Sports in society ch. 5&6
The author suggests that violence against women by male athletes is associated with at least five specific aspects of the culture of men's sports. Which of the following is not one of those aspects
A general failure to hold athletes accountable for violating community norms
Information from inside high performance sports suggests that doping is seen as
A normal part of the process of training recovery and competition
One of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that much of it involves actions grounded in
Accepting and over conforming to norms in sport cultures
Studying deviance in sports presents problems in that
Actions that are normal in sports may be deviant outside of sports
It has become difficult to determine what actions are deviant and what actions are accepted parts of athletic today because
All training involves surpassing limits that are accepted as normal in society
Understanding deviance in sports requires an understanding of the sport ethic. Which of the following beliefs is not one of the core norms of the sport ethic
An athlete accepts pain but avoids risks
Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms. The author explains that deviance involving underconformity consists of ideas traits or actions that
Are subnormal
Which of the following is not among the authors policy recommendations for controlling sport violence
Banning all block sales of tickets to large groups of people
Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms. The author explains that deviance involving overconformity is
Based on unquestioned acceptance of norms
The people most likely to agree with the war on doping as waged by the WADA and USDA are
Believers in the great sport myth
Some forms of violence are accepted widely by athletes and even used as a basis for gaining status among fellow athletes. These include
Borderline violence and brutal body contact
Sport participation may help people learn to control aggressive action in their lives. This has occurred in connection with some combat sports when the
Coaches promote norms emphasizing non violence and respect for self and others
Instead of saying that commercialization causes violence, the author states that it is more accurate to say that
Commercialization enables more people to play violent sports
The author describes a model of a professional athletes career to show that
Cyclists use drugs in order to do their jobs successfully
When athletes collectively dedicate themselves to a goal and willingly endure pain and make sacrifices to achieve it they often creat a social world in which
Deviant over-conformity becomes normalized
Research indicates that concussions as well as repetitive subconcussive head hits can cause brain injuries that may lead to CTE. CTE is neurodegenerative disease with symptoms similar to
Early onset dementia
Research shows that boys and men who play power and performance sports learn that they will be
Evaluated favorably for their ability to combine violence and skills
When violence occurs in connection with widespread rejection of norms it often is described as anarchy; when it occurs in connection with blind obedience to norms and autocratic leaders, it is described as
Fascism
When there is a collective sense of hubris on a team it is likely that some athletes will
Feel a sense of entitlement in the general community
According to the career model discussed in the chapter, when long time professional athletes retire from full time, year round training and competition and re-enter the "ordinary world," they
Find it difficult to become normal in that world
After reviewing research on academic cheating the author points out that the rates of cheating among athletes
Have not been studied adequately to make any definite conclusions
The author notes that the legal liability related to brain injuries is most likely to affect the future of
Heavy contact sports played by athletes under the legal age of consent
Preventing or minimizing CTE though the use of helmets and other head protection equipment has not been successful because helmets
Helmets cannot stop the brain from moving around in the skull
The most effective way to control deviant overconformity is to
Help athletes set limits when confirming to the norms of the sport ethic
When Lance Armstrong confessed to using performance enhancing substances, many of his fans condemned him as the embodiment of evil because they
His actions contradicted their belief in the great sport myth
The chapter is organized partly around a typology of violence developed by Mike Smith. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories in his typology?
Intentional violence
The person who plays the rim of enforcer in a contact sport team is expected to
Intimidate and use violence against opponents
When athletes collectively over-conform to the norms of the sport ethic that may develop hubris which leads them to see themselves as separate from and superior to the rest of the community. The author explains that hubris
Leads to a sense of entitlement and lack of concern for people outside their sport
Research that high rates of alcohol and binge drinking
Linked with a culture in which partying and drinking are expected
Data presented in the chapter indicate that felony rates among NFL players are
Lower than rates in the general population in the case of property crimes
Studies show that in comparison with sports today the tournaments and sport activities in medieval and early modern Europe were
More violent
It is difficult to reduce the injuries that occur in power and performance sports because
Most serious injuries occur within the rules of the game
The authors recommendations for controlling substance use in sports call for a policy that involves
Preventing athletes from competing unless they are certified as healthy
Research suggests that on the field deviance such as cheating and dirty play are
Probably less common today than in the past
Research on pain and injury in sports suggests that
Professional contact and collision sports are dangerous workplaces
Athletes may be marginalized or formally punished if they engage in
Quasi-criminal or criminal violence
According to a constructionist approach both norms and deviance are
Socially constructed through interaction
The author points out that the seemingly endless parade of cheating and social scandals in the big time NCAA sport programs and other sport governing bodies is four factors. Which of the following is not one of those factors
Sport leaders are so diverse that they cannot agree on social control strategies
Social historians suggest that violence remains an issue in sports because
Sports are designed to create tension and excitement
Deviant over conformity is associated with some forms of violence in sports. The roots of violence are grounded in
The desire to gain reaffirmation for ones identity as an athlete
Spectator violence varies with many factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?
The personality profiles of regular spectators at an event
One of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that
The types and causes of deviance in sports are very diverse
Which of the following is not true about norms
They include both written laws and unwritten customs
Controlling deviant overconformity in sports presents a unique challenge because
Those who enforce team norms may not discourage overconformitiy
The model of a professional athletes career shows that when athletes move from the amateur level to the professional level in a sport they
Train so intensely that it causes physiological damage to their bodies
The author points out that the most effective way to control cheating, corruption, harassment, and abuse in sports is to
Turn all rule enforcement over to athletes
The goal of sociological research on violence among athletes is to
Understand violence in the context in which it occurs
As defined in the chapter, aggression refers to
Verbal or physical actions intended to control or do harm to another person
When two college basketball players turn their backs to the flag during the playing of the national anthem they
Violate an informal norm
When a basketball player dribbles the ball out of bounds during a game she has
Violated a formal norm
Rates of violence are higher in men's sports than in women's sports because
Violence is tied to issues of masculinity for many men in sports
Research has shown that spectators are most likely to be violent when they interpret the actions of the players on the field to be
Violent
It is difficult to say that playing violent sports causes people to be violent off the field because
Violent sports may attract people who already have records of being violent
According to the author winning is important to long time professional athletes because they
Want to remain in their sports
As defined in the chapter intimidation refers to
Words gestures or actions that threaten violence or aggression
An investigation of sexual assaults by high school and club coaches in the state of Washington found that
nearly all offenses involved male heterosexual coaches victimizing girls
Athletes today sometimes seem to engage in more sport related forms of deviance than athletes in the past because
sports and sport organizations have more rules today than in the past.
In the information on terrorism it is noted that
sports can't be separated from aspects of social life that inspire terrorism
The author suggests that doing control will not be successful until
the culture and structure of high performance sports are changed
As defined in the chapter violence refers to
using excessive physical force that can cause harm or destruction
In the culture of heavy contact sports, there is a general norm emphasizing that
violence is part of the game
Media coverage usually concludes that deviance in sports is the result of
weak character and greed
Anarchy is the social condition that exists when
widespread underconformity creates general lawlessness.
