Topical

What is the name of a common ester topical anesthetic? A. Dyclonine hydrochloride B. Benzocaine C. Lidocaine D. Prilocaine 2.5%

B. Benzocaine

Prior to providing an injection, the topical agent should remain at the site of penetration for about 4 minutes. Anesthesia should be achieved to a depth of approximately 5-6 mm into the tissue A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. B. Both statements are false. C. Both statements are true. D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

B. Both statements are false.

Prior to providing an injection, the topical agent should remain at the site of penetration for about 4 minutes. Anesthesia should be achieved to a depth of approximately 5-6 mm into the tissue. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

B. Both statements are false.

While at room temperature, Oraqix is in gel form in the cartridge. It will liquidate as it reaches body temperature in the periodontal pocket. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

B. Both statements are false.

The onset of action for benzocaine is rapid. The duration of action for benzocaine is 5-15 minutes. A. Both statements are false. B. Both statements are true. C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

B. Both statements are true.

Topical anesthetics are available in concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 20%. Products available over the counter can have concentrations just as high as those used professional in the dental office. A. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. B. Both statements are true. C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. D. Both statements are false.

B. Both statements are true.

A toxic overdose of topical anesthetic may result in which of the following? A. Hypertension B. Bradycardia C. Tachycardia D. Both A and B

B. Bradycardia

To achieve the optimal anesthetic effect, topical anesthesia should remain at the site of application for _______. A. 1-2 min B. 3-5 min C. 5-10 min D. 10-12 min

A. 1-2 min

Possible localized adverse effects of topical anesthetics could include which of the following? A. All options listed B. Sloughing C. Stinging at the site of application D. Tissue discoloration

A. All options listed

Which of the following is true regarding Oraqix? A. All options listed B. Applicator assembly is easy C. Does not provide pulpal anesthesia D. It is a microemulsion

A. All options listed

Which of the following is/are true regarding topical anesthetics? A. Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given. B. Benzocaine and tetracaine are both amides, which increases their potential for causing an allergic reaction. C. If there were an allergic reaction, it is likely to present immediately at the time of anesthesia. D. All options listed

A. Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given

Which topical anesthetic has the most rapid onset of action? A. Benzocaine B. Lidocaine C. Dyclonine hydrochloride D. Tetracaine hydrochloride

A. Benzocaine

Unmetered sprays are not recommended because they do not allow control of the amount of anesthetic dispensed, nor are they easily contained at a specific site. A. Both statements and reason are correct and related B. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related C. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT C. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct D. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct

A. Both statements and reason are correct and related

While at room temperature, Oraqix is in gel form in the cartridge. It will liquidate as it reaches body temperature in the periodontal pocket. A. Both statements are false. B. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. C. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. D. Both statements are true.

A. Both statements are false.

Although topical anesthetics are generally regarded as safe, if used improperly they can produce adverse reactions that are fatal. A. True B. False

A. True

Methemoglobinemia has been reported following topical anesthesia use of benzocaine, particularly with higher concentrations of 14%-20% spray applications applied to the mouth and mucous membrane. An advisory statement informing the public of the association between benzocaine and methemoglobinemia has been released by the Institute of Safe Medication Practices and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

A. Both statements are true.

The onset of action for benzocaine is rapid. The duration of action for benzocaine is 5-15 minutes. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

A. Both statements are true.

Topical anesthetics are available in concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 20%. Products available over the counter can have concentrations just as high as those used professional in the dental office. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

A. Both statements are true.

What FDA Category does Oraqix fall into? A. Category B B. Category B or C, depending on concentration C. Category A D. Category C

A. Category B

Of the following patients, which is most likely to have a negative reaction to topical anesthetic? A. Child B. Patient of middle eastern ancestry C. A patient with type O+ blood D. All of the above

A. Child

All of the following are advantages of purchasing a single-dose unit of a topical anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Cost effective B. Dose manageable C. Less cross contamination D. Less messy

A. Cost effective

What is the name of a common ketone topical anesthetic? A. Dyclonine hydrochloride B. Benzocaine C. Tetracaine hydrochloride D. Lidocaine

A. Dyclonine hydrochloride

What is the maximum recommended dose of Oraqix at one dental treatment session? A. Five cartridges B. Two cartridges C. Four cartridges D. Eleven cartridges

A. Five cartridges

EMLA is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use on which of the following areas? A. Intact skin B. Mucous membranes C. Hard palate D. Soft palate

A. Intact skin

Which of the following is NOT an ideal property of an oral topical anesthetic? A. It produces dependency on repeated use. B. It produces dependency on repeated use. C. It has an acceptable taste. D. It permits a comfortable (pain-free) application.

A. It produces dependency on repeated use.

What is the main difference in the mechanism of action between topical anesthetics and injectable anesthetics? A. Location of the blocking of nerve conduction B. Increase of depolarization C. Decrease of excitability threshold D. All options listed

A. Location of the blocking of nerve conduction

What has the combined lidocaine/prilocaine cream been approved and effectively used for? A. Medical procedures B. Dental procedures C. Topical anesthetic for skin abrasions D. All options listed

A. Medical procedures

Which of the following is a eutectic mixture that will thicken into a gel once inserted into a periodontal pocket, relieving pain associated with nonsurgical periodontal therapy? A. Oraqix (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine gel) B. EMLA (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine cream) C. Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, tetracaine) D. Dyclonine hydrochloride

A. Oraqix (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine gel)

Which of the following are considered advantages of the application of dental topical anesthetics in a patch form? A. Site-specific B. Multiple choices C. Cost-effective D. All options listed

A. Site-specific

Allergic reactions associated with topical anesthetics are rare. It is not necessary to review a patient's medical history before applying a topical anesthetic agent. A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false B. The first statement is false; the second statement is true C. Both statements are true D. Both statements are false

A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false

The FDA has released a Public Health Advisory alerting consumers to the potential risk of life-threatening or fatal reactions to over-the-counter topical anesthetics. Some of these over-the-counter topical anesthetics are available in concentrations twice the strength of those used in the dental office. A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. B. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. C. Both statements are true. D. Both statements are false.

A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Which of the following would be an indication for use of a topical anesthetic? A. To minimize patient's gag reflex B. To numb patient's tongue so they will stop talking so much C. To achieve pulpal anesthesia D. To achieve anesthesia of the bone

A. To minimize patient's gag reflex

Concentrations available in over-the-counter products can be as high as those administered professionally in the dental office. A. True B. False

A. True

Lidocaine is metabolized in the liver and excreted via the kidneys with less than 10% remaining unchanged. A. True B. False

A. True

Tetracaine hydrochloride has a rather slow onset of action; however, it can last approximately 45 minutes. A. True B. False

A. True

Topical anesthetics generally penetrate _____ into to the tissue. A. 1 to 2 mm B. 2 to 3 mm C. 3 to 4 mm D. 5 to 6 mm

B. 2 to 3 mm

Topical anesthesia will anesthetize the affected area _______ into the tissue. A. 1-2 mm B. 2-3 mm C. 3-5 mm D. 5-7 mm

B. 2-3 mm

What is the available concentration of Oraqix? A. 5% lidocaine and 5% prilocaine B. 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine C.14% benzocaine, 2% butamben, and 2% tetracaine hydrochloride D. 20% benzocaine and 5% lidocaine

B. 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine

Which of the following are best practices to follow when administering local anesthesia of any kind in the dental office? A. Review the patient's health and dental history at all appointments. B. All options listed C. Know the concentration of the drug being used. D. Limit the area of application. E. Use the lowest concentration of anesthesia to satisfy clinical requirements.

B. All options listed

Which patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects to topical anesthetic agents? A. Elderly B. All options listed C. Medically compromised D. Children

B. All options listed

Why does the local and systemic absorption of topical anesthetics increase the risk of toxicity? A. Topical anesthetics are absorbed quickly into the tissue and blood stream due to vasodilation of the area. B. All options listed C. Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors. D. Topical anesthetics are formulated in high concentrations.

B. All options listed

Which of the following is/are true regarding topical anesthetics? A. If there were an allergic reaction, it is likely to present immediately at the time of anesthesia. B. Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given. C. Benzocaine and tetracaine are both amides, which increases their potential for causing an allergic reaction. D. All options listed

B. Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given.

Which of the following characteristics could contribute to the properties of an ideal intraoral topical anesthetic? A. Allergenic B. Allow pain-free application C. Dissolves readily at the site of application D. Produces some systemic toxicity

B. Allow pain-free application

Which of the following characteristics could contribute to the properties of an idealintraoral topical anesthetic? A. Dissolves readily at the site of application B. Allow pain-free application C. Produces some systemic toxicity D. Allergenic

B. Allow pain-free application

All of the following EXCEPT one are considered advantages for the use of topical anesthetic agents. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Minimize pain associated with needle insertion B. Can be purchased over the counter C. Useful in treatment of minor oral injuries D. Reduce gag reflex during radiographic procedures

B. Can be purchased over the counter

All of the following EXCEPT one are considered advantages for the use of topical anesthetic agents. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Useful in treatment of minor oral injuries B. Can be purchased over the counter C. Reduce gag reflex during radiographic procedures D. Minimize pain associated with needle insertion

B. Can be purchased over the counter

What FDA Category does Oraqix fall into? A. Category A B. Category B C. Category C D. Categories B or C, depending on the concentration used

B. Category B

All of the following are advantages of purchasing a single-dose unit of a topical anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Dose manageable B. Cost-effective C. Less cross-contamination D. Less messy

B. Cost-effective

What is the name of a common ketone topical anesthetic? A. Lidocaine B. Dyclonine hydrochloride C. Tetracaine hydrochloride D. Benzocaine

B. Dyclonine hydrochloride

Which of the following topical anesthetic agents is considered a ketone? A. Benzocaine B. Dyclonine hydrochloride C. Lidocaine D. A and B

B. Dyclonine hydrochloride

A patient presents to your dental office the day after her dental appointment complaining of swelling and itching on the right side of her face. You should reassure the patient that it is not possible that her symptoms are related to dental anesthesia. A. True B. False

B. False

Benzocaine topical anesthetic exists almost entirely in its base form, making absorption into circulation high. A. True B. False

B. False

Pulpal anesthesia can be achieved using 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine gel mixture. A. True B. False

B. False

The most commonly found form of lidocaine is in base form because it is water soluble and can easily penetrate and be absorbed into the tissues. A. True B. False

B. False

The over-the-counter product Anbesol with benzocaine can be safely used by all family members. A. True B. False

B. False

The published maximum dosage recommendation for the topical anesthetic benzocaine is 200 mg. A. True B. False

B. False

Benzocaine topical anesthetic exists almost entirely in its base form, making absorption into circulation high. A.True B. False

B. False.

Which of the following topical anesthetics is classified as an amide? A. Benzocaine B. Lidocaine C.Tetracaine Dyclonine

B. Lidocaine

What is the main difference in the mechanism of action between topical anesthetics and injectable anesthetics? A. Decrease of excitability threshold b. Location of the blocking of nerve conduction C. All options listed D. Increase of depolarization

B. Location of the blocking of nerve conduction

What is the most common topical preparation for lidocaine? A. Patch B. Ointment C. Solution D. Spray

B. Ointment

Which of the following local anesthetic agents is found in Oraqix? A. Mepivacaine B. Prilocaine C. Procaine D. Benzocaine E. Articaine

B. Prilocaine

Mild allergic reactions to topical anesthetic can include _______, _______, and _______. A. hematoma, cyanosis, nausea B. swelling, raised welts, itching C. slurred speech, drowsiness, difficulty breathing D. seizures, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest

B. swelling, raised welts, itching

A patient who has just been administered Oraqix gel (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) can expect a comfortable duration of anesthesia of approximately _______. A. 60 minutes B. 45 minutes C. 20 minutes D. 10 minutes

C. 20 minutes

What is the maximum recommended dose of Oraqix at one dental treatment session? A. 2 cartridges B. 4 cartridges C. 5 cartridges D. 11 cartridges

C. 5 cartridges

Methemoglobinemia has been reported following topical anesthesia use of benzocaine, particularly with higher concentrations of 14%-20% spray applications applied to the mouth and mucous membrane. An advisory statement informing the public of the association between benzocaine and methemoglobinemia has been released by the Institute of Safe Medication Practices and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A. Both statements are false. B. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. C. Both statements are true. D. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

C. Both statements are true.

The concentrations of topical anesthetics are greater than those of their injectable counterparts. Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors. A. The first statement is true. The second statement is false. B. The first statement is false. The second statement is true. C. Both statements are true. D. Both statements are false.

C. Both statements are true.

Topical anesthesia is available in many different forms: liquid, gel, spray, and patch. Topical anesthesia distributed in single dose applications decreases the possibility of cross-contamination. A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. B. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. C. Both statements are true. D. Both statements are false.

C. Both statements are true.

Unmetered sprays are not recommended because they do not allow control of the amount of anesthetic dispensed, nor are they easily contained at a specific site. A. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. B. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. C. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. D. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. E. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.

C. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Which topical anesthetic is not classified as an ester or an amide, but as a ketone? A. Benzocaine B. Lidocaine C. Dyclonine hydrochloride D. Tetracaine hydrochloride

C. Dyclonine hydrochloride

Which of the following topical anesthetics has a U.S. Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category B? A. Tetracaine hydrochloride B. Benzocaine C. Lidocaine/prilocaine D. Dyclonine hydrochloride

C. Lidocaine/prilocaine

What has the combined lidocaine/prilocaine cream been approved and effectively used for? A. Dental procedures B. Topical anesthetic for skin abrasions C. Medical procedures D. All options listed

C. Medical procedures

What is the most common topical preparation for lidocaine? A. Patch B. Spray C. Ointment D. solution

C. Ointment

Allergic reactions to topical anesthetic are _______. A. Very common B. Somewhat common C. Rare D. Unheard of

C. Rare

Which of the following are considered advantages of the application of dental topical anesthetics in a patch form? A. Multiple choices B. Cost effective C. Site specific D. All options listed

C. Site specific

What is the name of the most potent ester topical anesthetic? A. 2.5% Lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine cream B. Dyclonine hydrochloride C. Tetracaine hydrochloride D. Benzocaine

C. Tetracaine hydrochloride

To obtain the most benefit from the use of topical anesthetics, a fairly substantial amount of topical should be placed on the cotton tip applicator. This amount mixes with the saliva and may numb the tongue, soft palate, or pharynx. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Allergic reactions associated with topical anesthetics are rare B. Topical anesthetics are made available over-the-counter C. The more topical placed at the site of needle penetration the better D. Tetracaine hydrochloride is considered the most potent of the topical anesthetics

C. The more topical placed at the site of needle penetration the better

What is the reason that concentrations of topical anesthetic agents are higher than those of their injectable counterparts? A. Topical agents are not natural vasoconstrictors like injectable anesthetic agents. B. They facilitate high plasma concentrations of topical anesthetic agents. C. They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes. D. With topical anesthetic agents, systemic absorption decreases.

C. They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes.

What is the available concentration of Oraqix? A. 14% benzocaine, 2% butamben, and 2% tetracaine hydrochloride B. 20% benzocaine and 5% lidocaine C. 5% lidocaine and 5% prilocaine D. 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine

D. 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine

List the methods for delivery of topical anesthetic drugs

Cotton tip applicators, sprays, brushes, patches, blunted cannulas and/or syringes, and single-dose applicator swabs

Oraqix gel (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) produces an anesthetic effect within ____________. A. 15 minutes B. 10 minutes C. 5 minutes D. 30 seconds

D. 30 seconds

Possible localized adverse effects of topical anesthetics could include which of the following? A. Stinging at the site of application B. Tissue discoloration C. Sloughing D. All options listed

D. All options listed

Which of the following is true regarding Oraqix? A. It is a microemulsion B. Does not provide pulpal anesthesia C. Applicator assembly is easy D> All options listed

D. All options listed

Which of the following properties are advantages of topical anesthetics being in a liquid form? A. Provides anesthesia to a widespread area B. Useful to decrease a patient's gag reflex C. Can be applied to site-specific areas with an applicator D. All options listed

D. All options listed

Which patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects to topical anesthetic agents? A. Children B. Elderly C. Medically compromised D. All options listed

D. All options listed

Why does the local and systemic absorption of topical anesthetics increase the risk of toxicity? A. Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors. B. Topical anesthetics are formulated in high concentrations. C. Topical anesthetics are absorbed quickly into the tissue and blood stream due to vasodilation of the area. D. All options listed

D. All options listed

If plasma concentrations in the body become too high, the most prominent systemic effect will occur in which of the following systems? A. Respiratory system B. Cardiovascular system C. Central nervous system D. B and C

D. B and C

What is the name of a common ester topical anesthetic? A. Lidocaine B. Dyclonine hydrochloride C. Prilocaine 2.5% D. Benzocaine

D. Benzocaine

Which of following topical anesthetics do not always require a prescription? A. EMLA B. Cetacaine C. Oraqix D. Benzocaine

D. Benzocaine

Drying the mucosa with 2 × 2 gauze, prior to the application of topical anesthesia, assists in _______. A. accurate placement of the topical anesthetic B. Increasing visibility C. Increasing penetration depth to 5 mm D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

Topical anesthetics have a lower concentration of anesthetic than their injectable counterparts. This is necessary because some topical anesthetics contain a vasoconstrictor. A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. B. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. C. Both statements are true. D. Both statements are false.

D. Both statements are false.

Which of the following are symptoms of a localized reaction to topical anesthetic? A. Irritation, burning, and stinging at the site of application B. Dizziness, tinnitus, and involuntary muscular activity C. Tissue sloughing or discoloration and temporary change in taste perception D. Both A and C

D. D. Both A and C - Irritation, burning, and stinging at the site of application & Tissue sloughing or discoloration and temporary change in taste perception

All of the following are true regarding maximum recommended doses for topical anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. It is difficult to monitor exact doses being given B. Patches are a good way to monitor exact doses C. Maximum recommended dose does not exist for all topical anesthetics D. Exact doses can be measured using a cotton tip applicator

D. Exact doses can be measured using a cotton tip applicator

All of the following are considered ideal properties of a topical anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. It should produce no damage to the tissue B. It should have an acceptable taste C. It should not induce systemic toxicity D. It should be allergenic

D. It should be allergenic

Which method of delivery is recommended to decrease the risk of methemoglobinemia? A. Unmetered spray B. Metered spray C. Unmetered spray with disposable nozzle D. Metered spray with disposable nozzle

D. Metered spray with disposable nozzle

All of the following describes advantages of single unit-dose applications of topical anesthetics EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Prevents cross-contamination B. Doses administered can be monitored C. Less messy D. Requires less administration time

D. Requires less administration time

Topical anesthetics are available in a variety of forms. Which method of delivery is most likely to produce a toxic reaction? A. Patch B. Gel C. Applicator swab D. Spray

D. Spray

What is the name of the most potent ester topical anesthetic? A. Benzocaine B. 2.5% Lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine cream C. Dyclonine hydrochloride D. Tetracaine hydrochloride

D. Tetracaine hydrochloride

Which topical anesthetic has the longest average duration? A. Benzocaine B. Lidocaine C. Dyclonine hydrochloride D. Tetracaine hydrochloride

D. Tetracaine hydrochloride

To obtain the most benefit from the use of topical anesthetics, a fairly substantial amount of topical should be placed on the cotton tip applicator. This amount mixes with the saliva and may numb the tongue, soft palate, or pharynx. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

What is the reason that concentrations of topical anesthetic agents are higher than those of their injectable counterparts? A. They facilitate high plasma concentrations of topical anesthetic agents. B. With topical anesthetic agents, systemic absorption decreases. C. Topical agents are not natural vasoconstrictors like injectable anesthetic agents. D. They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes.

D. They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes.

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use for topical anesthesia? A. To increase comfort during minor dental hygiene procedures B. To reduce a patient's gag reflex while taking dental impressions C. To minimize the pain associated with needle insertion D. To achieve pulpal anesthesia prior to restorative dental procedures

D. To achieve pulpal anesthesia prior to restorative dental procedures

Which of the following are best practices to follow when administering local anesthesia of any kind in the dental office? A. Review the patient's health and dental history at all appointments. B. Use the lowest concentration of anesthesia to satisfy clinical requirements. C. Limit the area of application. D. Know the concentration of the drug being used. E. All options listed

E. All options listed

All of the following are possible localized adverse reactions associated with topical anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Burning or stinging B. Sloughing C. Tissue discoloration D. A and B E. Increased heart rate.

E. Increased heart rate.

Benzocaine is available in all of the following preparations EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Cream B. Gel C. Spray D. Patch E. Injectable

E. Injectable

List common forms of topical anesthetics used in dentistry A. Gel B. Spray C. Liquid D. Ointment E. One Patch Form F. All of the above

F. All of the above

List the methods for delivery of topical anesthetic drugs A. Cotton tip applications B. Sprays C. Brushes D. Patches E. Blunted Cannulas and or syringes F. Single-dose applicator swabs G. All of above

G. All of above

List Common forms of Topical Anesthetics used in Dentistry

Gel, spray, liquid, ointment, and one patch form