The Enlightenment
who said, "No man has any natural authority over his fellow men"
Rousseau
according to john locke what are your natural rights
life, liberty, property
this person believed that humans are basically beasts and need government to keep laws and order
thomas hobbes
What was Montesquieu's influence on the U.S. Constitution?
three branches of gov
What did all this enlightenment thinking lead to?
All of the philosopher's book and essays did little until political leaders and ordinary people took seriously Enlightenment philosophers called for change. Later on the American Revolution and the French Revolution involves people taking the ideas of the philosophers very seriously.
What rights did Voltaire think people had?
Another French enlightenment thinker by the name of Voltaire wrote poetry and over 50 plays. He criticized the wealth and privileges of Kings and nobles and the Catholic Church. Voltaire defended a person's right to think and speech freely. Government should also accept the rights of religious freedom, freedom of speech, and freedom of press.
What did Montesquieu say about government?
Baron de Montesquieu studied government (Ancient Rome and government at his time period) and in 1748 published, The Spirit of the Laws. He studied the best monarchs used their power and wealth to benefit everyone. Goodness held a republic together and leaders should be elected. He admired the English government of the 1700s where it divided into 3 branches. Montesquieu said separating the power kept each of the 3 branches from becoming too powerful ( each branches checked and balanced the power of the 2 other branches)
What is the Enlightenment?
During the 1700's, French writers and aristocrats used reason to solve society's problems. The social movement was called the Enlightenment or Age of Reason. The enlightenment thinkers (philosophers) wabted to change unreasonable customs and traditions in government.
What did Locke have to say about government?
Englishman John Locke and thought government should keep order in society. Locke was different from Hobbes since people were reasonable and giving them a chance would lead to an act in an orderly manner. He pushed natural rights which is the right to life, liberty, and property. Government should protect natural rights and if they didn't then people should rebel.
What exactly were "Enlightened" thinkers and what were their goals?
Enlightenment thinkers called themselves philosophers. They applied science and reason to society to benefit society. There goals were to improve how people lived, think clearly and logically without letting their feelings guide them, and to use scientific reason to study every part of society (education, religion, economics, law, and government).
How did the Enlightenment get started?
Isaac Newton published "Mathematic Principles of Natural Philosophy," which used mathematics and reason to show gravity applied to the universe. His science later influenced natural laws which controlled human action and could solve the problems of society.
How did Rousseau differ from Hobbes?
Jean Jacques Rousseau was a philosopher living in France. Hobbes believed people were born greedy and selfish and Rousseau believed people were born good and that civilization made them evil. Rousseau believed peasants were equal to kings and nobles since everyone is equal. Also sharing customs, traditions and value held communities together.
What did Thomas Hobbes day about government?
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher and believed people once agreed to give up freedom to a ruler to gain order and safety. He recommended a social contract (between government and people) that is an agreement to obey the ruler. He said order was more important than liberty and reason, not religion, should direct people lives.
what were the consequences of the enlightenment
american revolution, french revolution, hawaiian revolution
t o f: enlightenment thinkers argued that religion and gov should be closely tied together
false
who said that people are the source of power of government
john locke
who said: "all people have the natural rights, including life, liberty, and property"
locke
who said: " I believe that women should be educated and work in the same jobs as men.."
mary wollstonecraft
who proposed that government should have a system of checks and balances by separating powers
montesquieu
what is Rousseaus idea for a society in which people enter into an agreement with government
social contact
this person argued for freedom of speech and religion, and the separation of church and state
voltaire
who said: " I disapprove of what you say, but i will defend to the death your right to say it"
voltaire