Systems Analysis and Design Ch 8,9,10
A(n) transparent interface does not distract the user and calls no attention to itself.
True
An example of Web-based output is a system that provides customized responses to product or technical questions.
True
Either a page header or a page footer is used to display the report title and the page number.
True
Every page in a report should include a page header, which appears at the top of the page and includes the column headings that identify the data.
True
The use of a network-based application, often called a port protector, controls access to and from workstation interfaces.
True
To develop a user-centered interface, a designer must learn to think like a user and see the system through a user's eyes.
True
When designing an interface, to provide features that promote efficiency use default values if the majority of values in a field are the same.
True
When designing data entry screens, provide users with an opportunity to confirm the accuracy of input data before entering it.
True
With prototyping, users can "test-drive" the model in a risk-free environment and either approve it or request changes.
True
A key physical design element is the ____, which describes how users interact with a computer system.
UI
Good interface design is based partly on ___, which focuses on how an interface can be made attractive and easy to use.
aesthetics
Because every piece of information should be traceable back to the input data that produced it, a(n) ____ trail must be provided that records the source of each data item and when it entered the system.
audit
On a source document, the main part of the form, called the ___, usually takes up at least half of the space on the form and contains captions and areas for entering variable data.
body zone
When a system reads a physical record, it loads the data from storage into a ____, which is a segment of computer memory.
buffer
Although the vast majority of reports are designed graphically, some systems still produce one or more ____ reports that use a character set with fixed spacing.
character-based
In a data entry screen, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, a ____ is a control feature that is used to select one or more choices from a group.
check box
In a data entry screen, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, a ____ is a control feature that initiates an action such as printing a form or requesting help.
command button
When a primary key combines two or more fields, it is called any of the following EXCEPT a ___ key.
constructed
Companies use various output ____ methods to maintain output integrity and security.
control
In a well-designed detail report, a field called a(n) ___ field controls the output.
control
A ___ report is a type of detail report in which a control break causes specific actions, such as printing subtotals for a group of records.
control break
On a source document, the ___ contains codes, identification information, numbers, and date that are used for storing completed forms.
control zone
On a source document, the ___ contains codes, identification information, numbers, and dates that are used for storing completed forms.
control zone
In a typical file processing environment, ____ problems can occur if updates are not applied in every file.
data integrity
Controls database operations, including storing, retrieving, updating, and deleting data.
data manipulation language (DML)
One problem in a file processing environment is ____, which means that data common to two or more information systems is stored in several places.
data redundancy
Framework for organizing, storing, and managing data
data structure
A person who manages DBMS, accesses overall requirements and maintains the database for the benefit of the entire organization rather than a single department or user.
database administrator (DBA)
A(n) ___ produces one or more line of output for each record processed
detail report
A(n) ___ produces one or more lines of output for each record processed.
detail report
If variable input data is needed, provide a(n) ____ that explains what is needed.
dialog box
A ___ workstation is a network terminal that supports a full-featured user interface, but limits the printing or copying of data, except to certain network resources that can be monitored and controlled more easily.
diskless
In a data entry screen, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, a ____ is a control feature that displays the current selection and, when a user clicks the arrow, a roster of available choices displays.
drop-down list box
Good user interface design is based partly on ____, which describes how people work, learn, and interact with computers.
ergonomics
A(n) ___ displays only those records that meet a specific condition or conditions.
exception report
A(n) ____ displays only those records that meet a specific condition or conditions.
exception report
Most date formats now are based on the model established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which requires a format of ____.
four digits for the year, two digits for the month, and two digits for the day (YYYYMMDD)
The concept that the quality of the output is only as good as the quality of the input, which sometimes is known as ____, is familiar to IT professionals, who recognize that the best time to avoid problems is when data is entered.
garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)
A reasonableness check is a data validation check that ___.
identifies values that are questionable, but not necessarily wrong
A system is reliable if it handles ___.
input errors hardware failures processing errors human mistakes
.Good interface design is based partly on ___, which provides the operational structure required to carry out the design objectives.
interface technology
Good interface design is based partly on ___, which provides the operational structure required to carry out the design objectives.
interface technology
A combination check is a data validation check that ___.
is performed on two or more fields to ensure that they are consistent or reasonable when considered together
An existence check is a data validation check that ____.
is used for mandatory data items
During the systems design phase, ____ fields are used to organize, access, and maintain data structures.
key
A data ____ language controls database operations, including storing, retrieving, updating, and deleting data.
manipulation
Input ____ are templates that make it easier for users to enter data.
masks
The ___ is a control feature at the top of a data entry screen that displays the menu options.
menu bar
To bridge the gap between a database and the Web and enable data to be viewed and updated, it is necessary to use ____, which is software that integrates different applications and allows them to exchange data.
middleware
In a ___ design, you create individual components that connect to a higher-level program or process.
modular
In older systems, often the user interface mainly consisted of ____-control screens that allowed a user to send commands to the system.
process
User provides an example of the data requested
query by example (QBE)
A(n) ___, which is used to access stored data, allows a user to specify a task without specifying how the task will be accomplished.
query language
In the event of a file catastrophe, ____ can be used to restore the file or database to its current state at the time of the last backup.
recovery procedures
One type of validity check, called ____ integrity, is a set of rules that avoids data inconsistency and quality problems.
referential
Continues to be dominant approach for organizing, storing, and managing business data
relational database (model)
Which of the following is a guideline for the design of data entry screens that are easy to learn and use?
restrict users access to screen locations where data is entered provide a descriptive caption for every field display a default value when a field value will be constant for successive records
Means that a system can be expanded, modified, or downsized easily to meet the rapidly changing needs of a business enterprise.
scalability
A system is maintainable if it is ____.
scalable easily modified flexible
Because user tend to skim a Web page, picking out individual words and sentences, Web designers must use ___ to capture and hold a user's attention.
scannable text
The complete definition of a database, including descriptions of all fields, tables, and relationships, is called a(n) ____.
schema
When designing data entry screens, provide an on-screen instruction to let users know the date format, and provide an example if the user must enter ___.
separators
In a file-oriented information system, a transaction file ____.
stores records that contain day-to-day business and operational data
In a file-oriented information system, a master file ____.
stores relatively permanent data about an entity
Initial screen designs can be presented to users in the form of a(n) ____, which is a sketch that shows the general screen layout and design.
storyboard
A data ____, which is a framework for organizing and storing data, consists of one or more files or tables.
structure
For upper-level managers who often want to see total figures and do not need supporting details, a(n) ____ is appropriate.
summary report
HTML uses formatting codes called ____, which specify how the text and visual elements on a Web page will be displayed in a Web browser.
tags
A range check is a data validation check that ____.
tests data items to verify that they fall between a specified minimum and maximum value
In a data entry screen, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, a ____ can display messages or provide a place for a user to enter data.
text box
In a data entry screen, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, a ____ is a control feature that is used to represent on or off status and switches to the other status when clicked.
toggle button
Some forms use a ____ that contains icons or buttons that represent shortcuts for executing common commands.
toolbar
In a source document, if totals are included on a form, they appear in the ___ zone.
totals
Printed outputs is used in ___ documents, which are output documents that are later entered back into the same or another information system.
turnaround
Interface designers can obtain data, called ___ metrics, by using software that can record and measure user interaction with a system.
usability
Some firms use ____ facsimile to allow a customer to request a fax using e-mail, via the company Web site, or by telephone.
Automated
___ is often used by large firms to scan and store images of original documents to provide high-quality record management and archiving.
COM
One common method of indicating ____ is called crow's foot notation because of the shapes, which include circles, bars, and symbols that indicate various possibilities.
Cardinality
___ describes how instances of one entity relate to instances of another entity.
Cardinality
____ codes use a keyword to encode a number.
Cipher
A(n) is a collection of tools, features, and interfaces that enables users to add, update, manage, access, and analyze the contents of a database.
DBMS
Many physicians feel that ___ software is difficult to use and does not meet their needs.
EHR
A(n) ___ is a graphical model of an information system that depicts the relationships among system entities.
ERD
___ is the process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access to the data.
Encryption
Although online data entry is used in specific situations, most business activity requires batch input.
False
An interface designer does not need to understand the underlying business functions or how the system supports individual, departmental, or enterprise goals.
False
Generally, reports used by individuals at higher levels in an organization include more detail than reports used by lower-level employees.
False
In a user-centered system, the distinction is clear between input, output, and the interface itself.
False
Podcasts are especially important for legal reasons, or where it is necessary to display a signature, date stamp, or other visual features of a document.
False
To create an attractive user interface layout and design, when the user enters data that completely fills the field, move automatically to the next field.
False
Using batch input, data entry is performed continuously.
False
When a system produces multiple reports, each report should have completely different design elements.
False
A(n) ___ is a user interface that allows users to interact with graphical objects and pointing devices.
GUI
___ describes the relationship between computers and the people who use them to perform business-related tasks.
HCI
In most organizations, the ___ department is responsible for output control and security measures.
IT
When designing data entry screens, provide an on-screen instructions to let users know the date format, and provide an example if the user must enter ___.
Masks
___ is a process of creating table designs by assigning specific fields or attributes to each table in a database.
Normalization
___ protects privacy rights and shields an organization's proprietary data from theft or unauthorized access.
Output security
With a(n) ____ language, the user provides an example of the data requested.
QBE
Many database programs generate ____, which is a language that allows PC client workstations to communicate with servers and mainframe computers.
SQL
