Topic 5 and 6

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Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is TRUE?

DNA is transcribed to form RNA and mRNA is translated to form proteins.

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

a plant or an animal

Cell walls

all of these answers are correct

Microfilaments

all of these answers are correct

Mitochondria are sites where

all of these answers are correct

The cytoskeleton is comprised of

all of these answers are correct

Which of the following are commonly made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

all of these answers are correct

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

all of these answers are correct

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

an endoplasmic reticulum

The proteins found in chloroplasts

are encoded either by DNA in the chloroplast or by nuclear DNA

The proteins found in mitochondria

are encoded either by DNA in the mitochondria or by nuclear DNA

Flagella and cilia

are formed using microtubules

Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is correct?

cell wall; support, protection

Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

chloroplast

Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?

chloroplasts

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Resolution is a measure

of the clarity of the image produced by a microscope

All of the following play an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

plant cell walls

Which of the following are found in plant cells?

plasmodesmata

Which types of RNA molecules are predominantly transcribed in a special region of the nucleus known as the nucleolus?

rRNA

Ribosomes are composed of

ribosomal proteins and rRNA

Which of the following organelles does NOT have membrane as an important part of its structure?

ribosomes

What is the most likely pathway for an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells?

rough endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus to vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

Which of the following is NOT surrounded by more than one membrane?

the endoplasmic reticulum

If the power of the eyepiece of a microscope is 10 and the power of the objective lens for that microscope is 50

the microscope will magnify images 500 times

Which of the following structures acts to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid between neighboring cells?

tight junctions

Which structure-function pair is FALSE?

microtubule; muscle contraction

Approximately what percentage of the cells in your body are human cells?

< 50%

Chloroplasts

All of these answers are correct.

In eukaryotes

All of these answers are correct.

Why might having separate, membrane-bound, compartments be an advantage to a cell?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following statements about plasma membranes is TRUE?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have plasma membranes, which act as semi-permeable barriers.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is FALSE?

Calcium atoms form a major part of the structure of the cytoskeleton

If a modern electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the nanometer level, which is much better than the best light microscopes, this is due to which of the following?

Electron beams have much shorter wave lengths than visible light.

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Free ribosomes carry out protein synthesis while floating free in the cytosol and bound ribosomes carry out protein synthesis while attached to a membrane.

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparatus

Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell where the majority of ribosomes in that cell are free ribosomes?

a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Its structure is not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

Light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells

Muscle contraction occurs as a result of

a motor protein known as myosin "walks" along actin filaments, causing the actin and myosin filaments to slide past one another

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Proteins

Which pathway is generally followed by a protein produced for secretion?

Rough ER, vesicle, Golgi, vesicle

Which of the following statements about vacuoles is TRUE?

Some animal cells and all plant cells have vacuoles, but only plant cells have large central vacuoles.

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is TRUE?

Vesicles that bud off from the trans side of the Golgi apparatus have molecules on their surfaces that can recognize "docking" sites on the surface of the plasma membrane.

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is TRUE?

Large molecules, such as RNA molecules and some proteins, are able to move in and out of the nucleus

by moving through nuclear pores

Which of the following structures acts to fasten together neighboring cells into sheets of tissue?

desmosomes

Electron microscopes are able to provide better resolution than light microscopes because

electrons have much smaller wavelengths than visible light

Which of the following structures provide cytoplasmic channels between neighboring cells?

gap junctions

In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?

lysosome

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

lysosome

Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization and movement of the cell. Which of the following is a part of the cytoskeleton?

microfilaments

Which of the following components of the cytoskeleton is made from actin filaments?

microfilaments


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