Sports Communication and Public relations
Which of the following do sport organizations typically provide to media to aid in their coverage of events? a. credentials b. parking passes c. work rooms d. all of the above
a. credentials b. parking passes c. work rooms
Which of the following is not an adaptation the NFL made for television? a. changing to four downs b. moving the hash marks closer together c. moving the goalposts back 10 yards d. changing the yard line for kickoffs
changing to four downs
According to Babiak and Wolfe, which of the following is not an internaldeterminant for CSR initiatives? a. inimitability b. rareness c. control d. value
control
The recency, frequency, and monetary (RFM) analysis is one mechanism for assessing a. customer value b. brand recognition c. service quality d. customer satisfaction
customer value
Terrorist threats to a sport facility should not be part of a crisis plan or drill. a. True b. False
false
Babiak and Wolfe argued that the practice of CSR in the sport context is unique because of which of the following features? a. stakeholder management b. fan avidity c. transparency d. all of the above
fan avidity
Cord cutting has resulted in which of the following? a. a decrease in screen time for sport consumers b. fewer people watching sports video than ever before c. an increase in satellite TV subscriptions d. layoffs at prominent organizations, such as ESPN
layoffs at prominent organizations, such as ESPN
Photos, produced video, and live video are all examples of what? a. hashtags b. media content c. social networking sites d. virtual communication communities
media content
The Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961 permitted leagues to do what? a. contract with different media companies to broadcast the same competition b. allow individual clubs to negotiate media contracts c. collect advertising from media contracts d. negotiate media contracts on behalf of all teams
negotiate media contracts on behalf of all teams
Appropriate ________ involves leaders working collaboratively with stakeholders to ensure program alignment with goals. a. targeting b. planning c. reporting d. implementation
planning
The production of a series of digital audio (and sometimes video) files that can be downloaded for listening best describes which of the following? a. blogging b. spamming c. mobile app d. podcasting
podcasting
When the National Football League acknowledged the linkage between football and CTE in 2016, this reflected a change in its approach to the issue and movement toward which public relations model? a. press agentry b. public information c. two-way asymmetrical d. two-way symmetrical
two-way symmetrical
Which of the following would not be considered a significant area of growth for e-commerce? a. fantasy leagues b. online sports betting c. youth camps d. e-sports
youth camps
A sport media relations director offers a pile of news releases, newspaper clippings, media guides, and brochures as evidence that her program is effective. What is the weakness of that method of assessment? a. Considerable expense is involved in tracking down those materials. b. It does not provide evidence of impact. c. It is time consuming to compile and review. d. Your hand gets tired from using scissors to cut out all those newspaper stories.
. It does not provide evidence of impact.
The primary purpose of CRM software is a. to gather customer data from all sources to better understand and serve the customer b. to compile a customer's transactional data c. to serve as the primary communications medium between a consumer and the organization d. to allow easier determination of customer lifetime value
. to gather customer data from all sources to better understand and serve the customer
Which broadcast network helped transform the Olympics into a television event? a. CBS b. ABC c. ESPN d. NBC
ABC
An unedited video that a sports organization provides to a television station is called a a. video news release b. B-roll c. boilerplate d. tag
B-roll
How are sport public relations and sport marketing related? a. Both contribute to brand-centric communication. b. Marketing is a function of public relations. c. Public relations is a promotional element in the sport marketing mix. d. They are the same.
Both contribute to brand-centric communication.
Which of the following is an example of sport-media vertical integration? a. creation of media timeouts b. Turner purchasing Bleacher Report c. ESPN starting a magazine d. Cablevision owning the New York Knicks
Cablevision owning the New York Knicks
College sports information and public relations professionals compete annually for awards in print and digital excellence. These contests are called a. NCAA graphics contests b. CPR media guide and website design contests c. CoSIDA publications and digital design ontests d. national media guide awards
CoSIDA publications and digital design ontests
Which of the following is a key design consideration for the media guide cover? a. Does the cover incorporate key elements of the organization (e.g., name, logo, year)? b. Is the cover easy to read? c. Is the use of visual tools on the cover consistent? d. Is a ball used in action photos on the cover?
Does the cover incorporate key elements of the organization (e.g., name, logo, year)?
A sport public relations professional begins work on a campaign to increase donor support for the organization by surveying current donors and conducting brief interviews with former donors who no longer give. Why is this work critical? a. Awards for outstanding campaigns require original research. b. Information generated by the research will inform appropriate goals and communication strategies. c. Supervisors usually prioritize research as a key performance indicator. d. Textbooks and college professors stress the importance of research.
Information generated by the research will inform appropriate goals and communication strategies.
Identify the weakness of the following public relations objective: to increase awareness of our fitness services by the end of the year. a. It does not begin with the word to. b. It does not include a verb. c. It does not specify the desired magnitude of change. d. It specifies a deadline.
It does not specify the desired magnitude of change.
Which professional league was the first true to take financial advantage of the Sports Broadcasting Act permitting league-wide media rights? a. NFL b. MLB c. NBA d. NHL
NFL
Which of the following court cases established that individual teams own their property rights? a. International News Service v. Associated Press (1918) b. Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV (1938) c. National Exhibition Co. v. Fass (1955) d. National Basketball Association v. Motorola (1997)
Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV (1938)
Which of the following is not likely found on athletic booster or support organization websites? a. the number of student-athletes directly affected by giving b. the list of gifts associated with the highest giving level c. a signup form to give to the annual athletics fund d. a leaderboard of donor giving
a leaderboard of donor giving
Which of the following is a made-for-television sport? a. Goodwill Games b. The Superstars c. Battle of the Network Stars d. all of the above
a. Goodwill Games b. The Superstars c. Battle of the Network Stars
__________ is the way individuals, particularly athletes, express themselves on social media. a. Self-presentation b. Off the record c. Not for attribution d. Embargo
a. Self-presentation
A crisis relating to compliance issues may be classified as a. a corporate crisis b. a family crisis c. an on-field crisis d. a player personnel crisis
a. a corporate crisis
When selecting a backdrop for a news conference, which of the following is notrecommended? a. a predominantly white background b. incorporating the organization's logo c. incorporating the sponsor's logo d. a portable backdrop
a. a predominantly white background
High reach and low impact are characteristics of which of the following communication tactics? a. advertising and promotional media b. news media c. organizational and social media d. interpersonal communication
a. advertising and promotional media
When sport communicators wait to respond to a prospective crisis to see if the story will be lost in the news cycle, they risk a. allowing the crisis to snowball b. getting distracted by the daily demands of their work c. seeing the crisis dissipate d. all of the above
a. allowing the crisis to snowball
Which of the following can serve as the impetus for sport organization crisis? a. an emergency at an event b. an investigative report in a publication c. a social media post d. all of the above
a. an emergency at an event b. an investigative report in a publication c. a social media post
A recent study suggests that one of the most important services properties can offer their sponsors is a. assistance in evaluating achievement of sponsor goals b. developing sponsorship activation ideas c. creation of effective signage d. support in clarifying a sponsor's target market
a. assistance in evaluating achievement of sponsor goals
The stakeholder approach to investment activities a. balances the interests of the sport organization's investors with those of other constituents b. focuses almost exclusively on the interests of the sport organization's investors c. mandates that investor relations professionals possess financial and PR expertise d. minimizes the importance of the sport organization's financial performance
a. balances the interests of the sport organization's investors with those of other constituents
Kihl and Inoue found that intercollegiate athletics departments in Minnesota typically supported which of the follow causes? a. cancer awareness b. disability awareness c. crime prevention d. all of the above
a. cancer awareness b. disability awareness c. crime prevention
Social responsibility messages should address four main areas. Which of the following is not one of those areas? a. conveying implementation of initiatives b. informing stakeholders c. conveying organizational philosophy d. all of the above
a. conveying implementation of initiatives b. informing stakeholders c. conveying organizational philosophy
A common way to broaden the prospective sponsor base is a. creating tiered levels of sponsorship b. providing category exclusivity c. offering multiyear sponsor rates d. providing hospitality opportunities
a. creating tiered levels of sponsorship
When a member of the media requests an interview, a PR professional performs which of the following functions? a. handles the media request b. selects the interviewees c. prepares the interviewees d. all of the above
a. handles the media request b. selects the interviewees c. prepares the interviewees
Research shows adopting CSR initiatives creates which of the following advantages? a. increased public impression b. increased ticket sales c. better players d. employee retention
a. increased public impression
Which of the following should be considered part of the crisis forecasting process? a. information regarding crisis-related trends in the field b. the organization's crisis-related history c. perspectives of a range of employees (e.g., HR, law, security) d. all of the above
a. information regarding crisis-related trends in the field b. the organization's crisis-related history c. perspectives of a range of employees (e.g., HR, law, security)
Why have sport organizations feared play-by-play representation of live events? a. it detracts from the live broadcast, in the view of the company that has bought the broadcast rights b. it impacts financial stability c. it infringes on copyright d. all of the above
a. it detracts from the live broadcast, in the view of the company that has bought the broadcast rights b. it impacts financial stability c. it infringes on copyright
Donor motivations are often categorized as transactional and altruistic. An example of transactional motivation is a. preferred seating b. the desire to enhance the student-athlete experience c. improving the likelihood of athletic success d. the belief that athletic involvement is a worthy cause
a. preferred seating
YouTube's data on where subscriber traffic is coming from and the average viewing duration of videos are examples of a. psychographics b. demographics c. authenticity d. voice/tone
a. psychographics
Which of the following is an appropriate press box policy? a. space is assigned to specific media organizations b. nonmedia are not permitted in the area c. cheering is not permitted d. all of the above
a. space is assigned to specific media organizations b. nonmedia are not permitted in the area c. cheering is not permitted
Sponsors typically dedicate additional resources to maximize the benefits of their sponsorship. This additional promotional and PR activity is commonly known as a. sponsorship activation b. cross promotion c. return on investment d. sponsorship pyramid
a. sponsorship activation
CSR programs aimed at synergies addressing societal needs are called a. stakeholder-centric b. economic-centric c. corporate-centric d. social-centric
a. stakeholder-centric
In-event crises include scenarios such as a. the death or injury of a competitor or fan b. layoffs c. player trade decisions d. a legal scandal involving a coach or player
a. the death or injury of a competitor or fan b. layoffs
Public relations can play an important role in helping the organization build its brand, which is a. the organization's logo or symbol b. the organization's name c. the intangible attributes associated with the organization d. all of the above
a. the organization's logo or symbol b. the organization's name c. the intangible attributes associated with the organization
Components of an organization's brand include a. the organization's name, logo, and colors b. how the organization behaves c. what the organization says d. all of the above
a. the organization's name, logo, and colors b. how the organization behaves c. what the organization says
Promotional tours, public speeches, and personal appearances are a. unmediated communication tactics b. advantageous public relations tools c. stakeholder-focused d. all of the above
a. unmediated communication tactics b. advantageous public relations tools c. stakeholder-focused
Producing social media goals that reflect the overall goals of the organization describes which strategic consideration in social media development? a. planning b. alignment c. social listening d. evaluation metrics
alignment
Applying the 80-20 rule to customer equity management suggests that a. 80% of customer-targeted public relations efforts should be devoted to the pre-purchase phase and 20% to the post-purchase phase b. 80% retention and 20% defection is reasonable customer retention-defection balance in most circumstances c. allocation of resources should be tied to the recognition that 80% of revenue likely comes from 20% of the customers d. 80% of time and resources should be directed toward new customers and 20% should be directed toward existing customers
allocation of resources should be tied to the recognition that 80% of revenue likely comes from 20% of the customers
Which of the following best defines the word intranet? a. systems produced to send unsolicited and repeated messages to employees b. the encouraged spread of a message from employee to employee throughout an organization *c. an internally managed website or private network contained within an organization to share private business-related details d. a community of employees gathering online to discuss a variety of topics and communicating virtually through messaging and open forums
an internally managed website or private network contained within an organization to share private business-related details
Which of the following is not a way that brochures are distributed? a. through the mail b. at mall kiosks c. through information racks d. through PDF files
at mall kiosks
The Utah Jazz's "5 for the Fight" campaign resulted in hundreds of articles in the mass media. Such results are best characterized as a. organizational outputs b. audience reception c. behavioral impact d. issues management
audience reception
The number of engagement actions on a social network post divided by the organization's number of total followers on a particular social networking site is the definition of a. matriculation rate b. social networking effectiveness c. average engagement rate d. testimonial analysis
average engagement rate
Media consolidation a. promotes media objectivity b. creates less competition in marketplace c. enhances broadcast quality d. none of the above
b. creates less competition in marketplace
The excusing and justification strategies fall under the __________ crisis response posture. a. denial b. diminishment c. rebuilding d. bolstering
b. diminishment
A touchpoint audit is a strategy for a. selecting the appropriate social media interfaces to reach constituents b. identifying the interactions between an organization and its constituents during various stages of the customer experience c. evaluating the nature and extent of risk in communications efforts d. choosing the appropriate spokesperson for anticipated crises
b. identifying the interactions between an organization and its constituents during various stages of the customer experience
The importance of donors to college athletics a. is primarily tied to special projects such as facility construction b. is now a fundamental source of operating revenue for most Division I schools c. has been dramatically reduced in recent years as revenue from other sources continues to grow d. was compromised when tax laws regarding charitable deductions changed
b. is now a fundamental source of operating revenue for most Division I schools
The informal communication network (the grapevine) a. is of little relevance for managers because most of the information is false or incomplete b. is said to be the origin for as much as 70% of all organizational communication c. can largely be ignored because the speed of the communication is quite slow d. has little utility for organizations with strong formal communication structures
b. is said to be the origin for as much as 70% of all organizational communication
According to Lorenz and Vivian, information is provided so a reporter will better understand a potentially harmful situation. a. self-presentation b. off-the-record c. not-for-attribution d. embargoed
b. off-the-record
Which element of a news release contains standard information that communicates an organizational position? a. header b. body c. boilerplate d. ending
boilerplate
Which interview tip acknowledges a point but pivots to something more positive? a. bridging b. flagging c. hooking d. the rule of threes
bridging
Acquisition metrics are focused mainly on a. how effective conversions are b. the organization's social media reach c. the organization's retention rates d. building relationships
building relationships
Which of the following best defines cutting the cord? a. a consumer subscribes to DAZN to supplement a cable subscription b. a consumer subscribes to regional sports networks c. a consumer drops a cable subscription d. a consumer listens to radio broadcasts
c. a consumer drops a cable subscription
Successful volunteer recruitment begins with a. a well-constructed training program b. a good transportation plan c. an understanding of volunteer motivation d. a sound volunteer evaluation framework
c. an understanding of volunteer motivation
Organizational news releases should focus on a. positive messaging b. responding to only negative comments c. anything relative to the organization d. the media
c. anything relative to the organization
CSR programs aimed at synergies between core business activities and social responsibility are called a. stakeholder-centric b. economic-centric c. corporate-centric d. social-centric
c. corporate-centric
Consumer-generated media (CGM) refers to a. consumers' tendencies to view electronic media images more favorably than print media images b. the trend of consumers losing interest without regular social media interaction c. customers' abilities to disseminate information through media they control d. consumers' willingness to contact the media if they have something negative to say
c. customers' abilities to disseminate information through media they control
What time of day is not optimal for staging a news conference because it conflicts with responsibilities of television? a. first thing in the morning b. in the early afternoon to midafternoon c. during the 5-6 p.m. news hour d. in the evening
c. during the 5-6 p.m. news hour
Content shared on social media should engage the audience through one or more of three action steps. Which of the following is not one of those steps? a. giving the audience something to think b. giving the audience something to feel c. giving the audience something to repeat d. giving the audience something to do
c. giving the audience something to repeat
Soliciting complaints from customers and members a. is discouraged because it can produce an environment of dissatisfaction for employees b. is very ineffective in improving satisfaction c. is useful because many complaints are never voiced directly to the organization d. has little practical effect unless the complaints are addressed immediately
c. is useful because many complaints are never voiced directly to the organization
Friction points in the customer journey are a. points of direct interaction with the customer b. points of customer interaction that are outside the organization's control c. points that cause customer frustration or dissatisfaction d. points that cause the customer to abandon the journey
c. points that cause customer frustration or dissatisfaction
Which of the following activities is commonly assumed by investor relations professionals? a. creating employee newsletters b. managing charitable donations c. staging annual shareholder meetings d. developing websites
c. staging annual shareholder meetings
According to Smith, which of the following is not a justification for holding a news conference? a. to provide a response on an important issue b. to serve the media's interests if a prominent person is available for a short time c. to announce the hiring of a midlevel manager d. to avoid accusations of playing favorites among reporters
c. to announce the hiring of a midlevel manager
When a crisis occurs, the sport organization's goal in terms of media relations should be a. to downplay the magnitude of the crisis b. to effectively communicate to the media that the organization will not tolerate negative publicity c. to immediately position itself as the most credible source of information for the media d. to limit the amount of information made available to the media
c. to immediately position itself as the most credible source of information for the media
The Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a tool for a. categorizing customers based on their likelihood to recommend a company or product to a friend b. determining the best method for communicating with a customer c. evaluating the effectiveness of various marketing strategies d. assessing which phase of the customer experience is most important to consumption
categorizing customers based on their likelihood to recommend a company or product to a friend
Which term best describes sport organizations' actions to engage with local businesses? a. volunteerism b. philanthropy c. community initiatives d. environmental initiatives
community initiatives
Which news value is associated with challenges for an organization? a. impact b. prominence c. conflict d. unusualness
conflict
The ________ rate is the number of website visitors that eventually completes a defined action, such as a purchase or sign up, divided by the site's total number of visitors. a. service b. bounce c. conversion d. engagement
conversion
The category of metrics most closely related to marketing metrics, such as sales and revenue, is a. retention b. conversion c. acquisition d. reach
conversion
Which of the following is nota common benefit of engaging in crisis forecasting? a. enabling the organization to take steps to prevent some crises b. engaging a range of employees in a key organizational initiative c. providing a foundation for a crisis communications plan d. creating content that can be monetized
creating content that can be monetized
Media access to certain areas at an event is often controlled by __________. a. a list of media members b. credentials c. the will-call window d. the press box
credentials
When considering different types of customer loyalty, affective commitment differs from continuance commitment in that a. affective commitment is predicated on limited choices b. continuance commitment involves tolerance of higher prices c. continuance commitment is characterized by a resistance to switching d. affective commitment produces a willingness to recommend products or services to others
d. affective commitment produces a willingness to recommend products or services to others
Low reach and high impact are characteristics of which of the following communication tactics? a. advertising and promotional media b. news media c. organizational and social media d. interpersonal communication
d. interpersonal communication
Which of the following is not part of Carroll's pyramid of corporate social responsibility? a. ethical responsibility b. legal responsibility c. economic responsibility d. political responsibility
d. political responsibility
Professional sport leagues' recent lobbying efforts have focused on the issue of a. antitrust law b. Native American imagery c. protecting the player draft d. sports gambling
d. sports gambling
When a sport organization blames people outside the organization for a crisis, which strategic posture is it assuming? a. bolstering b. denial c. diminishment d. rebuilding
denial
Certain social issues (e.g., education, diversity, safety) are also considered _______ issues. a. philanthropic b. economic c. personnel d. physical
economic
Website development involves establishing goals and objectives, which is an essential part of producing a website that _______ and serves organizational needs. a. engenders loyalty b. produces more fans c. garners extensive publicity d. produces revenue
engenders loyalty
Compared to athletes and teams, corporate business leaders have a greater influence in promoting socially responsible initiatives. a. True b. False
false
Heroes are integral to good storytelling. In Nike's "She Runs the Night" campaign, who played the role of hero/heroes? a. female runners who supported one another to overcome fears b. media outlets who covered the 13K event c. Nike, which supplied shoes and apparel d. social media sites on which female runners connected
female runners who supported one another to overcome fears
Information on memberships is content that is most likely to appear on which of the following? a. college athletic department websites b. professional sports team websites c. retail websites d. fitness club websites
fitness club websites
Journalists refer to their role in constructing public ideology as that of a a. gatekeeper b. professional c. reporter d. scribe
gatekeeper
The table of contents, a staff directory, and profiles of organizational leadership are most likely to appear in the ________ section of a media guide. a. team and event information b. general information c. history d. governing body information
general information
If the primary purpose of a website is to provide entertainment, which of the following should notbe a consideration for the content goals? a. goals that keep the target audience of the entertainment at the center b. goals related to the frequency of use of the entertainment content c. goals related to the user satisfaction with the entertainment content d. goals related to the marketability of the entertainment content for profit
goals related to the marketability of the entertainment content for profit
Which element of a news release contains the headline? a. header b. body c. boilerplate d. ending
header
Team records, coaching history, complete lists of honors and awards, and all-time results are likely found in a media guide's _____ section. a. history b. general information c. season review d. governing body information
history
Which interview tip leads a reporter to ask the next question? a. bridging b. flagging c. hooking d. the rule of threes
hooking
The brand communications strategy in support of professional golfer Suzann Pettersen attempted to counter the public perception that she was too serious by portraying her as well-rounded. In reducing a perceived liability in favor of a brand asset, the communications strategy resulted in a. greater social media engagement b. increased brand equity c. improved on-course performance d. subsequent Olympic appearances
increased brand equity
A smaller sport organization with a desire to build its brand at a much broader level can be best supported on social media with which type of goals? a. increasing retention b. increasing revenue c. increasing awareness d. increasing new lead generation
increasing awareness
Since the shift away from their use in recruiting at the collegiate level, media guides generally serve the purpose of _____________. a. information distribution b. publicizing players and coaches c. historical record keeping d. providing organizations with substantial revenue
information distrubtion
A group of people in a neighborhood who don't know that their taxes may increase to build a community park are an example of which type of public? a. nonpublic b. latent public c. aware public d. active public
latent public
Newsletters combine organizational publicity information with the look and feel of a a. website feature with multiple interviews b. hardbound book c. mobile application d. magazine or newspaper
magazine or newspaper
Which term best describes the practice of integrating business practices into social responsibility? a. philanthropy b. volunteerism c. assimilation d. none of the above
none of the above
Which of the four principles suggested by the National Co-ordinating Centre for Public Engagement involves determining the intended recipients for an initiative? a. purpose b. people c. process d. evaluation
people
Which of the following outcomes involves the highest degree of difficulty for Heisman Trophy campaign planners? a. building public awareness of the candidate b. establishing generally favorable opinions of the candidate among the team's fan base c. making the candidate memorable in a positive way d. persuading voters to select the candidate as their top choice
persuading voters to select the candidate as their top choice
The JJ Watt Foundation's fundraising effort following Hurricane Harvey was an example of a. volunteerism b. philanthropy c. in-kind services d. environmental initiatives
philanthropy
Which term best describes sport organizations' actions to give money to outside organizations? a. volunteerism b. philanthropy c. community initiatives d. environmental initiatives
philanthropy
Which first form of mass media had the earliest impact on sport? a. print b. radio c. television d. mobile
Which of the four principles suggested by the National Co-ordinating Centre for Public Engagement involves allocating sufficient resources for an initiative? a. purpose b. people c. process d. evaluation
process
Which of the four principles suggested by the National Co-ordinating Centre for Public Engagement involves understanding the reason for delivering the initiative? a. purpose b. people c. process d. evaluation
purpose
A professional sports franchise that does not take steps to train coaches and players in media relations or social media engagement and handles any resultant issues as needed adheres to the __________ public relations approach. a. integrated b. proactive c. reactive d. strategic
reactive
The apology and compensation strategies fall under the __________ crisis response posture. a. denial b. diminishment c. rebuilding d. bolstering
rebuilding
One component of game notes is an easy-to-find series history. Which of the following is not part of a well-constructed series history? a. overall series records for both teams b. the number of previous meetings between the teams c. records of opposing coaches against each other (overall and within their current organizations) d. records of both teams against others in the same division or conference
records of both teams against others in the same division or conference
Which of the following is least likely to appear on an organization's employee intranet? a. results of employee annual reviews b. client information databases for marketing and customer service units c. payroll information for accounting and finance d. facility scheduling information
results of employee annual reviews
Teams and leagues received ________ from media companies to broadcast competitions. a. a flat fee b. a commission c. a rights fee d. nothing
rights fee
Which of the following would not be considered an effective strategy to pitch a story to the media? a. explaining the intricacies of the story to media b. understanding off-season interests of coaches and athletes c. sending the story idea to many media and hoping someone calls back d. suggesting other sources for different perspective
sending the story idea to many media and hoping someone calls back
Tools like Bitly, TinyURL, and Ow.ly are useful social media management tools designed to a. shorten links b. view multiple social network timelines c. produce social d. social listening
shorten links
A recent IEG Sponsorship Report identified that the most sought-after benefit after exclusivity is a. hospitality opportunities b. product distribution opportunities c. improved signage d. social and digital media presence
social and digital media presence
Many posters have a corporate _______ that helps underwrite the production costs. a. sponsor b. communications office c. promoter d. distributor
sponsor
In what element of the strategic sport communication model is sport public relations represented? a. sport communication process b. personal communication in sport c. sport mass media d. sport communication services and support
sport communication services and support
Which of the following is not a characteristic of sport public relations? a. brand centricity b. communications focus c. managerial nature d. stable environment
stable environment
When a sport organization or individual announces bad news rather than waiting for the story to break in the media, this approach can be characterized as a. bolstering b. denial c. rallying d. stealing thunder
stealing thunder
According to Babiak and Wolfe, which of the following is not an externaldeterminant for CSR initiatives? a. context b. constituents c. content d. stock price
stock price
Research indicates that effective social media communication should employ a. as many facts as possible b. statistics c. storytelling d. all of the above
storytelling
What type of relationship do sport organizations have with the media? a. contentious b. symbiotic c. antagonistic d. all of the above
symbiotic
Although the spectator-based sports team reputation model has a number of dimensions in common with non-sport-specific reputation frameworks, it also possesses some unique sport-specific elements, such as a. financial soundness b. management quality c. social responsibility d. team tradition
team tradition
Which of the following is a key development that has affected the sport public relations profession in recent years? a. the decrease in the value of sport franchises b. the fragmentation of the media environment c. the increase in attracting fans to and retaining them at sports events d. the separation of the public relations and marketing functions
the fragmentation of the media environment
An integrated communication strategy is designed in such a way that a. news release distribution ensures that media organizations receive the information simultaneously b. the organization achieves consistency of message across communication platforms c. the publicity function is governed by marketing priorities d. all of the above
the organization achieves consistency of message across communication platforms
Identifying three messages and repeating them three times during an interview is referred to as a. bridging b. flagging c. hooking d. the rule of threes
the rule of threes
Broadly speaking, what are the two primary benefits of public relations to sport organizations? a. to build the brand and protect the brand b. to engage with the community and generate publicity c. to gain social media followers and generate engagement d. to secure media placements and generate ticket sales
to build the brand and protect the brand
Coombs' model for crisis management includes the following stages: precrisis, crisis response, and postcrisis. a. True b. False
true
Developing an organizational media policy helps ensure fair and ethical organizational communication. a. True b. False
true
Owners were initially fearful of the impact radio broadcasts would have on game attendance. a. True b. False
true
Sport organizations are able to drive traffic to their media platforms by limiting traditional media access to players and coaches. a. True b. False
true
Sport organizations are increasingly limiting how media can cover practices. a. True b. False
true