Sparta - Spartan Government [COMBINED]

the kings had a bodyguard of _ picked men

100

sparta always had _ kings at one time from two royal families, the agiads and the _. the first-born _ would be the one to claim the _ after his father had become king.

2, eurypontids, son, throne

_ ephors would accompany a king on _ campaigns and would _ back on their performance

2, military, report

one king would be accompanied by _ ephors on military campaigns and could be _ for their decisions.

2, scrutinised

there were _ ephors, elected every _ by the _

5, year, ecclesia

the spartiates in the ecclesia voted through clapping or shouting, called _, but if this was not clear then they were _ depending on their vote.

acclamation, divided

it was claimed the _ and the eurypontids were descendants of _ though it's likely that the _ kingship happened when early _ of sparta joined together to form a larger political unit - we called this '_' which meant 'living together'

agiads, heracles, dual, villages, synoecism

the kings' heirs did not go through the _, probably because they didn't need to be trained to obey _

agoge, laws

if the gerousia decided that they did not _ with the overall vote by the ecclesia, they simply could _ and _ the proposal

agree, overrule, withdraw

the ecclesia is sometimes mistakenly called '_' meaning 'assembly'

apella

the ecclesia was the _ for all _ spartiates over the age of _

assmebly, adult, 30

aristotle - kings shouldn't inherit the throne by royal _ but should be chosen through _ and skills. should be picked because you're good for the job. kings have harmed society

blood, characteristics

the gerousia acted as a _ for criminal cases and could administer punishments like the _ penalty, _ and _.

court, death, exile, fines

xenophon - the kings are _-gods

demi

_ = power rests with the people. e.g. ephors, gerousia, ecclesia, could depose kings. but the only had main power as ephor for a short time and gerousia could overrule any democracy (those in gerousia included oligarchy kings)

democracy

_ = power rests with the people. e.g. ephors as they were elected by the _ and changed every year; gerousia as they were elected by the ecclesia; the ecclesia itself because it is a feature open to all _ citizens over the age of _ and could vote on bills - though the gerousia, non-democratically could withdraw this. kings could be _ in front of gerousia and ephors if people did not like their performance

democracy, ecclesia, male, 30, deposed

the ecclesia was the most _ part of the spartan _ despite women, _ and _ being excluded from voting

democratic, system, perioeci, helots

ecclesia undermined: kings, could _; ephors, could rule against their decisions (though gerousia could overrule that)

depose

a king could be _ after a trial in front of the _ and ephors if people were unhappy with their performances as kings

deposed, gerousia

members of the _ had to stand when the kings entered

ecclesia

the ephors would oversee the _ and would give their opinions on the bills at hand

ecclesia

when a vacancy in the gerousia opened up, available candidates were brought into the _. the one _ for the loudest by the other spartiates was _, based on order of _. _ said that this method of voting was '_'

ecclesia, cheered, elected, appearance, aristotle, childish

the ephors ran the _ system and chose the _, who was a _ supervising the education system

education, paidonomos

the gerousia represented sparta's respect for one's _.

elders

xenophon - no changes since the kings started ruling unlike other countries. citizens don't _ the kings which creates _ and respect in society. the kings lead as _ a life as everyone.

envy, homoioi, simple

_ = 'overseer' would serve for _ year. any _ over the age of _ could stand for election but only could be in _ once - they had _-term power

ephors, 1, spartiate, office, short

the ecclesia was chaired by _ and the bills which had been proposed by the _ were voted on. the members of the ecclesia could not discuss or _ a bill but instead they listened to the _ kings and the _ ephors, then they would vote _ or against.

ephors, gerousia, amend, 2, 5, for

the kings food would be served _ at their _ (common meal for young men in social groups) and were given _ portions. they would be the _ to sit down to dinner

first, syssition, double, first

the ephors dealt with _ ambassadors

foreign

the gerousia could propose bills on _ policies, changes in _ and matters of war and _. the gerousia's proposals impacted on the entire _

foreign, laws, peace, population

_ = 'council of _' as it consisted of _ men - the _ kings and _ other _ spartiates over the age of _, who served until _

gerousia, elders, 30, 2, 28, elected, 60, death

the ephors sat with the _ to form the supreme court of _

gerousia, justice

the gerousia was the highest _ a spartiate could achieve

honour

xenophon - ephors can do as they please, fine and _ whoever they want. it's a good thing to have all this power.

imprison

the ephors were _ in civil _ cases

judges, law

aristotle - the gerousia shouldn't be _ for the rest of life because their minds are _, (the mind _ as well as the body) they could be _ and are untrustworthy. the method of voting is _. shouldn't put themselves forwards because that would be overly _. just because you're _, doesn't mean you need a purpose

judges, senile, ages, bribed, childish, ambitious, elderly

the two kings had _ roles: they settled legal matters like _, maintenance of public _ and marriages of _; they had political power in the _ and their views were listened to in the _.

judicial, adoption, highways, heiresses, gerousia, ecclesia

at first the ephors were just officials keeping an eye on things for the _. they supervised the kings to ensure that they _ according to the _. every _ the king and the ephors would exchange _ - included the ephors saying that they were the _ who represent the _ of the entire city

kings, governed, laws, month, oaths, spartiates, interests

the _ were at the top of the political hierarchy. however, i believe that the ephors were more so as they had more important roles and could _ the kings. instead the kings were a public _, celebrities somewhat to represent sparta. the kings were just _ for the spartans to look up to as divine beings and representations of _' spartan system

kings, lycurgus

ephors undermined: kings, by reporting back on them, deposing them, did not have to _ in front of them, seen as citizens to look up to; gerousia, in supreme court; ecclesia, gave opinions to vote on

kneel

the ephors chose members of the _

krypteia

many thousands of people, spartiates, perioeci, helots, were obliged by _ to attend the kings' funeral. news of their death was carried by _ and down the country. the entire community observed _ days of mourning, beating their _ as a sign of _. whereas at other spartiate funerals, death was met with a stiff _ lip and no _

law, horsemen, 10, foreheads, grief, upper, emotion

xenophon - _ believed that old people should have some _ and not be judged by their _ but by their _. going through the _ gives you purpose in later life. _ souls and right for job.

lycurgus, power, body, mind, election, wiser

the _ poet, _, said that 'the councils of old men are _ there' while _ commented that 'the gerousia is a test of _ qualities of the spirit... the spirit is _ to the body' against athletics contests and _.

lyric, pindar, important, xenophon, noble, superior, physique

the two kings had _ roles: _ king was sent on military campaign to lead an _. they were able to _ war which was especially important in the spartan way of life

military, one, army, declare,

_ = throne inherited through royal _. e.g. the two kings could not be very good but they could be deposed through democracy (but what if the ephors, as tyranny/oligarchy got rid of them for own power gain?)

monarchy, blood

_ = throne inherited through royal _. e.g. the two kings as they inherited the throne if they were the first-born _ of the current agiad or _ king.

monarchy, blood, son, eurypontids

xenophon - the _ of the ephors and laws give them the highest power in government. they are so great that the _ look to follow them. it is a _ of goodness by citizens realising they could be an ephor

obedience, spartiates, cycle

the ephors elected took up _ the first _ moon after the autumnal _

office, full, equinox

_ = power rests with a small group of people. e.g. the two kings who rule in dual partnership; the ephors; the gerousia; the ecclesia. did create a facade of fairness and that any citizen could be involved in government. power was all short-lived and could be undermined by each other.

oligarchy

_ = power rests with a small group of people. e.g. the two kings who rule in dual partnership; the _ ephors who have important roles in society like running education system and sitting with gerousia to form _ court of justice; the gerousia, _ men, including the two kings, who could overrule any final decision by the ecclesia; the _ if you see how women, perioeci and helots were excluded from voting

oligarchy, five, supreme, 30, ecclesia

the ecclesia met _ the city every _ at a new _

outside, month, moon

gerousia undermined: kings, could depose; ephors+ecclesia, not involved in gerousia and could _ ecclesia's decision

overrule

aristotle - the ephors are _, ordinary men with a lack of knowledge or importance deciding on law cases, etc. they are open to _. they started to become _. life during office is too luxurious.

poor, bribery

the gerousia had a great amount of _ in politics. the gerousia acted as _ to the kings and presented _ for the _ to vote on. however if they didn't like the concluding vote then they could _ the ecclesia's decision - thus making the ecclesia's purpose _.

power, advisers, bills, ecclesia, withdraw, pointless

the ephors developed into the most _ form of government

powerful

the two kings had many _

priviledges

the two kings had _ roles: they would lead _ ceremonies; they served as a symbol of spartan _ and society as they were believed to be of _ ancestry and approval; sacrifices made on the _st and _th every month by them, gave a _ grown animal - believe to be _ of _.

religious, religious, history, divine, 1, 7, full, priests, zeus

kings would have _ of honour at public _

seats, festivals

the _ ephor would give his name to the _ year

senoir, civil

the ephors first act was to issue a decree that 'all citizens should _ their top _ and obey the _'. then they would declare _ on helots, as they did every _, and decided on preparations e.g. how many _, wagons, _ animals to carry _ supplies and spare equipment needed.

shave, lip, law, war, year, spartiates, pack, medical

the kings were given animal _ for sacrifice

skins

kings undermined: ephors, by being the _ of sparta, had long term power; gerousia, gave opinions; ecclesia, gave opinions

symbol

kings were wealthy landowners, inheriting _ in spartan land and in the _

territory, perioeci

_ = government has taken total control over its citizens in private as well as _. e.g. the spartan government tried, would ensure that a boy would conform to system, controlled by eirenes to act a violent way, had to stay in army and couldn't live with wives but had to stay in mess. government wanted a professional, highly trained army of hoplites. but aristotle commented on how children of rich and _ were educated the same way, food was the same for all spartans and so are clothes - for better or for worse.

totalitarian, public

_ = government has taken total control over its citizens in private as well as _. e.g. the spartan government tried, would ensure that a boy would conform to system, controlled by eirenes to act a violent way, had to stay in army and couldn't live with wives but had to stay in mess. government wanted a professional, highly trained army of hoplites. aristotle commented on how children of rich and _ were educated the same way, food was the same for all spartans and so are clothes.

totalitarian, public, poor

by having _ kings, this prevented one gaining too much _. together they ruled in partnership and had _ power due to the _ system.

two, power, equal, spartan

_ = rule by one who has full power without _ right. they were not meant to be ruler e.g. senior ephor but ephors did change every year so their power was short term

tyranny

_ = rule by one who has full power without _ right. e.g. perhaps the _ ephor who gave his name to the _ year

tyranny, legal, senoir

aristotle - however the realisation that a citizen can become an ephor too means citizens behave _.

well