Unit 3: Properties of Matter, Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Sublimation
A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
physical change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
Chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances
Physical change
A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
chemical change
A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.
Physical property
A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
Chemical property
A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances
chemical property
A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances
State of Matter
A form that matter can take - solid, liquid, or gas.
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Viscosity
A liquid's resistance to flowing
hardness
A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
temperature
A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
Weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object
Colloid
A mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out.
Suspension
A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration
Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which you can see the different parts
Homogeneous mixture
A mixture in which you cannot see the different parts
Solution
A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
chemical symbol
A one or two letter representation of an element's name.
Filtration
A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Physical Property
A property that can be observed, measured, or changed without changing the substance itself.
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
Precipitate
A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.
Solid
A state of matter in which the substance has a definite shape and a definite volume.
Liquid
A state of matter in which the substance has a definite volume but takes the shape of it's container.
Gas
A state of matter in which the substance takes both the shape and the volume of it's container. It is measured by air pressure.
Pure substance
A substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Kinetic Theory of Matter
All particles of matter are in constant motion and expands when heated
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Boiling
Changing from a liquid to a gas when heat is added.
Freezing
Changing from a liquid to a solid when heat is taken away.
Melting
Changing from a solid to a liquid when heat is added.
Saturated
Containing the highest amount of solute
pressure
Force per unit area exerted in all directions
Reactivity
How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances.
Density
Mass per unit volume
Plasma
Matter composed of free floating gas with ionized electrons.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
Examples of plasma
Stars, fire, lightning
chemical formula
Symbols that show the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms
Flammability
The ability of a substance to burn
Solubility
The ability to dissolve in another substance
Mass
The amount of matter in an object or substance.
Volume
The amount of space that an object or substance takes up.
Atom
The basic particle from which all elements are made
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid
Vaporization
The change of state from a liquid to a gas
texture
The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric.
Distillation
The process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
Melting point
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
dilute solution
a solution that contains a small amount of solute
Types of elements
metals, nonmetals, metalloids
Flammability or Combustibility
the ability of a substance to burn
Precipitation
the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)
