unit 13

In a very small population of birds, assume 5 out of 20 alleles are the type that code for blue feathers. What is the allele frequency of the "blue feather allele" in this population? 0.20 5 0.50 0.25 0.40

.25

Modern geologists estimate that the age of Earth is about 4,500 years. 4.5 million years. 4.5 billion years. 4.5 trillion years. 450,000 years.

4.5 billion years

Zoos often loan animals to other zoos for breeding purposes. From an evolutionary standpoint, what is the benefit? It increases the rate of random mutations. It increases the effects of natural selection on the population. It creates a bottleneck effect. It increases the genetic diversity of the zoo's population. New animals increase zoo revenues.

It increases the genetic diversity of the zoo's population.

The idea that physical changes I make to myself will be passed on to my children was proposed by Plato. Lamarck. Darwin. Cuvier. Lyell.

Lamarck

Which of the following mutations would increase evolutionary fitness? One that increases the birth weight of offspring while decreasing their number One that increases the frequency of successful reproduction One that increases the life span of the organism One that removes other alleles from the population One that attracts more potential mates without increasing the frequency of reproduction

One that increases the frequency of successful reproduction

Which of the four postulates of Darwin's theory of evolution was not well established when On the Origin of Species was first published but is overwhelmingly supported today? Some individuals in a population survive and reproduce better than other individuals. Individuals in a population differ physically from one another in many ways. Some differences among individuals in a population are due to genetics and are heritable. Individuals with advantageous traits survive longest and have the most offspring.

Some differences among individuals in a population are due to genetics and are heritable.

When a species invades a new habitat and evolves rapidly into several new species to better exploit new resources, what has occurred? Adaptive radiation Hybridization Polyploidy Extinction Genetic divergence

adaptive radiation

Dolphins (which are mammals) and sharks (which are fish) have stiff dorsal fins projecting from their backs that help them maneuver through water. These relationships of structures to each other are best described as analogous structures. mutations. homologous structures. vestigial structures.

analogous structures

Multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming less widespread. are becoming more widespread. are not serious threats to human health. have been eradicated worldwide. have always been common in the natural environment.

are becoming more widespread

A farmer produces a variety of apple with deep pink flesh by selectively crossbreeding apples with pinkish hues. This is an example of convergent evolution. natural selection. artificial mutation. artificial selection. inheritance of acquired characteristics.

artificial selection

In some butterfly populations, there are equal frequencies of alleles that code for black and yellow coloration. This is an example of sexual selection. balanced polymorphism. nonrandom mutations. stabilizing selection. directional selection.

balanced polymorphism.

Eastern and Western meadowlarks look almost identical and sometimes inhabit the same areas of prairies. These birds recognize members of their own species by distinctive songs and thus do not breed with each other. This is an example of ecological isolation. geographic isolation. behavioral isolation. temporal isolation. mechanical isolation.

behavorial isolation

The immediate cause of most extinctions is hybridization. wide distribution. overspecialization. genetic drift. environmental change.

environmental change

Anolis lizards with long legs adapted for climbing have been transplanted from an area with many large trees to islands with many small plants and no trees. These lizards have evolved even longer legs. evolved shorter legs adapted for the smaller plants. undergone no evolutionary change. evolved to be able to run away from predators more quickly. evolved to be able to maneuver less efficiently.

evolved shorter legs adapted for the smaller plants.

Which English economist wrote that the human population "increases in a geometrical ratio" and would soon exceed Earth's capacity to support it? Lyell Hutton Wallace Malthus Mendel

malthus

Which of the following can evolve? Individuals Genes Communities Populations

populations

A population carries two alleles for a trait in which T is dominant and t is recessive. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, 2pq represents the proportion of homozygous dominant individuals. decrease in heterozygous individuals. proportion of homozygous recessive individuals. increase in homozygous individuals. proportion of heterozygous individuals.

proportion of heterozygous individuals.

Before the modern era of science, organisms were assigned to species on the basis of similarities in appearance. geographic location. behavioral similarities. their capability of interbreeding. the existence of fossils of earlier forms.

similarities in appearance

Evolution by genetic drift is most obvious in migratory species. aquatic organisms. large populations. invertebrate species. small populations.

small populations

Strong evidence for the common ancestry of all vertebrates is they all have legs. their means of reproduction. they all possess DNA. they all evolved from fish. the similarity of their embryological stages.

the similarity of their embryological stages.