Sources of Modern Design Quiz 2

Raymond Loewy

'the man who shaped america,' French-American -best known for his designs for steam locomotives and refrigerators -most charismatic- showman of design in the corporate world -Trained as engineer, began work as merchandising designer -Major clients: Sears, Pennsylvania Railroad, Coca-Cola -"Most Advanced Yet Acceptable" -TIME, October 31, 1949 First designer to appear on Time cover -Never Leave Well Enough Alone: The Pictorial Record of an Industrial Designer -Had to do with fashion and apparel design -Born in France and emigrated to NYC -Advertising and window design for Sacks Fifth Ave. -Doing product, identity, comprehensive systems for companies -Worked for NASA- the suits for people going into space -Part of the pioneer generation of designers in America

The Bauhaus and its faculty, curriculum, locations

-"the school of building" -The Bauhaus: the merger of the school of applied arts created by Walter Gropius -similar to DAAP, had senior capstone, as well as projects where group members were from different majors Weimar, Dessau, Berlin

7. Wassily Kandinsky

-Russian painter; did studies of line, color, and cartoons - master at the Bauhaus -pioneer in modern art, often credited with the first fully abstract painting in 1910. -taught color theory and its relationship to psychology and music at the Bauhaus. -Wrote "Concerning the Spiritual in Art" and "Point and Line to Plane"

MoMA

-museum of modern art -founded in late 1920's -The Museum maintains an active schedule of modern and contemporary art exhibitions addressing a wide range of subject matter, mediums, and time periods, highlighting significant recent developments in the visual arts and new interpretations of major artists and art historical movements.

Carew Tower & Netherland Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati

49 story, at one time the tallest building the America constructed prior to WWII named after Joseph T. Carew, proprietor of the Mabley & Carew department store chain,

Crystal Palace Exhibition

A cast-iron and plate-glass structure originally built in Hyde Park, London, England, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851.

Dymaxion Car

A concept car designed by Buckminster Fuller in 1933. Its name is a brand name that Fuller gave to several of his inventions, to emphasize that he considered them part of a more general project to improve humanity's living conditions

Netherland Plaza Hotel

A fine example of French Art Deco architecture used as the model for the Empire State Building in New York City. hotel's Hall of Mirrors banquet room was inspired by the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles.

Frank Lloyd Wright

American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1000 structures and completed 532 works. Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States. designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. - Designed fireproof furniture

Constructivism

An artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1919 Great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as Bauhaus and De Stijl movement.

Futurism

An artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. Glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city. Embraced science, technology, and nationalism favored by Italian Fascism Marinetti, Boccioni, Balla

Cincinnati Union Terminal

Art Deco passenger railroad station in the Queensgate neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. the building was converted to other uses, and now houses museums, theaters, and a library, as well as special travelling exhibitions. Designed by Alfred T. Fellheimer and Steward Wagner, Paul Philippe Cret and Roland Wank The Rotunda features the largest semi-dome in the western hemisphere

William Morris

Art Nouveau designer Great Britain Morris & Co. - manufacturer Great Britain, established • Peacock and Dragon designed 1878 • Jacquard-woven wool • Collection of the National Gallery of Australia

Harold Van Doren

Chicago native who grew up in New Jersey studied at the Art Students League in NYC following WWI, then headed to Paris where he worked as an artist for the Chicago Tribune newspaper's Paris office, and lectured at the Louvre. By the mid 1920s he was back in America writing free lance articles and working as an assistant director of the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. first major clients were the Toledo Scale Company (using new plastics, like Plaskon), Air King radios, American National tricycles and scooters, Maytag washing machines and a gasoline pump for the Wayne Pump Company. color consultant for Plaskon used by Toledo Scale, designs for Wayne Pump, First person to write a textbook in 1940 on industrial design- used until the 1960s (Industrial Design: A Practical Guide to Product Design and Development ) Part of the pioneer generation of designers in America

Charles Kettering

Director of GM Research, 1920-1947 • Tetraethyl lead (ethyl/leaded) gasoline • Freon refrigerant for GM Frigidaire refrigerators and most air conditioning systems • Diesel engines, for stationary power generating, boats/ships, and railroad locomotives

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Director of German Bauhaus 1930-1933, then director of the architecture department of the Chicago Bauhaus (Illinois Institute of Technology) created an influential twentieth-century architectural style, stated with extreme clarity and simplicity. His mature buildings made use of modern materials such as industrial steel and plate glass to define interior spaces. He strove toward an architecture with a minimal framework of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of free-flowing open space..

Art Deco

Emerged from the Interwar period when rapid industrialization was transforming culture. One of its major attributes is an embrace of technology. This distinguishes Deco from the organic motifs favored by its predecessor Art Nouveau

Lyonel Feininger

Expressionism, cartoonist First faculty appointment at Bauhaus, and became the master artist in charge of the printmaking workshop. He designed the cover for the Bauhaus 1919 manifesto: an expressionist woodcut 'cathedral'. He taught at the Bauhaus for several years

Walter Gropius

Founder and First Director of Bauhaus from 1919 to 1928 A German architect who is considered one of the founders of modern architecture. In 1923, designed what is now the modern door-handle. stablished the Architect's Collaborative (TAC) in 1945

Deutsche Werkbund (DWB)

German Association of artists, architects, designers and industrialists important event in development of modern architecture and industrial design establish a partnership of product manufacturers with design professionals to improve the competitiveness of German companies in global markets. State-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive

Piet Mondrian, De Stijl

He started in the cubism by drawing a tree but as the years passed by the tree became more and more abstract until it lost almost all resembles to an actual tree. Uses primary colors in his cubism paintings

Streamlining

Improves business process efficiencies by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps Streamline Modern as synthesis of product engineering and emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements Movement of machine through space, movement of humans in space Mostly about aesthetics than science- a metaphor for progress

Filippo Marinetti

Italian Poet, graphic designer Founded Futurist movement: Futurist Manifesto, 1909

Arts & Crafts movement

Led by William morris It stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple forms and often applied medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration. It advocated economic and social reform and was essentially anti-industrial

AEG

Modernist movement, turbine factory

Charles Mackintosh & Margaret Mackintosh

Most important couple Glasgow school of art Stone work for most of the wall Scottish equivalent of art noveau Mixture of masonry and stone work and glasswork Scottish Architect, designer, water colorist members of collaborative group the Four

Marcel Breuer

One of the youngest students, very talented and put as the head of the carpentry shop Taught at the Bauhaus teaching in the architecture department -metal work, architect, head of the furniture studio designed chair with metal legs, then just fabric seats sewn around these tubular steel frames (for picnics and camping with family) Bauhaus shaped him into a personal architecture that made him one of the world's most popular architects at the peak of 20th-Century design.

Norman Bel Geddes

Started as theater designer, display designer who then focused on aerodynamics Published book Horizons (1932) designed the General Motors Pavilion, known as Futurama, for the 1939 New York World's Fair. an exhibit/ride at the 1939 New York World's Fair presented a possible model of the world 20 years into the future introduced the world to expressways connecting the nation

Henry Dreyfuss:

Streamlining and branding design for NY Central Railroad; human factors design: anthropometric data for designers; icon and pictogram design dramatically improved the look, feel, and usability of dozens of consumer products. Not a stylist: he applied common sense and a scientific approach to design problems. His work both popularized the field for public consumption, and made significant contributions to the underlying fields of ergonomics, anthropometrics, and human factors. Studied as an apprentice under Norman Bell Geddes

Hermann Mathesius

Waistline high in women clothing Would often look at modern architecture

VKhuTeMas

Was the Russian state art and technical school founded in 1920 in Moscow, replacing the Moscow Svomas. workshops were established by a decree from Vladimir Lenin with the intentions, in the words of the Soviet government, "to prepare master artists of the highest qualifications for industry, and builders and managers for professional-technical education." The school had 100 faculty members and an enrollment of 2,500 students.

Gerrit Rietveld

a Dutch furniture designer and architect. One of the principal members of De Stijl famous for his Red and Blue Chair the Schröder-Schräder house, House had the primary colors standard in the De Stijl style, it was also provocative because of the use of new material such as the metal exposed outside the house. It also featured walls that could be moved to create different spaces.

Wiener Werkstätte

a production community of visual artists in Vienna, Austria bringing together architects, artists and designers.

Cincinnati Subway

a set of incomplete, derelict tunnels and stations for a rapid transit system beneath the streets Largest abandoned subway tunnel in the United States. Built in the early twentieth century as an upgrade to the Cincinnati streetcar system, Abandoned due to escalating costs, the collapse of funding amidst political bickering, and the Great Depression during the 1920s and 1930s.

De Stijl, The Netherlands:

a. Dutch for "The Style", also known as neoplasticism, Dutch artistic movement in 1917 in Amsterdam. b. pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and color. c. simplified visual compositions to the vertical and horizontal directions, and used only primary colors along with black and white. d. Van doesburg

Peter Behrens

architect, designer and educator founding member go DWB considered first industrial designer Typeface designer AEG showed at Paris world fair (art noveau) Dressed like the artist Frank Lloyd Wright, stiff collar ·Beginning of a gridded system

Eduard Wimmer

artist who worked in various avenues, including fashion, decorative arts, theatre, and interior design. also a professor at several institutions throughout his long career. first attended the Handelsakademie (Commercial Academy), then the Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Applied Arts), Served as first artistic director of the fashion department from 1910 to 1922. he was once described as the "Poiret of Vienna." He contributed designs for furniture, metalwork, jewelry, fashion and accessories, textiles, leather, and bookbinding

Christopher Dresser

botanist, designer and theorist, design consultant and importer - began making 1860 art deco versions of flowers and plants - student of Owen Jones - Designer for Wedgwood - Set out to go across America only 7 years after the transportation became available, then went across the Pacific on a hybrid boat (sails and coal engines)

Le Corbusier

described as a "machine for living in" the Pavillon de l'esprit nouveau suggested that the basis of a design for modern living was to be found in the efficiency and economy of the office rather than in the luxury and individuality of the traditional home relied more upon the skills of the engineer than those of the artist.

Owen Jones

designer and theorist Drawn to Islamic cultural art because there was no representation of figures instead all motifs and patterns "all ornament should be based upon a geometrical construction" arguments about decorative and useful wares nature vs. machine

Henry Van de Velde

director of the school of the art, lost his job at the start of war a Belgian painter, architect and interior designer main founder and representative of Art Nouveau

Automobiles

early steam-powered (kerosene), electric, and internal combustion (gasoline)

Herbert Bayer

graphic designer, painter, photographer, sculptor, art director, environmental and interior designer, and architect, recognized as the last living member of the Bauhaus studied the letter, drafted alphabets created typography created for letter press as well as lithograph

Cincinnati Industrial Expositions

held in Cincinnati between 1870 and 1888 to showcase the products of Cincinnati business owners. Alfred Trabor Goshorn established expositions, president of a paint manufacturing business from midwest across US musicians, business men, inventors, artists illustrated Cincinnati's important contributions to culture and technology during the late 1800s.

Art Deco Exposition

in Paris, 1925 this exhibition epitomized what came to be called decades later a "modern" style characterized by a streamlined classicism, geometric and symmetric compositions, and a sleek machine-age look fashionable products of the luxury market architecture had a lack of ornamentation

Adolf Loos

radical examinations were restricted to architecture, was an Austrian and Czechoslovak architect. He was influential in European Modern architecture, and in his essay Ornament and Crime he abandoned the aesthetic principles of the Vienna Secession. explored the idea that the progress of culture is associated with the deletion of ornament from everyday objects Stripped-down buildings influenced the minimal massing of modern architecture, and stirred controversy

Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, 1876

the first official World's Fair in the United States, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia. Officially named the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine, on fairgrounds designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann. Nearly 10 million visitors attended the exhibition and thirty-seven countries participated in it.