Social Work Chap 8

Autism

A neurobiological disorder that generally appears before 3 and affects the normal development of the brain in areas of social interaction, communication skills, and cognitive functions

Social Stigma

A stain on the way a person is perceived that leads him or her to be shunned by others

Disability

A temporary or permanent reduction in function However, social workers prefer to use the terms: physical and cognitive challenges and abilities

Orthopedic problems

Are diseases or defects of the muscles and bones that cause people not to be able to move normally

Learning disabilities

Are neurological disorders that can make it difficult to acquire certain academic and social skills

Independent living centers

Began to appear in the late 1960s and began to espouse the principles of self determination and deinstitutionalization

Income Support

Besides SSI, the SOcial security Disability Insurance program provides long term income support to workers whose special needs prevent them from working, no matter the cause of their challenges Disability insurance WOrker's compensation SSI all fall under the category of income support

Intellectual Disabilities

Characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior

Down Syndrome/trisomy 21

Chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome

Epilepsy

Is a brain disorder that causes a person to have recurring seizures

Cerebral Palsy

Is a chronic condition affecting control of the body and/or likb movement, muscle tone, and coordination.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Is a pattern of physical and mental defects that develop in some unborn babies when their mom drinks alcohol (or uses drugs) during pregnancy

Developmental challenge

Is a severe chronic condition that manifests before the age of 22 and is likely to continue indefinitely.

Neurocognitive impairment

Is an encompassing term to describe any neurocognitive characteristic that blocks the cognition process

Fragile x syndrome

Is the most common cause of inherited mental in capacities. The impact can range from learning disabilities to more severe cognitive or intellectual disabilities

Functional challenges

Limit a person's ability to perform physical activities, and they often can be ameliorated with assistive devices or technology's

—-was the term formerly used to describe intellectual disabilities

Mental retardation

Categorical challenges

People with categorical challenges have a significant sensory impairment or mental illness and have developmental delays. They are likely to need long term care ans are eligible for special education

Leader-Willi syndrome

The commonly known genetic cause of life-threatening obesity in children

Community Living Initative

The initiative developed and implemented innovative strategies that increase opportunities for Americans with special needs and older adult to enjoy meaningful community living

Traumatic Brain Injury

Usually results from a violent blow to the head or body, or when an object penetrates the skull. Such an injury can have wide-ranging physical and psychological effects due to damage to the brain

Special Needs

a broad range of physical, mental, social, and behavioral challenges that impact learning. The causes leading to special needs are more mundane than imagined

public accomodations

accommodations which allow a person with a handicap to particpate fully in the community

person-first language

emphasizes the person, not the challenging condition. It's meant to empower the person.

Genetic Counseling

provides information and support to people who hace, or may be at risk for, genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia and Down syndrome

Deinstitutionalization

the removal of individuals with psychiatric disorders from mental hospitals and large residential institutions to outpatient community mental health centers

Rehabilitation

these services are available to people with physical, developmental, and cognitive challenges.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

written to protect persons with challenges from discrimination based on stigma. the ADA defines disability as any physical or mental/cognitive challenges that substantially limit one or more major life activities such as caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, or working