The Cardiovascular System (Chapter 6)

Myocardium

A layer of cardiac muscles that makes up the middle of the heart.

Diastolic pressure

A measurement of blood pressure between heartbeats, when the heart is "resting" between contractions.

Systolic pressure

A measurement of blood pressure while the heart ventricles are contracting.

Bundle of His

A slender bundle of modified cardiac muscle that conducts electrical impulses from the AV node to the left and right bundle branches.

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A small node of modified cardiac muscle fibers at the junction of the atria and ventricles.

Wat instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

A sphygmomanometer

Veins

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs, tissues, and cells of the body.

Systole

Contraction of the ventricles

Purkinjee Fibers

Fibers in the impulse conducting network of the heart that rapidly transmit impulses through the ventricles.

Diastole

Relaxation of ventricles

Arterioles

Small arterial branches that lead to capillaries.

Capillaries

Small, thin-walled blood vessels with semipermeable membranes to allow for gas exchange.

DUB

Sound made by the pulmonary and aortic valves when they close.

Which term describes the upper chambers of the heart?

The atria; they receive blood from the veins of the body.

Endocardium

The inner most of the heart that lines the four chambers and covers the valves of the heart.

Apex

The lowest part of the exterior of the heart is called the apex.

What is the nodal system?

The node system is responsible for electrical current conduction in the heart.

Blood pressure

The pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery or vein.

How are the lungs involved in cardiovascular circulation?

The right ventricle pumps blood into the lungs to be oxygenated, while the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body via the aorta.

Pericardium

The sac surrounding the heart.

Auscultation

The use of a stethoscope to listen to sounds within the cavities.

Which term describes the lower chambers o the heart?

The ventricles; they receive blood from the atria and then pump the blood into the systemic circulation (circulation in which blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body).

Venules

They are tiny blood vessels that merge with the veins.

What is the primary purpose of the cardiovascular system?

To circulate oxygen - rich blood throughout the body.

LUB

sound made by the tricuspid and bicuspid valves when they close.

Bunde Branches

Conducting fibers that continue to pass on the electrical impulse in the cardiac conduction system.

Heartbeat

Is really the sound of the valves in heart closing as they push blood through the chambers of the heart.

What is the heart rate for an adult?

It's between 60 and 90 beats per minute (bpm), with an average rate of 72 bpm.

Sinoatrial node

It's the pacemaker of the heart. When electrical impulses affect the SA node, the atria contracts.