undernutrition

food desert

an area where 33% or 500 people, whichever is less, live more than a mile from a grocery store in an urban area or more than 10 miles away in a rural area

childhood

central nervous system is highly vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies, deficits will have lifetime impact, stunted growth, impaired immune system, high risk for diarrheal disease, iron deficiency (reduced stamina, cognitive deficits, behavioral problems)

pregnancy

closely spaced pregnancies give little time to replenish maternal nutrient stores (iron, folate, calcium depletion)

food insecurity

condition in which quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet is reduced. there is sometimes difficulty providing enough food for everyone in the household

green revolution

crop yields increased as a result of the introduction of agricultural technologies

biotechnology

development of crops with value added features

Undernutrition

dietary intake does not meet nutritional needs

overnutrition

dietary intake exceeds nutritional needs

famine

extreme shortage of food leading to widespread starvation, often associated with crop failure, war and political unrest

malnutrition

failing health that results from longstanding dietary practices that no not coincide with nutritional needs, encompasses both Undernutrition and overnutrition

adults

fixed income may limit food budget, decreased energy requirements but micronutrients needs remain high. depression, social isolation, physical and mental impairments may negatively impact food intake

gender and development approach

improving the status of women as part of sustainable developement

gestation/infancy

increased risk for preterm birth and LBW, reduced lung function, impaired immunity, and infant mortalility

bio fortification

increasing the nutrient content of crops to address specific nutrient deficiencies

sustainable agriculture

methods of food production that provide a secure living for farm families. maintain the natural environment and resources, support the rural community

subclinical deficiency

nutrient stores are depleted, biochemical functions of nutrients may be impaired, but observable symptoms are not yet apparent

clinical deficiency

physical symptoms of nutrient deficiency are apparent

hunger

physiological drive to find and eat food, results when not enough food is eaten

nutrition security

secure access to a nutritious diet coupled with a sanitary environment and adequate health services and care