Unit 3: Intertestamental Period

What are the religious developments during the intertestamental period?

backdrop of Greek/Roman beliefs, developments in Jewish writings, and development of new Jewish religious groups

After exile, Jewish ____ still continues because not all Jews came back home

diaspora

The two historical developments during the Intertestamental Period are a result of _____ and ________.

exile, changing world scene

Apocrypha means _____

hidden things

Because of Jewish monotheism, _____ is never again an issue

idolatry

Apocalyptic means ____

unveiling

In the intertestamental period, there are about _____ years between King Nehemiah and the birth of Christ

400

In _____ B.C., King Nehemiah ruled and had the Jerusalem wall rebuilt

445

What year was Jesus Christ born?

5 B.C.

The Persians allowed exiles to return home in _____

538 B.C.

Who becomes the ruler of Judea in 175 B.C. and forces Hellenism on Jews/outlaws Judaism?

Antiochus IV (AKA Ephiphanes)

Israel was exiled in 722 B.C. by the Assyrians, and Assyria was conquered by _____

Babylon

What are the 5 important changes during the Intertestamental period?

Canon of Hebrew Bible closed, Septuagint created, vast literary output, foreign rule built Messianic hope for Jews, and different religious groups emerge

Which Jewish group followed Jesus, accepted Hebrew Scriptures, and took part in Temple worship?

Christians

What is an identifying feature to show the difference between Jews and Gentiles?

Circumcision

What are the four main points to Greek/Roman beliefs?

Classical mythology, philosophy that questioned religion, worship of Roman emperor, and mystery religions

Which Jewish group lived separately as a community, believed in afterlife, and had a goal to live life of personal righteousness?

Essenes

What will the Messiah do (according to Jewish hope)?

Establish God's kingdom on earth and sit on David's throne

Apocrypha includes additions to which canonical books?

Esther, Daniel, Jeremiah, and Chronicles

(T/F) Generally speaking, the Jews are content under Roman Empire rule.

False

(T/F): Alexander the Great did not allow Jews to practice or observe their laws in accordance to the Hebrew Bible

False

What are the 4 common themes of apocalyptic literature?

God is in control of history, faithful just need to endure, dramatic deliverance will come, and justice will be done as God brings history to proper conclusion

Classical Greek mythology consisted of a religion based on _______

Gods of Mount Olympus

As a result of Hellenism, the old testament was translated into _______, which gave rise to the Septuagint

Greek

What is the significance of Maccabee's victory in the Maccabean revolt?

Greek military forces are defeated, short time of Jewish Independence, and defeat of Hellenism

In 165 B.C., Judas and other rebels took back Jerusalem and cleansed/re-dedicated the temple back to God. This event is still celebrated at _____

Hanukkah

The intertestamental period refers to the time between the _____ and the ______

Hebrew Bible, New Testament

_______ is the spreading of ideals and culture of Greek civilization. It was practiced by _______ to unify his empire

Hellenism, Alexander the Great

Apocrypha books are not considered canonical by ______, but are considered deuterocanonical by ______

Jews or Protestants, Catholics or Orthodox Christians

Which son of Mattathias took Jerusalem back with other rebels?

Judas (or Maccabee)

After Persia was conquered by Alexander the Great and the Greeks in 333 B.C., Israel became a providence of ____

Judea

As a result of Antiochus's rule over Judea, the Jewish opposition against the Greek government grows and starts the ______

Maccabean Revolt

Who was the priest that refused to offer a Pagan sacrifice and killed an army officer/Jew that was participating in the sacrifice?

Mattathias

The Maccabean Revolt was led by _______

Mattathias' 5 sons

The Jews return from exile as "_________", which gives rise to the Hebrew Bible

People of the Book

Why do mystery religions arise?

People want an alternative to the Gods of Olympus

Babylonians exiled Judah in 586 B.C., and Babylonians were conquered by ______

Persia

Which Jewish group focused on ritual purity, living out the law of Moses, and believed in the afterlife (which was determined by staying faithful to God)?

Pharisees

Name all 6 Jewish groups that developed during the intertestamental time period.

Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots, Samaritans, and Christians

What is the goal of apocalyptic literature?

Provide hope in God for those that suffer

In the time of Judea's independence under Mattathias' descendants, Judea becomes weak becaue of intenral conflict and is forced to ask ______ for protection

Romans

Which Jewish group consisted mostly of upper class citizens that were associated with the temple and didn't believe in an afterlife?

Sadducees

Which Jewish group developed after Babylonian exile, built their own temple on Mount Gerizim, and accepted only the Law of Moses?

Samaritans

______ is living a life that is distinct and separate from the lives of other people and cultures

Separatism

The Greek policy on religion, _________, blended different elements of different religions together

Syncretism

Why does apocalyptic literature arise during the intertestamental time period?

Times are difficult because years of silence from God go by, the promised Messianic salvation hasn't appeared, and Pagan kings rule

What are the three characteristics of Apocalyptic Literature?

Written by a person from the Old Testament, imitate the writing style of the Latter Prophets, and reveal special truths

Which Jewish group were revolutionaries (very active in revolt against Rome), refused to pay taxes, and were willing to suffer in order to serve God alone?

Zealots

Jewish emphasis on future hope takes place in two forms: _______ and ____

apocalyptic literature, expectation of coming of Messiah

The Jews return from exile strongly _____

monotheistic

After exile, there is a decline of ______ in history

prophecy

After exile, Jewish leaders are now ____ who interpret the book

scribes

The Jews return from exile with a huge emphasis on _____

separatism

After exile, Jewish ______ (places of worship) are very important

synagogues