Unit 11 HLT

Eight weeks after conception and until its birth, the developing human being is called a fetus.

A proper functioning placenta allows the mother's blood to mix with her fetus's blood. The embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the preconceptual period. Eight weeks after conception and until its birth, the developing human being is called a fetus. The placenta blocks toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus.

165 ºF.

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches 115 ºF. 165 ºF. 125 ºF. 145 ºF.

20

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly. 60 20 40 90

honey

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants. formulas containing lactose or DHA rice cereal honey soy-based formulas

semisolid food in a baby bottle

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants. semisolid food in a baby bottle soy-based formulas formulas containing lactose or DHA rice cereal

soft drinks

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants. soft drinks formulas that contain DHA rice cereal soy-based formulas

reducing food waste by better menu planning.

Conventional farming creates problems for the environment. An international team of experts proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including eliminating chemical means of pest management, because such methods harm the environment and human health. increasing the production of grain-fed beef and dairy foods. finding ways to increase food production without relying on biotechnological advances in agriculture. reducing food waste by better menu planning.

High birth weight

Dante is an obese 3-year-old child. _____ is a factor that is highly associated with obesity among preschool children. High family income Lower than average water intake High birth weight Low intelligence

eclampsia.

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that's characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed echolacia. endocarditis. eclampsia. endometriosis.

colostrum.

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce prolactin. pica. oxytocin. colostrum.

Iron

Emma is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant. vitamin C iron niacin calcium

25 to 35

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. 15 to 25 10 to 20 35 to 45 25 to 35

drinking polluted water.

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from consuming too much fat and sugar. being born with diverticulosis. developing type 1 diabetes. drinking polluted water.

28 to 40

Jenna is due to give birth to a girl in February. Before she became pregnant, Jenna weighed 105 pounds, which was in the underweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. 38 to 50 48 to 60 28 to 40 18 to 20

wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables.

Julio wants to cook chicken, make a salad, and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade.

breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy.

Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula feed her new baby. To encourage Kari to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that breast milk contains many types of bacteria, including "healthy" microbes, as it leaves the breast. breastfeeding can reduce her baby's risk of anemia in childhood. breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy. human milk has the same composition as infant formula.

deliver a low-birth-weight baby.

Katherine is in her 7th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Katherine was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Katherine is likely to give birth at least two weeks later than expected. give birth to a baby suffering from eclampsia. deliver a baby with type 1 diabetes. deliver a low-birth-weight baby.

2250

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy? 3050 kcal 2600 kcal 2250 kcal 1800 kcal

stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water.

Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to give each sick child a teaspoon of honey mixed with 1 cup of water. give vitamin C and iron supplements to each baby, until the diarrhea subsides. add more fruit juice to the babies' diets. stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water.

Giardia.

On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Anisakis. Clostridium perfringens. Giardia.

40 and 140 ºF.

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between 60 and 160 ºF. 20 and 120 ºF. 80 and 180 ºF. 40 and 140 ºF.

are disease-causing agents of infection.

Pathogens cause oxidation of nutrients. are disease-causing agents of infection. protect cells from free radical destruction. damage DNA.

folic acid.

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains folic acid. oxytocin. fish oil. protein.

secretion of stomach acid

Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging. heartburn bruising secretion of stomach acid vulnerability to cancer

only breast milk until the infants are 6 months of age.

Registered dietitian nutritionists recommend feeding babies only breast milk until the infants are 6 months of age. solid foods by the time the infants are 2 months of age. fat-free milk when they are 10 to 12 months of age. fresh fluid cow's milk by the time they are 6 months of age.

Family history of obesity

Rose is an obese 3-year-old child. _____ is a factor that is highly associated with obesity among Lower than average water intake Family history of obesity High family income Low intelligence

pica.

Some women crave non-food items during pregnancy. This behavior is called edema. pica. preeclampsia. eclampsia.

2300

Tammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2300 kcal/day. Based on this information, her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy. 1800 2200 2300 2000

145 ºF.

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least Multiple Choice 145 ºF. 155 ºF. 130 ºF. 140 ºF.

placenta

The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. endometrium ovary placenta uterus

enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby.

The hormone oxytocin enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby. suppresses energy metabolism during pregnancy. increases a woman's appetite during pregnancy. reduces the ability of blood to clot during the birth process.

transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

The placenta makes essential micronutrients that the embryo/fetus requires for growth and development. transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. transfers sperm to the egg so fertilization can occur. filters viruses and toxins from the mother's bloodstream, preventing them from reaching the embryo/fetus.

Clostridium botulinum

The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death. Clostridium botulinum Trichinella Salmonella species Giardia

E. coli O157:H7

Three days after eating an undercooked hamburger patty at a picnic, Grace experienced intestinal cramps and bloody diarrhea. When Grace became too weak to walk, her roommate took her to the emergency room of a hospital. Grace required treatment for kidney failure. Based on this information, which of the following food-borne pathogens was most likely responsible for Grace's serious illness? Trichinella E. coli O157:H7 Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus

Cook foods to proper internal temperatures

Vince enjoys cooking, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps can he take to reduce this likelihood? Cook foods to proper internal temperatures Thaw frozen foods at room temperature Store raw meat and chicken in the same plastic bag Wipe his hands on a paper towel before preparing food

Environmental Protection Agency

Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates the proper use of pesticides? Agricultural Research Service Food and Drug Administration Environmental Protection Agency Department of Agriculture

Local health department

Which of the following agencies is responsible for inspecting restaurants for food-related safety problems? Local health department State public health department Environmental Protection Agency Food and Drug Administration

Mild nausea and vomiting

Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women? Mild nausea and vomiting Gestational hypertension Eclampsia Iron-deficiency anemia

WIC

Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status, specifically of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their preschool children in the United States? UNICEF Commodity Supplemental Food Program WIC Meals on Wheels

Raw chicken

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? Raw chicken Canned applesauce Honey Oatmeal

Potato salad

Which of the following foods often is a source of a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus? Canned green beans Potato salad Ripe bananas Uncooked brown rice

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program helps low-income Americans buy food.

Which of the following statements is true? Meals on Wheels provides nutritious meals for pregnant, low-income women who are too sick to leave their homes. The School Breakfast Program offers free or reduced-cost breakfasts to children, regardless of their family incomes. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program helps low-income Americans buy food. The Commodity Supplemental Food program distributes high-fiber foods to low-income, middle-age adults who have American Indian ancestry.

DHA

Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system? Oleic acid DHA Hydroxybutyric acid ATP

replacing sugar-sweetened soft drinks with water.

You can improve your children's eating habits by encouraging consumption of a least 6 cups of milk daily. using food as a reward. replacing sugar-sweetened soft drinks with water. discouraging snacking on peanuts and sunflower seeds.

discouraging eating while watching television.

You can improve your children's eating habits by encouraging consumption of flavored, sugar-sweetened yogurt. encouraging consumption of toasted cheese sandwiches made with Cheddar cheese and white bread. discouraging snacking on peanuts and sunflower seeds. discouraging eating while watching television.

15 to 25

Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November. Before she became pregnant, Zoe weighed 168 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. 20 to 35 15 to 25 no more than 5 10 to 15

Vitamin D

____ is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women. Multiple Choice Thiamin Vitamin B-6 Pantothenic acid Vitamin D

Hardening of the arteries

_____ is a physiological change associated with aging. Increased blood filtration rate Increased brain weight Hardening of the arteries Fewer episodes of heartburn

Weaning

_____ is the gradual process of shifting a baby from breastfeeding or bottle feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods. Weaning Transitioning Sparing Cupping

Prolactin

_____ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast. Oxytocin Prolactin Estrogen Progesterone