Unit 2 AP Tech

What are some examples of a cloud computing application?

-Twitter -G-mail -Facebook -Dropbox

Pseudocode is ___________________.

-easy to read -not a programming language -a mixture between a natural language and a programming language

The internet ___________________

-is a network of networks -connects devices and computers around the world -is based on the Internet protocol suite

The World Wide Web (WWW) __________________

-is a system of interlinked hypertext documents -uses the HTTP protocol -was invented by Tim Berners-Lee

Represent the decimal value 517 as a binary number.

0101 0001 0111

How long is a millisecond?

1/1000 of a second

Challenging: Convert the base-5 number 243 into decimal.

243 in base-5 is 73 in decimal.

Figure out what decimal value is represented by the following binary number 0011 1010 0011

3103

What is a bit and what does it mean to say that "it's all just bits"? (Koan 1) Give examples of the things today that are stored in bits?

A bit is a binary digit. The saying "it's all just bits" means that everything has binary coding in it. Some examples of things made up of bits would be banks, phones, cellphone towers, computers, etc.

Event Handler

A part of a program that runs when an event occurs

What is not an example of software?

A printer

Consider an example of software, a mobile application, or a web site and explain how it is an abstraction

A website is an abstraction because it represents everything that is explained on its page(s).

What is not true about algorithms:

Algorithms can be written to solve every problem.

Give an example of a special purpose computer that you are familiar with and briefly describe its hardware and its software.

An example of a special purpose computer would be a calculator. Its hardware and software is designed to answer any number question that we type in. It is run by number and switch coding, probably binary.

Write an explanation of abstraction, including at least one example, in your own words.

An example of an abstraction would be a model. A model is a smaller representation of the thing it's based off of.

Now that you've had some experience building apps in App Inventor, what do you think about programming. Is it a creative activity? In what ways does it allow you to express yourself?

App inventing is fun and creative, it allows you to express yourself because it allows you to create apps however you want and in your own style.

What is the best name for a button whose function is to clear another component?

ClearButton

What components make up the User Interface (UI) for this enhanced version of the I Have A Dream app?

Components used in the advance version of I have a dream are buttons, players, labels, pictures, and screen.

Give an example of how the digital explosion is "neither good nor bad" but has both positive and negative implications.

Digital explosion is causing the world to grow more technologically advanced allowing us to learn and heal more efficiently, although it is causing people to become obsessed with it and it is causing the world to be more violent.

In your own words, describe what event driven programming is. What event handler was used in the I Have a Dream app? How was it used?

Event driven programming is software that runs off of actions that occur in the program. The event handler used for the I have a dream app was the blocks section from the MIT App Inventor. It was used to make buttons that caused the speech to play.

True or False. The symbol for an OR gate is less abstract than the circuit diagram that defines its behavior.

False

True or False: The Blockly Maze language is an example of pseudocode.

False

True or False: The Internet and the World Wide Web are the same.

False

True or False: When printing a document the printer driver sends the document to the CPU which in turn sends the document to the printer to be printed. This is an example of the computer's hardware sending information to the computer's software.

False

Describe how you designed your app's UI. What components does it use?

I used players, labels, buttons, IF statements, THEN & ELSE statements, and screen.

If you were a developer of one of the social media apps that you listed, how would you reduce its harmful effects?

I would make it to where the app shuts off after 2 hours of use a day so that is doesn't become addictive and a distraction.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Provides a developer with a way to create a program, run the program, and debug the program all within one application.

Write an algorithm for washing a stack of 10 items that are cups and dishes mixed together, where the rule is that cups are washed in hot water and dishes in cold water. Use simple commands like hot_wash and cold_wash. You may also use the control structures IF and REPEAT n times. Identify the parts of your algorithm that are examples of Sequence, Selection and Repetition.

REPEAT 10 times { IF is cup hot_wash IF is saucer cold_wash }

What is the app's icon?

The picture that appears on the device when you install the app.

A computational artifact is something created by a human using a computer. We've just created a mobile app, which is certainly an example of such a artifact. Given examples from your own experience of computational artifacts that you've created -- images, videos, presentations, mash-ups -- and describe the software you used to create them.

The software we used to create our apps is a website that puts together programs by using coding that allows us to click buttons and play things using our mouse and keyboard.

Describe, in your own words, Moore's Law.

The tracking of growth that said the number of integrated circuits would continue to grow and cheapen electronics.

In general, what is the most abstract when it comes to talking about chairs?

The word 'chair' itself.

In your own words, give a sentence that would explain to a friend the difference between the WWW and the Internet.

The world wide web is a program that runs on the internet.

Event-driven programming

a programming approach whereby the program's behavior is controlled by writing code that responds to various events that occur, such as Button clicks.

User Events

actions by the user (ex. button clicks)

In an App Inventor app, shaking the phone is a:

event

Complete the following definition: An abstraction is a ____________ representation that stands for some collection of individual instances.

general

The main difference between low-level and high-level programming languages is ______.

high-level languages must be translated by software programs into low-level machine languages before then can be run on a computer

Why are "if" blocks used in the "I Have a Dream" app?

"if" blocks are used to determine, when the buttons are clicked, whether a speech is already playing.

What are some elements that would be considered part of the user interface (UI) for an app?

-A button that appears on the screen -An audible click that happens -An error message that appears when something goes wrong -The color of the apps background screen

App Inventor is an example of

-A cloud application -An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) -A programming language

A computational or digital artifact is something created by a human using a computer. Which of the following would be considered computational artifacts?

-A mobile app -A digital recording that mixes together two separate tracks of music. -A spread sheet created with Microsoft excel -A Google sites portfolio

What are some examples of components?

-Button -Label -Player

What are some examples hardware?

-CPU -Main memory -Integrated circuit -Flash drive

What are some advantages of cloud computing?

-Cloud computing relieves users from having to backup their own data and information. -Cloud computing makes it easier to share information. -Users can access information that is on the cloud from anywhere that has an Internet connection.

Give 2-3 examples of abstractions in everyday life not identified in the lecture.

-Commercials -Quizzes -Toy cars, animals, and dolls

In Computer Science, the process of abstracting also means:

-Condensing -Simplifying

What are true statements about a computer's main memory?

-It stores data. -It is called RAM, short for random access memory. -Any data stored in main memory disappears when the computer loses power.

Examples of abstraction can be found in which of the following?

-Languages -Designs -Maps -Computer science

What would be considered an event on your smart phone?

-The user taps on the screen. -The phone receives a text message. -The phone's location changes. -The phone's internal clock ticks

Explain in your own words the difference between running your app by "Connecting to the Companion" and running your app by "Packaging" it.

If you connect to a companion it instantly downloads all your changes to your app to your if instead of packaging it where your computer turns your app into an apk file then you would have to download the app to your phone off your computer. It is quicker and less complicated to have a companion.

Suppose the number 523 is a base-8 octal number. What would its value be in decimal? In binary?

In Decimal it is 339 and in Binary it is 101 010 011

Is it possible to create an app without event driven programming? Explain.

No, because then the app will not do what it was designed for it will just be a picture with nothing to click on.

UI Components

Parts of the user interface such as Buttons, Labels, etc.

What lists arranges hardware components from the lowest to the highest abstraction level?

Physical circuit, logic gate, RAM chip, motherboard,

List a beneficial effect and a harmful effect for a social media app. Are the effects on society, culture, or economics?

Social media allows for everyone to stay in communication and provides information of events currently going on, although social media also has caused people to be insecure about themselves because they see other peoples lives as better and they become addicted to the gossip going around. The effects are on all three.

What are some of the elements that make up the UI for a car? A vending machine?

Some elements for a car would be buttons, screens, notifier, labels, etc. And some elements for a vending machine would be buttons, screen, labels, and a scanner.

User Interface (UI)

The "User Interface" or UI of an app refers to how a person (user) interacts with the computer or app.

What elements and components make up the User Interface (UI) for the I Have A Dream app?

The I have a dream app used buttons, screen, and labels for its user interface.

Which Palette drawer (folder) contains the Player component?

The Media drawer

Consider these three things: The OR gate (i.e., the physical circuit), the Boolean OR function (as defined by its truth table), and the OR symbol. How would arrange them from most abstract to least abstract? And what criterion would you use to determine their order?

The OR Gate, the OR symbol, and las the Boolean OR function. The OR gate would be the most abstract because it represents everything and the Boolean would be last because it only represents opposites.

Consider these three things: A binary digit (e.g., 1 or 0), the flip-flop circuit diagram (), and the flip-flop circuit (i.e., the physical circuit). How would you arrange them from most abstract to least abstract and what criterion would you use to determine their order?

The most abstract would be the flip-flop diagram because it is a representation of the actual circuit, then it would be the flip-flop circuit, then last would be binary digit because binary is complex and doesn't represent much.

The binary number system is base 2 and has 2 digits. The decimal number system is base 10 and has 10 digits. The octal system is base 8. How many digits does it have? What are they, starting at 0?

The octal system has 8 digits which are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

As we learned in this lesson, a byte is about the same amount of memory as a character, such as the letter 't'. There are approximately 7 million characters in all of the Harry Potter novels combined. How many bytes of memory would all of the Harry Potter novels take up? How many copies of the Harry Potter novels would fit on a 7 Gigabyte flash drive. (Remember 1 Gigabyte is 1 billion bytes.)

There are approximately 7 million characters in all of the Harry Potter novels combined. How many bytes of memory would all of the Harry Potter novels take up? How many copies of the Harry Potter novels would fit on a 7 Gigabyte flash drive. (Remember 1 Gigabyte is 1 billion bytes.) The Harry Potter novels would take up 7 Megabytes and the whole series could fit in a 7 Gigabyte flash drive 7,000 times.

Hexadecimal

This is correct because 56 in base 16 (hex) is 5x161 + 6 x 160 = 86 in decimal which is the code for the letter V.

What best describes the primary function of the CPU?

To carry out, or process, the instructions in a computer program.

A horizontal arrangement allows buttons (and other components) to be placed side-by-side in the user interface.

True

True or False. The symbol for an AND gate is more abstract than the truth table that defines its behavior.

True

True or False: One of the main characteristics of an abstraction is that it simplifies a complex phenomenon by leaving out the irrelevant aspects.

True

True or False: Two examples of abstraction in Computer Science are Data Abstraction and Procedural Abstraction.

True

What is not an example of hardware?

WIndows Operating System

Find and summarize a news article that talks about the positive or negative impacts of a computing innovation. Is the technology itself positive or negative? Or have people used the technology in positive and/or negative ways?

https://www.useoftechnology.com/technology-society-impact-technology-society/ People depend on technology, they use it for almost everything. Technology is a positive thing, but the way people use it makes it negative. Technology has improved transportation, communication, and education. Although, it has increased population, decreased supplies, and increased pollution.

Complete the following sentence: Sequencing in algorithms means that each step of the algorithm is executed ____________.

in the order they are given

An AND gate is an electronic component that takes two inputs, A and B, such that

the gate will be TRUE (or ON) when both A and B are TRUE (or ON).

An OR gate is an electronic component with two inputs, A and B, such that

the gate would be TRUE (or ON) when either or both A and B are TRUE (or ON).