Unit 2 Ap psychology

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are A SSRIs B benzodiazepines C antipsychotics D antihistamines E stimulants

A

The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is called the A activation-synthesis theory B psychoanalytic theory C social learning theory D cognitive theory E evolutionary theory

A

Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage? A Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure B Possible muscle contractions and sensations of falling C Likelihood of sleepwalking and sleep talking D Slow breathing, low heart rate, low blood pressure E Acting out dreams and bed-wetting

A

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as A a hallucinogen, because it has the reverse effect of an agonist B an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter C an antagonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter D a reuptake inhibitor, because it increases activity of the central nervous system E a stimulant, because it increases activity of the central nervous system

B

A person whose body is not producing enough testosterone is most likely to exhibit A overly aggressive behavior B fatigue C memory loss D increased hunger E increased thi

B

Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as A a hallucinogen B a depressant C a neurotransmitter D an antagonist E an agonist

B

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is A the terminal button B the myelin sheath C a dendrite D the soma E the synaptic cleft

B

Getting a headache from not having a morning coffee after substantial daily coffee consumption for several months is most likely due to A tolerance B withdrawal C consolidation D dependence E accommodation

B

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the A pancreas B hypothalamus C adrenal glands D pineal gland E thyroid

B

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called A the axon B a dendrite C a neurotransmitter D the synaptic cleft E the soma

B

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as A the latent stage B the refractory period C the reticular formation D depolarization E the neurotransmitter

B

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety? A The central nervous system B The sympathetic nervous system C The parasympathetic nervous system D The endocrine system E The vestibular system

B

Which of the following describes what happens when a neuron sends a signal? A The neuron goes from being positively charged to briefly being negatively charged, and finally returns to being positively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives. B The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives. C The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the positive charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives. D The neuron goes from being positively charged to briefly being negatively charged, and finally returns to being positively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives. E The neuron goes from being negatively charged to being positively charged, and then it remains at that level until it fires again. The magnitude of the positive charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives.

B

Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with A the gonads B the thymus C the parathyroid gland D the hypothalamus E the pineal gland

C

If a body does not have enough potassium, how might that affect neuronal firing? A The neurons will fire too easily because there will not be enough negatively charged ions to maintain a negatively charged resting state. B The neurons will fire too easily because there will not be enough positively charged ions to maintain a positively charged resting state. C The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough positively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron. D The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough negatively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron. E The neurons will struggle to fire because potassium binds to receptors and inhibits neuronal firing.

C

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep? A Cortisol B Oxytocin C Melatonin D Testosterone E Estrogen

C

Lucid dreaming occurs when people A do not experience REM sleep B experience night terrors C eat large meals immediately before going to sleep D have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming E hallucinate

D

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in A driving a car B reading a textbook C sensing painful stimuli D digesting food E experiencing pain

D

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called A depolarization B lateral inhibition C long-term potentiation D reuptake E synaptic transmission

D

Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus? A It regulates body temperature. B It regulates hunger. C It regulates the autonomic nervous system. D It relays most sensory signals to the cortex. E It relays olfactory signals to the cort

D

Which of the following is classified as an antagonist? A Cocaine, because it floods the brain with dopamine. B Mescaline, because it floods the brain with dopamine. C An amphetamine, because they lead to increased central nervous system activity. D A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. E Prozac®, because it blocks the reuptake of serotonin.

D

Brain lateralization refers to the A ability of the brain to process multisensory information B capacity of the brain to control basic motor movements C aptitude of the brain to produce speech D ability of the brain to control basic functions such as respiration and blood circulation E inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or th

E

Madeline has previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She has an identical twin sister, Josephine, and a nonidentical sister, Abigail. Neither of Madeline's sisters have previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which of the following statements is true of Madeline's sisters? A Because their sister has been diagnosed, it is highly likely that both sisters will be diagnosed with major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. B Neither sister is likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder because it is rare for family members to be diagnosed with the same disorder. C The sisters are equally likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder in response to a stressful or traumatic event. D Josephine is less likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than Abigail in response to a stressful or traumatic event. E Josephine is more likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than Abigail in response to a stressful or traumatic event.

E

Sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are A over the age of 65 B woken up while sleepwalking C overweight D snoring E in REM sleep

E

The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is A Noam Chomsky B Wilhelm Wundt C Edward Thorndike D Carl Wernicke E Paul Broca

E

Which of the following is true about the pons? A It is closely associated with judgment, higher-order cognition, and personality. B It functions as a bridge between the two hemispheres. C It is associated with hormones and the endocrine system. D It is associated with visual processing. E It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

E