Unit 2 Ecology APES

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for primary consumers in the food chain?

9,300 kcal

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for tertiary consumers in the food chain?

93 kcal

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for secondary consumers in the food chain?

930 kcal

Negative Feedback Loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change back to its original form no matter the change.

Commensalism

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. (Positive Symbiotic Relationship)

Parasitism

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one feeds off of another organism. (Negative Symbiotic relationship)

Mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit. (Positive Symbiotic Relationship)

Tropical Rainforest

A tropical forest, usually of tall, densely growing, broad-leaved trees in an area of high annual rainfall. Most biodiverse biome, very hot.

Which of the following represents a positive feedback loop in the Arctic that is associated with anthropogenic (human caused) climate change?

A. Arctic Ocean ice melts -> ocean surface water temperature increases -> more ice melts

Desert

An extremely dry area with little water and few plants, hot year round.

Predation

An interaction in which one organism kills another for food. (Negative Symbiotic Relationship)

Which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species?

B

How does nitrogen go back into the atmosphere? (Nitrogen Cycle)

Denitrification

How does water go back into the atmosphere? (Water Cycle)

Evaporation & Transpiration

Taiga (Boreal Forest)

Has a short growing season, the soil quality is poor, the biodiversity is low, has conifers such a cedar, spruce, pine, and fir; it has insects, birds mainly in the summer, no amphibians or reptiles, and mammals such as rodents, rabbits, minks, raccoons, bears, and moose live there

Rule of 10%

Only 10% of energy is transferred from one organism to another, the other 90% is lost in the transaction through heat

What biogeochemical cycle does NOT go into the atmosphere?

Phosphorus cycle

What is Trophic level 2?

Primary Consumers (herbivores)

What is Trophic level 1?

Producers (autotrophs)

How does carbon go back into the atmosphere? (Carbon Cycle)

Respiration, Burning Fossil Fuels, Photosynthesis

What is Trophic level 3?

Secondary Consumers (Carnivores or Omnivores)

What two pieces of data does a climograph represent?

Temperature and Precipitation

On a climograph, how is temperature and precipitation represented?

Temperature is line graph, bar graph is precipitation. (check units just incase)

What is Trophic level 4?

Tertiary Consumers (Carnivores or Omnivores)

What are biogeochemical cycles?

Water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle

Positive Feedback Loop

a feedback loop in which change in a system is continuous.

Tundra

a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the soil is permafrost.