Social Studies

10. Over the period illustrated by the line graph, the rate at which eligible black voters participated in presidential elections,

B. Steadily increased, surpassing that of white voters in the 2012 elections

7. In many Latin American countries, control passes back-and-forth between military and civilian rule. Generally, when a civilian government rules, it tries to improve conditions for the nations citizens, but these attempts lead to turmoil And Civil unrest. In response, the military takes power and imposes strict controls on the Populace. Such shifts have taken place in Argentina, Peru, and Chile in recent decades. Which of the following is highly valued by those who favor military rule?

D. Law and order the hallmark of a military rule as strict control over the citizenry; in other words, law and order.

6. Most Americans believe it is their duty as citizens to take part in our system of government. Which of the following actions presents participation in government?

D. Serving on a jury service on a jury, like voting, is a civic duty of each citizen. It is a way to participate in the judicial branch of government. Note that although choice (B) Displaying the American flag, is a patriotic act, it does not involve participating in government in anyway and so it's not a way of participating in the political system.

Based on this map, what are the three sides of the triangle in the triangular trade

1. B. The west Indies to the British colonies; the British colonies to Africa; Africa to the west Indies according to the map, the west Indies exported sugar and molasses to the British colonies in North America. The British colonies exported rum to Africa. Finally, Africa exported slaves and gold to the West Indies. The trade routes formed a triangle. 2. A. Cargo ships never had to sell empty on any leg of profitable triangular journey. This is a general conclusion that is supported by the details of the map, which shows goods traveling along each leg of the triangular trade route. Therefore, a very profitable journey must have meant a ship carried cargo on each leg of the roof. The remaining options state details that may or may not be confirmed by the map.

10. After the Civil War, southern states passed Jim Crowe laws, which kept whites and blacks apart in public places like restaurants, buses, and restrooms. In an 1896 case, Plessy V. Ferguson, The US Supreme Court upheld a Louisiana law requiring separate railroad cars for white and black passengers. The court ruled that it was constitutional to have "separate but equal" facilities for whites and blacks and other minorities. The court reasoned that "legislation is powerless to eradicate racial in stinks or to abolish distinctions." One justice dissented, saying that the decision was "inconsistent with the personal liberty of citizens, white and black."

10. Which of the following is an opinion rather than a fact? D. The US Supreme Court ruling in Plessy V. Ferguson was wrong because it infringed on freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.

4. 5. Somerville has had a long history of corruption. From the 1960s to the 1980s, it's mayor, counselors, and tax assessors were involved in a complex network of bribery and favors. The "strong mayor" system of government is responsible for this corruption; in the history of Massachusetts, all but a single instance of municipal corruption occurred under a strong mayor government.. Because that tainted system is still in place to this day Somerville, the current mayor must be viewed with strong suspicion.

4. Which of the following words or phrases is based on the authors opinion, not fact? B. Tainted system "tainted" is a loaded word that indicates the authors briefly that a "strong mayor" system is inherently corrupt. 5. Is the authors conclusion properly supported by evidence? D. No, because no indication is given that the current mayor will behave as past mayors did. A strong-mayor system may enable, but does not guarantee, corruption. Past corruption is not by itself enough reason to have a strong suspicion toward the current government

5. & 6. It is known that a significant quantity of oil exist within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge of Alaska (ANWR). Shockingly, there are many who would have us ignore this incredible resource housed right within our na to opal borders. One commonly cited reason against drilling for oil in the ANWR is that the drilling process would endanger the existence of the porcupine caribou, whose calving grounds encompass much of the region, but science has shown us that as many as 99% of all the species that once existed on earth are now extinct, and the vast majority of these extinctions were Not caused by humans. Clearly, then, extinctions are a sad but natural aspect of life on earth, and we have no reason not to drill in the ANWR

5. - D. The argument is invalid, because it attempts to refute one reason against doing something while ignoring other possible reasons. 6. - A. Some people depend on the porcupine caribou for food.

After World War II Germany was split into two nations democratic west Germany and communist east Germany. West Germany was under the control of the victorious allies, who formed an alliance called the north Atlantic Treaty organization. In 1955, NATO Decided to allow west Germany to join NATO and to re-arm. In response, the US SR. (That is, the Soviet Union) and a number of communist eastern European countries formed what they called a "treaty of friendship, Co-operation, and mutual assistance," commonly referred to as the Warsaw Pact. In the Warsaw Pact, the communist countries agreed to band together if one of them was attacked, and the smaller communist countries agreed to put their military forces under the command of the Soviet Union.

7/8. Some historians believe that, in forming the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet union wanted to create a buffer between itsself and NATO countries. How does the map support that view? B. The map shows that most of the Warsaw Pact countries lay between the Soviet Union and western countries, including France, west Germany, and Great Britain. The map could be used to dispute which one of the following claims? A. In forming the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet union greatly increased its access to oceanic coastlines

8. 9. See chart on paper.

8. C. The French president has the power to dissolve the legislature, while the US president does not. 9. B. Of all the presidents shown, the French president has the greatest variety of powers.

What is the average (arithmetic mean) yearly rainfall, in inches, of the three northern most states in New England. State. Avg. rainfall/year Connecticut 47 inches Maine. 41 inches Use Massachusetts. 45 inches New Hampshire 42 inches Use Rhode Island 44 inches Vermont 39 inches Use

A. 40 2/3 Sum 41+42+39 divided by 3

With the passage of the 15th amendment in 1870 all African Americans were given the right to vote throughout the United States. However, many southern states quickly enacted legislative barriers to disenfranchise these new voters. Provisions such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause prevented many African Americans from exercising their rights. For nearly one hundred years, these restrictions persisted in many southern states. The civil rights movement which gained national momentum in the 1950s, sought to address this unequal treatment in voting rights laws. Finally in 1965 the votin brights act provided for federal oversight of states that had previously raised unfair barriers to African American voting and outlawed discriminatory measures such as poll taxes and literacy tests. Voter participation among African Americans dramatically increased in the following years.

C. The voting rights act of 1965 gave the Federal Government oversight of state rleftions to end barriers agaisnt african american voting.

To address the nation's financial insolvency after the revolutionary war, George Washington turned to his secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton proposed creating a national bank, which would help to pay back the nations debt and stabilize the nations currency. Immediately, Hamilton faced stiff opposition from those who believed in a strict construction of the constitution.

Interpretation

3. Several types of U.S.banking institutions and some of their main services are described below. Federal reserve banks, control the nations monetary policies and maintain stability of the banking and financial systems. Commercial banks accept deposits, make loans, and provide related services to corporations and other businesses. Retail banks provide savings and checking accounts, mortgages, personal loans, and debit and credit cards to consumers. Commercial development banks serve residence and spur economic development in low to moderate income areas. Credit unions provider members with checking and savings accounts, mortgages, and other services at a lower interest rate than other financial institutions.

QUESTION 3. At which type of financial institution would the ABC Printing Company be most likely to take out a loan to finance the purchase of a new printing press B. Commercial bank according to the descriptions, commercial banks provide services to businesses and other corporations. None of the other descriptions describe financial institutions making loans to companies. They focus either on national financial systems or individual borrowers.

3. & 4. In an attempt to make consumers more aware of the nutritional value of the foods they purchase, the Food and Drug Administration is attempting to impose strict new regulations on all food retailers. These regulations would require that the caloric information of each food product be clearly posted on the premises, typically through signs that would be expensive to create and maintain. While these regulations would place a financial burden on all food retailers - an expense that would necessarily be passed on to consumers-the regulations would be particularly devastating to smaller restaurants, grocery stores, and convenience stores that offer fresh food items. To relieve this burden on smaller businesses, Congress has proposed the common sense nutritional disclosure act, which would exempt smaller food establishments that primarily sell prepackaged foods from having to post on site informs to on. Also, under this legislation, restaurants that take most of their orders remotely can post caloric information online.

What is the authors point of view regarding the FDAs new food regulations? - A. The FDA's new regulations would place a financial hardship on small food retailers. Which one of the following words points to the authors viewpoint regarding the FDAs strict new regulations? - C. Devastating