Sponges

Wandering cells called ______________________ secrete the spicules and spongin.

Amoebocytes

_______________ _____________ Sponges bore thin channels through calcium carbonate such as oyster or clams shells

Boring sponges

What kinds of shapes might sponges form into?

Branching, tubular, round, volcano-like

What are the three main classes of sponges?

Calcarea, hexactinellida, demospongiae

What's another word for Sclerosponges?

Coralline Sponges

_________ _______________ Have lace like skeleton of fused siliceous spicules

Coralline sponges

____________________is eaten by Deposit Feeders

Detritus

What type of sponge form thin, sometimes brightly colored growths on rocks or dead coral? ___________________ ______________________

Encrusting Sponges

This class of sponges ____________________ has six rayed spicules made up of silicon dioxide, or glass.

Hexactinellida

What process does the larva go through to become a marine sponge? ______________________

Metamorphosis

What is the larva of most sponges called? ______________________

Parenchymula

What does the word Porifera mean? ___________________

Pore Bearers

Sponges are composed of four different types of cells: What does each type do and where is the location Pore cells (porocytes) ____________________________ Pinacocytes: _________________________ Amoeboid cells (amoebocytes) ___________________________________ Collar cells (choanocytes) ____________________________________________

Pore cells (porocytes) allow water to enter the sponge Pinacocytes: (covering cells or epidermis) the outer skin of the sponge Amoeboid cells (amoebocytes) they wander around they also produce eggs and make spicules Collar cells (choanocytes) line the inside canals of the sponge and help water to enter the sponge through thousands of pore cells

Sponges are in the phylum _________________ because of the pores (ostia) located throughout their bodies.

Porifera

Pore cells are also known as ______________________________________.

Porocytes

__________________ allows a microscopic canals to form to allow water to enter.

Porocytes

_______________ are among the structurally simplest multicellular animals.

Sponges

List the differences between sponges and more complex animals. List why sponges are important from an evolutionary standpoint.

Sponges have been around for 550 million years and their DNA provided the architectural foundation for all higher forms or multicellular animals (including us).

________________ is the elastic fiber made of protein.

Spongin

Give one Example of a glass sponge

Venus Flower Basket Sponge

The release of gametes into the water is called _____________________ ___________________.

broadcast spawning

Spicules can be made of __________________ or _____________________

calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide

Sponge cells can _________________ from one type to the other.

change

Water is pumped into a larger feeding chamber lined with ________________ also called ___________________________

collar cells, choanocytes

_______________ __________________ eat detritus that settles on the bottom.

deposit feeders

Filtering food particles out of sea water means sponges are _______________ ______________.

filter feeders

When sponge cells are separated, they're able to regroup and _____________________________.

form new sponges.

What type of sponges live anchored in deep water sediments?

glass sponges

Most sponges are _____________________, meaning they have male and female parts.

hermaphroditic

What does sessile mean?

living permanently attached to the bottom or some other surface

How does the sponge larva travel? _________________________

ocean currents

Sponges do not form_______________ and _________________

organs and tissues

A Large opening on the top of the sponge from which water leaves is called the _______________.

osculum

In some marine sponges, water doesn't exit through a single ____________ but several ___________

osculum, oscula

Cellular level of organization means the cells are largely independent and do not form tissues or organs. The tiny pores on the surface of a sponge that allow H2O to enter and circulate through a series of canals in the sponges are called ________.

ostia

The outer surface is covered with flat cells called _____________________

pinacocytes

Sponges have the ability to grow back missing parts or tissue which is called? ________________

regeneration

Sponges reproduce _______________ and _______________.

sexually and asexually

Class Demospongia have simple __________________ spicules

silicon dioxide

Class Calcarea have _________________ spicules

simple glass spicules (calcium carbonate)

Structurally, sponges are among the ______________ multicellular animals

simplest

The classification of sponges is based on the type and chemical composition of its skeletal structure called __________________.

spicules

What is the purpose of spicules? _____________________________ __________________

support the sponge

Animals that eat food particles suspended in the water are called ________________ ____________.

suspension feeders.

What makes sclerosponges very useful to scientists? ___________________________

they show what sponges used to be like

Ostia are___________________________________

tiny pores in the surface of the sponge

Pharmaceutical companies are looking at sponges for their ability to fight cancer because sponges produce ______________.

toxins