Sponges
Wandering cells called ______________________ secrete the spicules and spongin.
Amoebocytes
_______________ _____________ Sponges bore thin channels through calcium carbonate such as oyster or clams shells
Boring sponges
What kinds of shapes might sponges form into?
Branching, tubular, round, volcano-like
What are the three main classes of sponges?
Calcarea, hexactinellida, demospongiae
What's another word for Sclerosponges?
Coralline Sponges
_________ _______________ Have lace like skeleton of fused siliceous spicules
Coralline sponges
____________________is eaten by Deposit Feeders
Detritus
What type of sponge form thin, sometimes brightly colored growths on rocks or dead coral? ___________________ ______________________
Encrusting Sponges
This class of sponges ____________________ has six rayed spicules made up of silicon dioxide, or glass.
Hexactinellida
What process does the larva go through to become a marine sponge? ______________________
Metamorphosis
What is the larva of most sponges called? ______________________
Parenchymula
What does the word Porifera mean? ___________________
Pore Bearers
Sponges are composed of four different types of cells: What does each type do and where is the location Pore cells (porocytes) ____________________________ Pinacocytes: _________________________ Amoeboid cells (amoebocytes) ___________________________________ Collar cells (choanocytes) ____________________________________________
Pore cells (porocytes) allow water to enter the sponge Pinacocytes: (covering cells or epidermis) the outer skin of the sponge Amoeboid cells (amoebocytes) they wander around they also produce eggs and make spicules Collar cells (choanocytes) line the inside canals of the sponge and help water to enter the sponge through thousands of pore cells
Sponges are in the phylum _________________ because of the pores (ostia) located throughout their bodies.
Porifera
Pore cells are also known as ______________________________________.
Porocytes
__________________ allows a microscopic canals to form to allow water to enter.
Porocytes
_______________ are among the structurally simplest multicellular animals.
Sponges
List the differences between sponges and more complex animals. List why sponges are important from an evolutionary standpoint.
Sponges have been around for 550 million years and their DNA provided the architectural foundation for all higher forms or multicellular animals (including us).
________________ is the elastic fiber made of protein.
Spongin
Give one Example of a glass sponge
Venus Flower Basket Sponge
The release of gametes into the water is called _____________________ ___________________.
broadcast spawning
Spicules can be made of __________________ or _____________________
calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide
Sponge cells can _________________ from one type to the other.
change
Water is pumped into a larger feeding chamber lined with ________________ also called ___________________________
collar cells, choanocytes
_______________ __________________ eat detritus that settles on the bottom.
deposit feeders
Filtering food particles out of sea water means sponges are _______________ ______________.
filter feeders
When sponge cells are separated, they're able to regroup and _____________________________.
form new sponges.
What type of sponges live anchored in deep water sediments?
glass sponges
Most sponges are _____________________, meaning they have male and female parts.
hermaphroditic
What does sessile mean?
living permanently attached to the bottom or some other surface
How does the sponge larva travel? _________________________
ocean currents
Sponges do not form_______________ and _________________
organs and tissues
A Large opening on the top of the sponge from which water leaves is called the _______________.
osculum
In some marine sponges, water doesn't exit through a single ____________ but several ___________
osculum, oscula
Cellular level of organization means the cells are largely independent and do not form tissues or organs. The tiny pores on the surface of a sponge that allow H2O to enter and circulate through a series of canals in the sponges are called ________.
ostia
The outer surface is covered with flat cells called _____________________
pinacocytes
Sponges have the ability to grow back missing parts or tissue which is called? ________________
regeneration
Sponges reproduce _______________ and _______________.
sexually and asexually
Class Demospongia have simple __________________ spicules
silicon dioxide
Class Calcarea have _________________ spicules
simple glass spicules (calcium carbonate)
Structurally, sponges are among the ______________ multicellular animals
simplest
The classification of sponges is based on the type and chemical composition of its skeletal structure called __________________.
spicules
What is the purpose of spicules? _____________________________ __________________
support the sponge
Animals that eat food particles suspended in the water are called ________________ ____________.
suspension feeders.
What makes sclerosponges very useful to scientists? ___________________________
they show what sponges used to be like
Ostia are___________________________________
tiny pores in the surface of the sponge
Pharmaceutical companies are looking at sponges for their ability to fight cancer because sponges produce ______________.
toxins