianity flourishes ( church gains power).

Human origin

First appeared in Africa. About 5 to 7 million years ago. Ape ancestors. Evolution produced first human like creatures.

How did government begin to emerge

France and Germany and put a strong central government on Europe. Administrative systems emerge. feudal system declines. Towns grow so plus and trade increase.

Greek civilization

Heyday from 2000 to 1200 BC. IN 700 to 500 BC new Greek civilization emerged POLIS: Political community.

How did agriculture change

Humans previously were roving hunters.

What are three theories of social change?

Ideal golden age : Greek philosophers , yielded into silver, bronze and iron ages. Doctrine of inevitable progress: world getting better and better, popularity in modern US and Europe. Cyclical change: normal cycles of growth, climax and decline.

Age of revolution

Industrial Revolution. Began in England and spread rapidly. Increases up with the power of merchants. Increase in immigration to cities. Middle class grows in numbers power. American and French revolutions. Conflict and wars continue.

Ethnocentrism

Judging other cultures by your own value system. You are the center. Your culture is the best.

Mesopotamian society top to bottom

King- God , military aristocracy ,priesthood , landless peasants , and slaves.

Wall of human societies

Knowledge , Beliefs, art, morals , and customs.

What are homo habilis?

Man with tool making ability EXTINCT.

Evolution stages

One cell organisms. Primates. Apelike species. Hominids.

What is ideology

Organized system of ideas.

Development of cities

Political institutions emerge : protection leadership in exchange for goods (small villages). Disputes /surplus: lead to establishment of kingdoms (coalition of villages). As kingdoms increase in size so does power/divinity of leaders.King-God figures emerge.

Darwin and evolution. What is human evolution?

Popularized by English biologist Charles Darwin. Concept of natural selection. The origin of species (1859) and the descent of man (humans).

What is human mutation?

Random genetic changes . May be natural , beneficial, or fatal. Increased by chemical/ radiation exposure. On genetic level, involves changes in alleles.

Genetic engineering

Rearranging genetic materials to make new life forms. DNA structure discovered in 1953. Gene splicing makes gene manipulation possible (1970) . Proteomics and cloning.

What are Homo sapiens?

Reasoning Man, MODERN. Larger brains better tools. Supplants all other hominids. Ancestor of all modern humans.

Renaissance?

Rebirth from ancient Greek and Roman ideas. Renewed emphasis on reason and critical thinking in the arts. Protestant reformation Took Place: Martin Luther. Challenged popes authority, corruption. Religion with stronger role for individuals. Growth of European states.

Limitations of cultural lag theory

Same sex marriage, (make adjustments such as adoption.)

Importance of communities

Settle in one place. Accumulate and pass on possessions. Permanent food supply last time for other endeavors. Population growth results.

Important elements of culture include

Social norms , social institutions , material products , language, and social values.

Elements of culture

Social norms : conventions , mores, and laws. Social institutions, technology, material products, language, and social values.

Cultural contrast

Social problems can exist within and between societies. Cultural relativism: all cultures of the world are equally valid. Examine cultures in their context. Mount be judged relative to cultures value system.

What is the interdisciplinary approach?

Social scientist with different specialities. Work together on social problems. Result may lead to greater tolerance and cooperation among diverse groups and nations.

Nature of society

Society shaped and change the innovations and people who belong to it. Bound together by established relationships. Must be organized.

What is natural selection?

Some characteristics more favorable for survival. Survival of the fittest.

Cultural lag Theory

Source of social disorganization. 1922 by William ogburn. Raised questions about ethical morals stem cell.

What is cultural diffusion

Spreading culture from one area of the world to another through trade routes.

What are two factors stabilizing culture

Stability of social norms : humans conservative about change. Habit. Value attachment: More's that strong values attachment. Vested interest : status that relies on status quo so resist change.

Three factors stabilizing culture are

Stability of social norms, habit, and value attachment.

Factor causing cultural change

Technological development, cultural diffusion, ideas and ideologies, collective action, geography and climate.

Five factors that cause cultural to change are

Technology, cultural diffusion, ideas and ideologies, collective action, and geography and climate.

The cultural lag theory states

That a change in any one part of culture may create strains and disturbances in the closely related parts.

The doctrine of cultural relativism states

That all cultures are for the most part equally valid.

Method used by social scientist when there is problems

The functionalist theory approach. The exchange theory approach , the conflict theory approach , the symbolic interaction theory approach.

Three popular theories of cultural change include

The good old days theory, the world is getting better theory , and the change runs in cycles theory.

What is culture and what does it in body?

Total pattern of human behavior and its products. It embodies thought ,Speech,shared language ,and actionartifacts.

What are homo erectus?

Upright man, EXTINCT.

Methods of social scientist

Utilize scientific method , more complex than physical sciences , controlled experiments difficult. Careful observation, use abstractions, calculate effects

How does society evolve?

War related activities. Human social development. Development of agriculture. Events of industrial revolution. The Internet: Facebook ,Twitter, linkedin.

Define common sense

What we know to be true. Educated common sense is rational though based on observation and best information available.

Civilizations in the Middle Ages part 1

Wondering tribes defeat the Romans (476 AD) . Roman culture spreads north into Europe. Muslim culture Spurgeon to north Africa Spain and Portugal (moors)

What is multiculturalism?

All individuals in culture I'm not exactly alike. In the United States is multicultural lesson. It's a blend of overlapping cultures , subculture similarities hold us together , US culture is a composite of subcultures , challenge is finding the correct mix.

What does anthropology deal with and how?

Both physical and cultural

Apes and humans similarities and also differences

Brain size and complexity. Normal posture. Use of symbols. Abstract thought.

Darwin and evolution . What is evolution?

process of progressive change

Historical methods .(Alternate methods used by social sciences )

tracing and analyze historical Events