test #10 review

Which of the following central elements has the greatest oxidation number?

KMn04

Which of the following is true of platelets?

Megakaryocytes are the precursors to platelets

products of fermentation

NAD+, alcohol, carbon dioxide & lactic acid

Which of the following molecules has the shortest N-O bond length?

NO+

Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT R=.0821

The lower the ksp value

Precipitate will form first

acid catalyzed alcohol addition

What's added: H+ and OR- Regioselectivity: Markovnikov Stereoselectivity: N/A Intermediate: carbocation Rearrangement: possible

teichoic acid

a phosphorylated polyalcohol found in the cell wall of some gram-positive Bacteria

oxidation occurs at the

anode

Where does gluconeogenesis and glycosis occur?

cytosol

What helps some bacteria survive in extreme environments?

endospore

Excitatory neurotransmitters

excite the next cell into firing/depolarize

Megaspores will develop into which of the following?

female gametophyte

Which of the following is a vascular plant that does NOT produce seeds?

ferns

During which stages of cellular respiration is NADH produced?

glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation, and citric acid cycle

PCC turns secondary alcohols

into ketones

bromine is a

liquid

A person eats pasta containing 14C-labeled carbohydrates. After digestion and absorption, where would radioactivity accumulate?

liver

Which of the following descriptions accurately describes a metal?

metals tend to form cations in aqueous solutions

Where does beta-oxidation and pyruvate decarboxylation, and krebs cycle occur occur in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrial matrix

A particular compound has a formula NaClOx where x is unknown. If the molecular mass of the compound is 33.3% Cl, what is the formula of the compound?

naclo3 mm 106.4

Bryophytes

nonvascular plants (liverwortsm hornworts, mosses)

Which of the following statements best describes the stereochemistry at the reactive site of an SN1 reaction?

not stereospecfic and results in a racemic mixture of products

paramagnetic

odd number of electrons unpaired

cathode

performs reduction

All of the following structures can be found in animal cells EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

plastids

An unedited human gene is inserted into a prokaryote to study its function. However, the prokaryote does not express the inserted gene. Which of the following is the most likely reason the prokaryote cannot express the human gene?

prokaryotes cannot remove introns

base

proton acceptor

acid

proton donor

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Boyle's Law?

pushing on a ballon

what maximizes the area of a rectangle?

square

A population of foxes has white, black, and intermediate gray fur colors. Another population of eagles begins eating foxes that have either white fur or black fur. After one year, most foxes are an intermediate shade of gray. What form of natural selection has taken place?

stabilizing

witting

swap the carbonyl O with the R groups of witting reagent

Which statement explains why HI is a stronger acid than HBr?

the bond length between H-I is lower than H-Br

What is the Haldane effect?

the oxygenation of hemoglobin lowers its affinity for CO2.

In a given electrochemical cell, a spontaneous reaction occurs where metal A forms the cathode and metal B forms the anode. Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is correct?

the reduction potential of metal A> the reduction potential of metal B

What is the Bohr effect?

the regulation of hemoglobin binding by hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide

Tollen's reagent

uses silver nitrate as an oxidizing agent; positive test results in aldehydes reducing Ag+ to metallic silver

All of the following statements about viral replication are true EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

virus sheds its plasma membrane when entering cell

All of the following reactions form carbon-carbon bonds

wittig, adol reaction, diels alder, michael addition

All of the following reactions form carbon-carbon bonds EXCEPT for one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

wolf kishner reduction

What is the concentration in molarity of a 10% (w/w) solution of HClO4 (MM = 100.46 g/mol) that has a density of 1500 g/L?

(10 g/100g)* (1500g/1L)*(1 mol/100 g Hclo4)=1.50

Hydroboration-Oxidation

-1. BH3, THF 2. H2O2, NaOH -add OH and H across alkene -syn-addition -Anti-Markovnikov addition of water -enatiomers are formed

The vapor pressure of pure liquid solvent X is 0.50 atm. When a nonvolatile substance B is added to solvent X, the vapor pressure of the resulting mixture is 0.40 atm. What is the mole fraction of B in the mixture?

0.20 ** psolution= mol fraction of solvent *Psolvent

An aqueous solution of 0.75 M glucose has an osmotic pressure of 18.5 atm at 300 K. If the osmotic pressure is doubled, and the temperature were tripled, what would be the molarity of the resulting solution?

0.50 osmotic pressure (pi=iMRT) 2=M*3 /// 2/3*0.75=0.5

What is the probability of making an XxyyZZ offspring from XxYyZz and XXYyZZ parents?

1/16

products of glycolysis

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

A sample of an ideal gas at 25oC and 1 atm has a volume of 1.2 L. What will be the volume of the same sample of gas at 0.5 atm pressure and 25oC?

2.4 (p1v1)=(p2v2)

How many autosomes are present in the nucleus of a human cell?

44

products of beta oxidation

Acetyl CoA, NADH, FADH2

In which of the following substances is dispersion likely to be the most important factor in determining boiling point?

CH4

smallest bond angles?

H20

Which of the following is the strongest acid?

HCLO4

Which of the following pairs of structures have similarity in function?

SNS and adrenal medulla(Nor and ep) (increases HR, BP, breathing rate, and pupil size)

The maximum frequency of action potentials is determined by which of the following?

absolute refractory period

Which of the following functional groups is most easily oxidized?

aldehyde

H2SO4

alkene

Oxymercuration-Demercuration

alkene + alcohol-->ether

diamagnetic

all electrons are paired** even number of electrons

vapor pressure and boiling point

are inversely related

At which stage does the embryo implant into the uterine wall?

blastocyst

What do lysosomes do when combined with aa and proteins?

break down proteins into aa

Primary alochols with KMn04

cOOH

Which of the following is most likely to lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation?

downregulated p53 gene

What would be an expected response to low blood sugar?

increased adrencoticotropic horomone

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

inhibit the next cell from firing/hyperpolarize

Where does the ETC occur?

inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

Parathyroid hormone will increase which of the following in the nephron?

reabsoption of calcium ions

The min frequency of action potentials is determined by which of the following?

relative refractory

EAS

replace an H on an aromatic ring with an electrophile

s

s character 100%, p 0%

sp3

s-25%- p%75%

sp2

s-33%- p:66%

sp

s:50% p:50%

What does the adrenal cortex do

secretes steroid hormones

The oxygen released during photosynthesis is produced from which of the following?

splitting of H20

What is the function of a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule?

self-recognition

Iodine

solid

Solution A is found to have a higher vapor pressure than solution B. Based on this finding, which of the following conclusions can be made about solution A compared to solution B?

solution a has a lower boiling point and weaker intermolecular forces

What is chemiosmosis?

the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

Activated platelets release

thromboplastin-which converts the inactive precursor prothrombin into its active form, thrombin.

What enzyme relieves supercoiling on the replicating strand during DNA replication?

topoisomerase