Unit 12 Notes: Acids and Bases
If given a concentration, pH/pOH can be found by taking the _____ of the concentration
-log
pH =
-log [H+]
pOH =
-log [OH-]
When given the pH value, you can find the pOH by subtracting the pH from
14
pH + pOH =
14
what number do you think the prefix "ter" refers to
3
in the pH pH: ____ 7
< 7 (less than 7)
in the pOH pH: ____ 7
>7 above 7
base with a H+ added (on product side)
Conjugate acids
base with a H+ removed (on product side)
Conjugate bases
One of the products produced is always
H+
HCl H2SO4 H3PO4 which acid do you think is diprotic
H2SO4
HCl H2SO4 H3PO4 which acid do you think is monoprotic
HCl
Predict the formula for chlorous acid
HClO2
Circle the acid below that would be named biginning with the prefix "hydro-" H2SO3 HF H2S H2CO3 HNO2
HF H2S
HBr
Hydrobromic acid
Name of acid in aqueous solution: HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HF
Hydrofluoric acid
The chemical formula for acids is often written with the _____ at the beginning
Hydrogen (H)
H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid
Write a rule for naming ternary acids
If it ends in "ate", replace the ending w/ ic and if it ends in "ite" replace it with "ous"
Write a rule for naming binary acids
If the anion ends with ide, put its name in the middle of hydro_____ic, just change the ide to ic at the end.
The chemical formula for bases will often end in ____ example: HCl
OH example: NaOH
When given the pH, you can find the ____ in scientific notation
[H+]
bases protons?
acceptor
is a compound in which one or more H+ ions are bonded to a negative ion
acid
The higher the [H+] concentration, the more _______ the solution
acidic
the hydronium ion (H3O+) is what defines the _______ properties of a substance
acidic
proton (H+) donors
acids
_______ are covalently bonded molecules, but when they are put into water they produce ______
acids ions
two types of acids
acids that contain oxygen acids that do not contain oxygen
substance of unknown concentration in a titration
analyte
any substance that produces hydrogen ions in water
arrhenius acids
any substance that produces hydroxide ions in water
arrhenius bases
proton (H+) acceptors
bases
The higher the [OH-] concentration, the more ______ the solution
basic
Why does hydrosulfuric acid contain 2 hydrogens?
because sulfur has a charge of -2, so when you crisscross the charges it has 2 hydrogens
The prefic "bi" means 2. Propose a reason that the acids in model 1 are all referred to as binary acids
because they have 2 elements or atoms
any substance that donates a proton (H+) in a reaction (does not require water)
bronsted lowry acids
any substance that accepts a proton (H+) in a reaction (does not require water)
bronsted lowry bases
strong bases and acids are just as ___
corrosives
acids Protons?
donor
electrolytes? (acids and bases)
electrolytes because forms ions in solution
point where indicator changed color
endpoint
The positive charge has to be _____ to the negative charge of a compound
equal
the point at which there are stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of acid and base
equivalence point
bases taste
has a bitter chalky taste
acids taste
has a sour taste
Name begins with the prefix ______
hydro
What prefix is used at the beginning of the name for all binary acids?
hydro
If the prefix hydro- were used to name a ternary acid, what problem would this create when naming HClO3?
hydrochloric acid is a different kind of acid than chloric acid
which immediately combines with a water molecule to form the
hydronium ion (H3O+)
Acids WITH oxygen: If negative ion ends with ate = replace the ending with ____
ic
followed by the word
ic
polyatomic anion ending is "-ate" ---> acid name ending is ____
ic
What suffix is used at the end of the name for all binary acids?
ic, followed by the word acid
Acids WITHOUT oxygen: If negative ion ends with _____ = replace the ending with ______
ide hydro ---- ic
substances that change color with pH.
indicators
Acids that can give away only one proton are called
monoprotic
the name of an acid is based on the name of the ______ ion that is part of the acid
negative
When a pH level is 7.0, it is defined as
neutral
chemical reaction between an acid and a base
neutralization reactions
bases: reaction with metals
no reaction
acids feel
normal wet
Acids and bases are 2 classes of compounds that have ________ properties
opposing
If negative ion ends with ite = replace the ending with _______
ous
polyatomic anion ending is "-ite" ---> acid name ending is ____
ous
A measure of the [H+] (or H3O+) concentratio in a solution
pH
When determining if a solution is an acid or base, look at the ______ value, not the ____
pH not the pOH
The measure of the [OH-] concentration in a solution
pOH
Acids that can give away more than one proton are called
polyprotic
Ions produced by acids:
produce hydrogen or hydroniom ions in solution H+ or H3O+
Ions produced by bases
produce hydroxide ions
acids: reaction with metals
reacts w/metals to produce H2 gas
the products are always a ____ compound and _______
salt water
acid + base =
salt + water
They react readily with each other to form a ______ and __________ (____________ reaction)
salt and water neutralization reaction
bases feel
slippery
a solution of known concentration
standard solution
How are ternary acids different from binary acids in their structure?
they have a polyatomic anion
substance of known concentration in a titration
titrant
A laboratory method for determining the concentration of an unknown acid or base using a neutralization reaction
titrations
H3PO4, since it can give away 3 protons its called a
triprotic acid
bases: litmus paper
turn litmus paper blue
acids: litmus paper
turn litmus paper red
acids: Phenolphthalein
turns phenolphthalein clear
bases: phenolphthalein
turns phenolphthalein pink
