Static and Current Electricity
The mass of an electron is about ___ smaller than the mass of a proton.
1,800
The magnitude of electrical force between a pair of charged particles will decrease by ___ when the particles are moved twice as far apart, and will decrease by ___ when the particles are moved three times as far apart.
1/4; 1/9
In a circuit consisting of two lamps connected in series, if the current in one lamp is 1 A, the current in the other lamp is ___.
1A
One coulomb is define as the electric charge of ___ electrons.
6.25 x 10^18 electrons
In a circuit consisting of two lamps connected in parallel, if there is 6 V across one lamp, what is the voltage across the other lamp?
6V
___ current is an electric current that repeatedly reverses its direction; in the United States, the current reverses at a rate of ___ Hz.
Alternating; 60
The SI unit of electrical current is the ___.
Ampere
The SI unit of electrical charge is the ___.
Coulomb
___ current is an electric current flowing in one direction only.
Direct
An energy of ___ is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6-V battery.
Exactly 6 J
Electric potential energy is measured in ___ and electric potential is measured in ___, also known as volts.
Joules; Joule/Coulomb
The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ___.
Ohm
Which of the following is correct?
The total current through the branches of a parallel circuit is the same as the current through the voltage source.
Generators at power stations produce ___ current and batteries produce ___ current.
alternating; direct
Electrons, rather than protons, make up the flow of charge in a metal wire because electrons __.
are not bound to the atomic nucleus
To get one Coulomb of electrical charge you will need about 6.5 ___ electrons.
billion billion
An electric ___ is any path with ___ gaps along where electrons can flow.
circuit; zero
A(n) ___ is any material having free charged particles that easily ___ through it when an electric force acts on them.
conductor; flow
The third prong on the plug of an electric appliance is designed to ___.
connect the prong directly to the ground
Electric ___ is the flow of electric charge that transports ___ from one place to another.
current; energy
Electric power is the rate of energy transfer, which can be measured by the product of ___ and ___.
current; voltage
The strength of electric fields ___ with distance according to the ___ law.
decreases; inverse-square
According to Ohm's law, in a circuit of steady resistance, when the voltage is doubled the current will ___.
double
According to the textbook, ___ skin has greater electrical resistance.
dry
Which of the following is a difference between electrical forces described by Coulomb's law and gravitational forces described by Newton's law of gravitation?
electrical forces are attractive or repulsive. Gravitational forces are only attracted.
When something is charged, no ___ are created or destroyed; this is known as ___ of charge.
electrons; conservation
The study of electric charge at rest is called ___.
electrostatics
An electric ___is defined as force per unit charge, and can be considered an energetic ___ surrounding charged objects.
field; aura
Coulomb's law is similar to Newton's law of gravitation because in both laws ___.
force decreases inversely as the square of the distance.
A(n) ___ is any material without free ___ and through which current does not easily flow.
insulator; charged particles
Coulomb's law states that the relationship between electrical force and charge is ___ and the relationship between electrical force and distance is ___.
inversely proportional; inversely proportional
When the number of protons and electrons in an atom is different, the atom is known as a(n) ___.
ion
A 40-W bulb will draw ___ compared with a 100-W bulb.
less
Electrons are identical in ___ and ___ to one another.
mass; charge
An electrically polarized object is ___, with the positive charges located ___ the negative charges.
neutral; opposite to
As more lines are opened at a fast-food restaurant, the resistance to the motion of people trying to get served is reduced. This is similar to what happens when more branches are added to a ___ circuit.
parallel
Household circuits are normally wired in ___.
parallel
An electric circuit is wired in ___ when devices are connected in such a way that the same electric ___ acts across each one of the devices.
parallel; voltage
A molecule or object is electrically ___ when charges are ___ so that one side has a slight excess of positive charge and the other side a slight excess of negative charge.
polarized; aligned
Electric ___ energy is the energy a charge possesses by virtue of its location in a(n) ___ field.
pontential: electric
The direction of an electric field is defined as starting out of the ___ and going into the ___.
positive charge; negative charge
If an electron is stripped from a neutral object, it will become ___ charged.
positively
According to Ohm's law, the current in a circuit varies ___ to the potential difference or voltage and ___ with the resistance.
proportional; inversely proportional
In atoms, ___ are positively charged and ___ are negatively charged.
protons; electrons
Electrical ___ is the property of a material that resists the flow of an electric ___ through it.
resistance; current
In a circuit consisting of two lamps connected in parallel, if the current through each of the two branches of a parallel circuit is the same, this means that the ___ of the two branches must be ___.
resistance; the same
An electric circuit is wired in ___ when devices are connected in such a way that the same electric ___ flows through each of the devices.
series; current
A ___ is any material with ___ electrical resistance, wherein electrons flow without losing energy and without generating heat.
superconductor; zero
For a ___ flow of electric charge through a conducting medium, a difference in potential must be ___.
sustained; maintained
Heat flow and charge flow are similar because heat flow only occurs when there is a difference in ___, and charge flow only occurs when there is a difference in ___.
temperature; potential
The source of electrons that makes a shock when a person touches a charged conductor is ___.
the person
In an atom, the number of protons is normally ___ compared with the number of electrons.
the same
Electric charge flow ___ a circuit and voltage is applied ___ a circuit.
through; across
A balloon may easily be charged to several thousand volts. What can you say about its electrical potential energy?
very very VERY small
A synonym for electric potential is ___.
voltage
