The Periodic Table
Which statement describes why elements are classified into the groups, such as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?
The elements in each group have similar properties.
What predominant feature characterizes noble gases?
They are the least reactive elements.
The periodic table includes all of the known elements in the world. How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
by their atomic number
Which element is the most reactive out of the list below?
chlorine
An unknown element is a soft metallic solid. It is highly reactive and has a low melting point. In which group of the periodic table is it most likely to be found?
1
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons that the element contains.What is the atomic number of the element aluminum?
13
What is the atomic number of the element sulfur?
16
How many valence electrons does a neutral atom of oxygen have?
6
Look at the box below.What is the average atomic mass of the element listed in this diagram?
9.012
Elements on the periodic table can be represented by chemical symbols. A chemical symbol is a shorthand way of representing the elements. What is the chemical symbol for the element carbon?
C
Which of the following statements is true?
Elements on the left side of the periodic table tend to bond with elements on the right side.
Which of the following is most likely to be a reason why the element hydrogen is placed in group 1 of the periodic table?
Hydrogen has only one electron in its outer shell.
Halogens (group 17) are the most reactive nonmetallic elements. Which of the following statements are true of halogens as their atomic numbers increase? I. The atoms become larger. II. The outer electron shells are farther from the nucleus. III. The nucleus has more attraction for electrons of other atoms. IV. The atoms become more active.
I and II only
Which of the following is true of all the elements in group 2 on the periodic table? I. They are all metals. II. They all have two electrons in their outermost shell. III. They all tend to lose electrons and become positive ions. IV. They all have similar chemical properties.
I, II, III, and IV
Brandon is trying to remember how the physical and chemical properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids compare. He wrote some notes down, then looked in his textbook to see which notes were correct. Which of Brandon's notes, listed below, are correct? I. Metals are the best at conducting heat, and nonmetals are the worst. II. Metals are the worst at conducting electricity, and nonmetals are the best. III. The shape of nonmetals is easy to change, but the shape of metals or metalloids is difficult to change. IV. Nonmetals are dull in appearance while metals are usually shiny. V. Metals tend to have a high density, and nonmetals tend to have a low density.
I, IV, and V only
Which of the following groups contains members with similar chemical reactivity?
O, S, Te
Which of the following properties is true for any period within the periodic table?
The number of electrons increases from left to right.
The diagrams below show a sulfur ion and a chlorine ion. What is the main difference between these two ions?
The number of protons is different.
What do all the elements in group 2 of the periodic table have in common?
They all have the same number of valence electrons.
Which of the following statements about the elements in group 2 of the periodic table is true?
They all have two electrons in their outermost shell. They all have similar chemical and physical properties. They all tend to become positive ions when they bond with other elements. They are all metals.
Students studying different elements know that one particular element has the following set of properties: It has a low melting point. It has a low boiling point It exists as a diatomic molecule in the gas phase. It has seven valence electrons. It readily reacts with metals to produce a salt. Which of the following is most likely the element whose properties are listed above?
chlorine
The reactivity of elements can be predicted based on the position of an element in the periodic table. Based on the periodic table, which of the following elements would be expected to be the least reactive?
iodine (I)
Helium is placed in group 18 on the periodic table because
it has a full outer shell of electrons.
Metals tend to appear on the _______ side of the periodic table with the exception of _______ which is a nonmetal.
left; hydrogen
A scientist is studying an element that has the following properties:It is dense. It has a high melting point. It has a high boiling point. It is moderately reactive. It has two electrons in its outermost shell.Which of the following elements is the scientist most likely studying?
magnesium
If an element is located in the middle of the periodic table, into what category would it most likely fit?
metal
Antimony is like a nonmetal in that it is a brittle, crystalline solid, has poor electrical and heat conductivity, and has a low boiling point. However, it is also like a metal because of its shiny silver appearance and ability to form alloys. Into which of the following groups should antimony be placed?
metalloids
Which family of elements contains a full outer shell of electrons?
noble gases
The elements in the periodic table that have a completely filled outer subshell are known as
noble gases.
The periodic table consists of elements following a repeating pattern of
outermost electrons.
Which of the following elements is radioactive and synthetic?
plutonium
Determine the identity of the following element: This element has 4 valence electrons, shows properties of metals and nonmetals, and has 14 protons in the nucleus of each atom.
silicon
Based on its position in the periodic table, which of the following elements would be expected to be more reactive than phosphorus (P)?
sulfur (S)
The number written to the left of each period on the periodic table represents _______ possessed by elements in that period.
the number of electron shells
Most main group elements found within the same family on the periodic table tend to have
the same number of valence electrons.
Which of the following elements is a representative element?
aluminum (Al)