The English Civil War
Regicide
act of killing a king
Act of Uniformity
act of parliament that reasserted the book of common prayer with some catholic alterations as the chief book of the anglican church
Henry Ireton
he was the son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell, he served as a general in the Parliamentary army. he wanted Cromwell to take the crown and be king
Popish Plot
hysteria over the belief that Charles II's wife was plotting to kill him and put his brother, James, an open Catholic, on the throne
Ship Money
in earlier times, coastal towns had to supply the king with ships, or their value in money. Charles I made all towns and landowners pay ship money. It caused the five knights cases.
Levelers
these Englishmen wanted every man in England to have a vote and thus a say in government. All were equal before the law
Great Plague
1666, 70 thousand were killed as it swept across england. during this time Newton came up with the theory of gravity
Catherine of Braganza
Charles II wife and she is a Catholic from Portugal
James Butler
He was sent to Ireland by Charles to rule. When the king dies, he raises an army to go fight parliament.
Republic
A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.
Council of State
A group of 30 executives, judges, and peers who were members of the independent party
Battle of Marston Moor
A major Scottish/Parliamentary victory against the Royalists in 1644. It was the turning point of the war and caused the self denying ordinance to be signed.
John Hampden
A member of Parliment who refused to pay the "ship tax"; He was considered a symbol of defiance by standing up to the kings power. He appeared before the star court chamber and was aquitted.
Independents
A political party in parliament that want the church to be free of bishops and kings.
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. They made up a majority of the working class.
Congregationalism
A system of organization among Christian churches whereby individual local churches are largely self-governing.
John Felton
An ex soldier who went to help in La Rochelle and came back expecting a pension. When he did not receive this pension, he blamed the duke of buckingham and assasinated him.
Henrietta Maria
Charles I catholic wife. Protestants did not like her because she causes Charles to add more catholic elements to the church of england
Lord Protector
Cromwell disbanded parliament and took this title when parliament moved to quit funding the New Model Army
Baptists
Dissenters of the Church of England; focused on the power of local churches; stresses following in example; each person interprets the Bible the way the Holy Spirit tells them how; emphasis on New Testament; no Church creeds. It was very simple and appealed to rural people
John Elliot
He was a gentry in the house of commons whose speeches against the king and the duke of Buckingham got him thrown in the tower of london. He died as a martyr.
King Charles II
He was asked to be king by Parliament in 1659. He restored the monarchy, therefore his rule is known as the Restoration.
Thomas Fairfax
He was made head of Parliament army but he did what Cromwell told him to. He was a lord who sided with them against the King.
Diggers
More of a fringe group, these occupied and cultivated commonlands, or lands privately owned in a general repudiation of property. Wanted communal ownership of property.
Prince Rupert
Nephew of Charles I, led the king's cavalry forces.
Court of Star Chamber
One of the King's personal courts. They always ruled in his favor except on one occasion. Perrogative Court. If you came before it you were pretty much guilty
Earl of Manchester
Parliment leader in the war who said, "If we defeat the king 99 times, he is still our king, but if he defeats us once, we all hang." He was too cautious in battle and this weakened parliment.
Battle of Drogheda
Part of the Irish war where Cromwell surrounds the city and tries to starve them out. The people inside refuse to surrender because the catholic priest told them they would go to hell if they surrendered to the Protestent forces. Cromwell stormed the city and killed everyone there.
Self-Denying Ordinance
Passed after the battle or Marsten Moor, it stated that all the top commanders had to resign their reign. It was a way to get Essex and Manchester out of power and put Fairfax and Cromwell in it instead.
National Covenant
Pledged to resist any attempt to change their religious institutions without their consent. The Scotish did not want Anglican bishops.
John Bradshaw
President of the court who tried Charles I. He was appointed because of his ignorance of the law.
1st Duke of Buckingham
Prime minister for Charles I. He was assasinated by angry puritins. Parliment tried to impeach him twice but failed.
Dissenters
Protestant whose views and opinions differed from those of the Church of England. They wanted to not follow the book of common prayer
Richard Cromwell
Succeeded his father as Lord Protector, but was weak and quickly fell from power.
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
King Charles I
The English monarch who was beheaded by Puritans (see English Civil War) who then established their own short-lived government ruled by Oliver Cromwell (1650s).
Monopoly Sales
The king bought monopolies and killed all competition. This made puritains mad because they made up the majority of the business class that it effected.
Ironsides
The nickname for Cromwell's troops based on their military discipline and their faith.
Earl of Essex
The parliment leader at the battle of Edgehill. He was not very good.
5th Monarchy Men
They are a radical religious group that believe Jesus will come down and rule over England for 1000 years.
latitudarian
They believe that there should be "latitude" in interpreting doctrine. Started by anglican bishops.
1st Earl of Strafford
Thomas Wentworth. He came back from ireland to work for the king. He is impeached by the long parliment and is eventually beheaded and Charles signed his death warrant to get money to fund his war in scotland.
Battle of Naseby
a battle in 1645 that settled the outcome of the first English Civil War as the Parliamentarians won a major victory over the Royalists
Presbyterianism
a branch of the Protestant reformation that grew in Scotland, many of their ideas are rooted in Calvinism. They believed in a method of church governance where there were no bishops
Petition of Right
a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing. Caused the King to enter an 11 year period of Personal Rule
Declaration of Breda
a proclamation by Charles II that he would pardon people who committed crimes during the English Civil War Interregnum save those people who killed his father
Treaty of Dover
alliance between England and France by which Charles II promised to convert to Catholicism in return for funds from France
Royal Society
an honorary English society (formalized in 1660 and given a Royal Charter by Charles II in 1662) through which the British government has supported science
James, Duke of York
brother of Charles II; took possession of the conquered Dutch province of New Netherland, renaming it NY, and conveyed ownership of the adjacent province of New Jersey to two of the Carolina proprietors.
Battle of Edgehill
october 1642. The king wins and continues to win other battles
John Pym
outspoken member of Parliament, tried to impeach Duke of Buckingham, legally attacked Laud, and star chamber. King tries to threaten him but has already fled and returns a week later, after the King has left. The greatest voice of the long parliment
Westminster Confession of Faith
presbyterian theological document produced int he late 1640s that allowed all english-speaking presbyterians to formally announce their faith; after 1660, remained in force in scotland and among some congregations in america and england
Divine Right
the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.
George Monck
was an English soldier and the general who was instrumental in restoring the Stuart monarchy to the England, Scotland, and Ireland
John Bunyan
wrote Pilgrim's Progress
Short Parliament
1640. Parliament called by Charles I to raise taxes to fund fighting the war against Scotland. This Parliament refused to grant Charles his new taxes if he didn't acknowledge Parliamentary rights outlined in the Petition of Right and grant church reforms. Charles disbanded parliament after only a month.
Anglicanism
A Protestant denomination of the Christian faith founded by Henry VIII in England
Long Parliament
(1640-1648) desperate for money after Scottish invasion of northern England-Charles finally agreed to demands by Parliament: Parliament could not be dissolved w/o its own consent; had to meet a min. of once every 3 years; ship money abolished; leaders of persecution of Puritans to be tried and executed; Star Chamber abolished; common law courts supreme to king's courts; refused funds to raise army to defeat Irish revolt-Puritans came to represent majority in Parliament
Bishops War
King Charles' attempt to enforce the use of The Book of Common Prayer by invading Scotland. The scottish did not want an anglican bishop in their country because they were mostly presbyterian
Claredon Code
Passed by royalists in Parliament between 1661 and 1665 which exculded Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, and Independents from the official reigious and political life of England.
Second Civil War
The King tried to raise an army to defeat parliament after he lost and was taken off the throne. It ended with him being beheaded.
New Model Army
The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war.
Millenarianism
The doctrine of or belief in a future thousand-year age of blessedness, beginning with or culminating in the Second Coming of Christ. It is central to the teaching of groups such as Plymouth Brethren, Adventists, Mormons, and Jehovah's Witnesses.
Cavaliers
In the English Civil War (1642-1647), these were the troops loyal to Charles II. Their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell.
Grand Remonstrance
List of Grievances that led to Charles fleeing and making an army to combat Oliver Cromwell.
Archbishop William Laud
Lived from (1573-1645) was King Charles' high archbishop advisor who was against the Puritans and Prebyterians that tried to make a common book of Prayer identical to the one in England.
Habeus Corpus Act
Charles II signed this, which protects people from arrest without due process
Thomas Pride
Colonel who instigated Pride's Purge, beginning the Rump Parliament at the end of the Long Parliament.
Battle of Dunbar
Cromwell caputures Edinburgh
Edward Hyde
During the war, he was on the side of parliament, but he helps the king with the restoration and is made lord chancellor.
House of Commons
England's lower house in Parliament. 3/4 of them were puritins. They wanted Charles to change to government to a republic.
Titus Oates
English conspirator who claimed that there was a Jesuit plot to assassinate Charles II (1649-1705)
Oliver Cromwell
English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)
Thomas Harrison
the leader of the Fifth Monarchy Men
interregnum
time between rulers
Arminianism
Belief that salvation is offered to all humans but is conditional on acceptance of God's grace. Different from Calvinism, which emphasizes predestination and unconditional election.
Act of Indemnity
It gave Charles II permission to kill the members of parliament that signed his father's death warrant.
Personal Rule
It lasted from 1629 to 1640; the period when Charles I ruled England without summoning the Parliament once. 11 years
Stuart Restoration
reestablishment of monarchy in the person of Charles II, the son of Charles I, after Cromwell's death. It temporarily ended England's troubles.