SYG CH4
A cluster sample often provides a richer "local" feel to a more representative sample.
True
Max Weber's term verstechen refers to using your own abilities to see the world from others' point of view.
True
Objectivity doesn't mean not having any values.
True
Value neutrality refers to trying to keep one's own values and biases from distorting the results of one's research.
True
What is a correlation in research?
One variable is related to another in some manner.
What ethical tenet was violated by the Tuskegee Experiment, in which African American men with syphilis were left untreated?
Researchers should never harm subjects.
________ involves reanalyzing data that have already been collected.
Secondary analysis
This researcher tested the limits people will go to when obeying authority.
Stanley Milgram
A correlation is best described as ________.
a relationship between two phenomena
Sociologists use ________ when conducting research.
a variety of methodologies
Trained sociologists use ________ to study human behavior.
a wide variety of methodologies
Content analysis involves ________.
an intensive reading of certain texts
In quantitative research, variable A is supposed to have a ________ impact on variable B.
causal
Maria, a student at State University, is assigned a sociology research project. What should be her first step?
choosing an issue
Joan, a first grade teacher, has a class with many boys who are struggling readers. She makes every boy stay in at recess to practice reading aloud. What logical fallacy did Joan make?
compositional fallacy
To formulate a valid experiment, a study must have an experimental group and a(n) ________ group.
control
Professor Smythe is trying to determine if beverage consumption increases at a ballpark if the home team is winning. She would likely use ________ while analyzing her data.
deductive reasoning
A(n) ________ variable is caused or influenced by the independent variable.
dependent
A field study which constrains the researcher from becoming involved in the event or group being studied is known as ________ observation.
detached
Philippe Bourgois' three year study of the culture of crack dealers in Spanish Harlem is an example of ________.
ethnography
The field study of other cultures is known as ________.
ethnography
What group experiences variable manipulation?
experimental group
In which of these methods can replication be easy and convenient?
experiments
Sociologists are conducting fewer ________ now than they once did.
experiments
Professor Martin sends four students, two white and two black, to different stores to apply for jobs, and analyzes whether their success was dependent on their race. She has conducted which type of research?
field experiment
What new research method combines some benefits of both field methods and experimental research?
field experiments
One potential problem with ________ is that research findings may be hard to generalize to other populations.
field studies
What do sociologists study?
human behavior
Seventeenth-century philosopher Auguste Comte, the founder of sociology, believed that ________.
human society follows permanent, unchangeable laws
A ________ predicts a relationship between two variables, independent and dependent.
hypothesis
________ attempts to answer which is the cause and which is the effect.
Causality
This type of research is best at illustrating social realities for sociologists.
Each method reveals part of the social experience.
In an experiment, the event or item to be manipulated is the ____________.
independent variable
Paulo observes one sixth grade teacher for an entire week. He writes a report on how instructor body language affects student interaction. Paulo is using ________.
inductive reasoning
An act of Congress in 1970 regarding research requires ________.
informed consent of research subjects
Which of these is a qualitative method that typically uses a small sample?
interviews
A dependent variable ________.
is influenced by one or more independent variables
An independent variable ________.
is usually the cause or influences the other, dependent variables
Recent research shows that in the battle of nature versus nurture, ________.
it is rarely either/or
According to scientific requirements, a cause is termed ________ when it always precedes an effect.
necessary
What flaw did researcher Eric Turkheimer find in past studies of twins and intelligence?
only middle-class twins were studied
What happens during peer review?
other sociologists/students evaluate your research
For researchers, one of the most difficult temptations to avoid is ________.
overstating the results
The study of a doomsday cult by Leon Festinger was possible through the use of ________.
participant observation
This research technique places the sociologist within the subject group.
participant observation
If one seeks to publish the results of research in an academic book, it must experience ________.
peer review
In designing a research study, ________ refers to the ability to generate testable hypotheses from data.
predictability
The ________ method relies more on inductive and inferential reasoning.
qualitative
When conducting research, what must a sociologist do to define the problem?
refine the questions and shape them into a manageable research topic
When conducting a social science research project, ________ means another researcher can duplicate the results.
reliability
What is the final step in the sociological research process?
reporting the findings
Institutional review boards at universities help ensure that ________.
researchers comply with standards and ethics in conducting research
A Likert scale measures ________.
responses from lowest to highest
One common research technique that involves reviewing existing data for new or unique insights is called ________ analysis.
secondary
A ________ sample is one in which subjects are divided into subgroups, each represented proportionately in the final sample.
stratified
This research method can collect data on many variables from large numbers of people.
surveys
When conducting scientific research, to be properly classified as data, information must be systematically collected and ________.
systematically organized
Peer review of scholarly articles ensures that research is competently evaluated, and that ________.
the editor's own biases do not prejudice her or him in the decision to accept or reject the article
When conducting research, "defining the problem" is another way of saying ________.
what specific issue you want to understand
In conducting a survey, sociologists ask a small group of people open-ended questions.
False
Qualitative data analysis usually involves surveys.
False
Qualitative research methods have no biases.
False
The technique of data analysis
Depends on the research method used
________ is a field method used by anthropologists.
Ethnography
A correlation between two phenomena means that one is the cause of the other.
False
Which of the following is a qualitative study that typically uses a small sample?
Interviews
To determine causality, sociologists must
Know the order in which the variables occur
Which of the following tools is used in quantitative research methods?
Likert scale
As ________, the number of predictive variables for a testable hypothesis increases.
a group increases in size
In the "Obedience to Authority" studies, Milgram determined that ________.
a majority will follow orders, without much protest
In conducting research, sociologists use ________.
the scientific method
In general, sociologists study ________.
the social behavior of humans
When dealing with predictability and sociology, ________.
there are too many human variables to completely predict future behavior
The student team of Andrew, Amber and Arturo must design a sociology research project. How should they choose their research method?
they choose the one best suited to the question or questions they want to ask
