Unit 3B

A drug that is an antagonist for the neurotransmitter serotonin is MOST likely to A. Depress mood B. Cause forgetfulness C. Cause seizures D. Cause Headaches E. Limit muscle control

A

Claire is being treated at a local drug rehabilitation center. Her drug of choice causes euphoria and reduces inhibitions by increasing the serotonin levels in the brain and blocking reabsorption. While using the drug, her blood pressure increases, she is unable to sleep, and she has trouble remembering things. She has used the drug for several years and has been diagnosed with depression as a result. Before entering the drug rehabilitation center, Claire was MOST likely using which of the following? A. MDMA (Ecstasy) B. LSD C. Marijuana D. Cocaine E. Benzodiazepine

A

John is a 67-year-old male who recently suffered a stroke, which affected his ability to walk. Over a series of months in physical therapy, John is able to walk again. Which psychological concept BEST describes the biological reason he regained his motor ability? A. Neuroplasticity B. Action potential C. Sympathetic nervous system D. Efferent neurons E. All-or-none principle

A

Margaret suffered an eye injury when her chemistry lab exploded, causing her to lose her sight permanently. Since the accident, she has noticed her hearing is more acute. What might be the cause of this change in sensory sensitivity? A. Neuroplasticity B. Hemispheric Specialization C. Neuroanatomy D. Upside-down representation E. Aphasia

A

Researchers are trying to identify the brain regions most active during depressive episodes in individuals with bipolar illness. Which of the following scans will reveal the MOST detailed information about both brain structure and brain activity? A. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) B. Positron-emission tomography (PET) C. Computed tomography (CT) D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E. Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Richard's doctor needs to see a detailed picture of his brain to check for damage that could be causing Richard's symptoms and the CT scan image he has is not sufficient. The doctor is most likely to order which test for Richard? A. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) B. Positron-emission tomography (PET) C. Electroencephalogram (EEG) D. X-ray E. Functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI)

A

The area of the brain, located on the left side of the frontal love, that is known to help in the production of speech is known as A. Broca's area B. Wernicke's area C. language acquisition device (LAD) D. the limbic system E. aphasia

A

Under the influence of peer pressure, Jasper uses an unknown drug. At first, he feels very alert, happy, and energetic but within an hour he feels depressed. Jasper is MOST likely experiencing the effects of which drug? A.Cocaine B. Alcohol C. Marijuana D.Heroin E. Opiates

A

Which of the following would be classified as a depressant? A. Benzodiazepines B. Amhetamines C. Marijuana D. Nicotine E. Methamphetamine

A

Which of the following would indicate a user has built up a tolerance to a drug? A. The user needs a larger amount than before in order to feel the drug's effect? B. The user craves the drug less than before C. The user feels relaxed when under the influence of the drug D. The drug causes physical pain and discomfort E. The user's mood is altered

A

damage to occipital lobe is MOST likely to result in A. blindness B. hearing loss C. loss of balance D. cessation of vital functions E. personality changes

A

while exploring an interest in split-brain research with cats, roger sperry learned that symptoms of epilepsy could be alleviated by doing which of the following? A. Severing the corpus callosum B. Performing an orbitofrontal lobotomy C. Removing the ventromedial hypothalamus D. Deep cranial stimulation E. Connecting an electrode to the brain's 'reward pathways'.

A

A CT scan measures the structure of the brain with a series of A. Electric pulses B. x-rays C. Magnetic images D. Computer files E. Position emissions

B

A college student participates in a voluntary research study, during which she is shown pictures. The student has electrodes affixed to her scalp to provide data on her brain activity. This technique is called A. Computerized tomography (CT) B. Electroencephalogram (EEG) C. Positron emission tomography (PET) D. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) E. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

B

Marcus was in Tech Education, did not follow the safety protocols, and caught his hand inside the jigsaw. He was rushed to the hospital, where doctors determined that they would have to amputate the index and pinky fingers on his left hand. Since his accident, Marcus has noticed the other fingers on his left hand becoming more sensitive to sensory input. What is this an example of? A. Aphasia B. Plasticity C. Hemispherectomy D. Tomography E. Reuptake

B

Olivia always feels hungry. No matter how much she eats, she never gets the feeling of being satisfied or full. As a result, she is constantly struggling with obesity. After trying to control this problem for years, she finally visits a doctor who believes her weight problem is the result of a biological abnormality in her brain. Olivia MOST likely has damage to which region of her brain? A. Lateral hypothalamus B. Ventromedial hypothalamus C. Thalamus D. Amygdala E. Hippocampus

B

Split-brain research has revelead that individuals who have had their corpus callosum severed are likely to A. Be unable to recognize and use familiar objects B. Fail to name a picture of a familiar object C. Lose the ability to ride a bike or perform other complex motor tasks D. Demonstrate completely normal cognitive processing E. Struggle with social skills

B

The change in energy level and attention an individual experiences throughout the day is largely due to A. The amount of REM sleep they get each night B. The circadian rhythm they experience C. The number of carbohydrates consumed each day D. The amount of time spent in front of a computer each day E. There is no difference in energy level throughout the day

B

The evolution of human language is attributed to expansion of which area of the cerebral cortex? A. Parietal lobe B. Temporal lobe C. Brain stem D. Occipital lobe E. Cerebellum

B

To see brain activity, researchers can insert a nontoxic radioactive substance into the brain of their subject. This is part of which procedure? A. Magnectic Resonance Imaging (MRI) B. Position-Emission Tomography (PET) C. Electroencephalogram (EEG) D. X-ray E. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

B

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is classified as a depressant? A. Cocaine B. Heroin C. Caffeine D. Nicotine E. Methamphetamine

B

Bill is trying to understand the report from his recent tests. He is looking at a long piece of paper on which there are thin black lines, but no pictures or images. Bill is most likely looking at a report from his A. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) B. Positron-emission tomography (PET) C. Electroencephalogram (EEG) D. X-ray E. Functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI)

C

Jason's brother returned from war suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Brain imaging showed increased amygdala reactivity and smaller hippocampal volume. What will likely happen with Jason's brother due to the brain's plasticity? A. He will be emotionally reactive B. He will suffer short term memory loss C. He will recover with the help of antidepressants and cognitive therapy D. He will recover if he has electroconvulsive therapy E. He will have a permanent charge in personality

C

People with schizophrenia have been shown to have larger than average ventricles, the fluid-filled spaces in the brain. What did scientists MOST likely use to make the discoverey? A. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan B. Lesion studies C. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) D. Split-brain studies E. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

C

Researchers found that monkeys with an anxious temperament have brains that use more glucose in regions related to fear, memory, and expectations of rewards and punishments. Which type of neural measure was MOST likely used to gather this information? A. Electroencephalogram (EEG) B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C. Positron emission tomography (PET) D. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) E. Computed tomography (CT)

C

Split-brain, a condition caused by the partial or complete seveting of the corpus callosum, was notably studied by A. Paul Broca B. Carl Wernicke C. Micheal Gazzaniga D. Theodor Schwann E. James McGaugh

C

Studies show that lesioning some animals' brains results in little to no effect on cognitive functioning. What aspect of the brain is responsible for this? A. Aphasia B. Hemispherectomy C. Plasticity D. Tomography E. Reuptake

C

Which classification of drugs is used to help lessen pain anxiety by reducing the neurotransmission of GABA or becoming endorphin agonists? A. Stimulants B. Depressants C. Opiates D. Hallucinogens E. Sedatives

C

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a stimulant? A. MDMA (Ecstasy) B. Nicotine C. Heroin D. Cocaine E. Caffeine

C

Which of the following is TRUE about the work of Paul Broca? A. He studied split-brain patients and was among the first to describe the lateralization of the brain. B. He discovered a region in the auditory cortex necessary for language comprehension. C. He discovered that the left hemisphere of the brain is important for the production of speech. D. He performed the famous "he*art" studies in split-brain patients to better understand the roles of the left and right hemispheres in language. E. He proposed the theory of natural selection.

C

Which of the following statements BEST describes consciousness? A. The understanding that an individual has learned a skill B. The ability to use top-down processing to interpret an event C. The awareness of one's self and the surrounding environment D. The dual processing ability of the two-track mind E. The use of working memory to input sensory information into the brain

C

While training for a snowboard competition, Kevin suffered a traumatic brain injury. Kevin's injury affected his memory, attention, and personality, as well as his balance and coordination. However, after more practice and rehabilitation, Kevin is able to return to snowboarding within a few months, though he still isn't as adept as he was before the injury. What does Kevin's return to snowboarding illustrate? A. Aphasia B. Tomography C. Neuroplasticity D. Lobotomy E. Hemispheric Specialization

C

katrina has problems coordinating her movement and keeping her balance. which part of her brain is NOT functioning properly? A. Hippocampus B. Amygdala C. Cerebellum D. Cerebrum E. Frontal lobe

C

one useful function of the fMRI diagnostic test is that the results A. Are easier to read than any of the other imaging techniques B. Show precisely what is wrong with any given part of the brain C. Can determine exactly which part of the brain is handling critical functions. D. Allow doctors to determine the causes of brain deterioration E. Are gleaned from minimally harmful X-ray technology

C

After an accident, Barry had a specific part of his lateral hypothalamus damaged. What would be the MOST likely effect on Barry's behavior? A. Barry would have an insatiable appetite B. Barry would starve to death C. Barry would develop hypoglycemia D. Barry would not have much appetite if any E. Barry would not likely suffer any change in eating behaviors

D

In order to identify which of Lucy's brain areas were most active when she talked, neuroscientists gave her a temporarily radioactive form of glucose and used which of the following neural measures? A. Electroencephalogram (EEG) B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) D. Positron emission tomography (PET) E. Computed tomography (CT)

D

John is a regular drinker. When he does not drink alcohol for an extended period​ he begins to feel nauseated and craves alcohol. Because of this unpleasant feeling, John chooses to drink and then the unpleasant feelings go away. What has happened to John? A. He is experiencing alcohol withdrawals B. He has a physical dependence on alcohol C. He has developed an addiction to alcohol D. All of the Above E. None of the Above

D

Matthew is suffering from a drug addiction. His drug of choice is a stimulant that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. The chemicals remain in the synapse and act as agonists, which creates a dopamine dependency, increased self-confidence, and high levels of energy. When taking the drug, Matthew gets an immediate rush followed by an intense crash. Matthew quickly builds up a tolerance to the drug and requires more to get the same "high." Matthew is MOST likely addicted to which drug? A. Nicotine B. Amphetamines C. Alcohol D. Cocaine E. Methamphetamine

D

Researchers removed part of a rat's brain so that the two hemispheres of the rat's brain can no longer communicate with each other. Which part of the rat's brain did the researchers take out? A. Hippocampus B. Hypothalamus C. Amygdala D. Corpus Callosum E. Reticular Formation

D

Sixteen-year-old Sam suffered a traumatic brain injury due to oxygen deprivation. Once released from the hospital, testing showed Sam's reading comprehension went from a college level to a fifth-grade level. His parents hired him a tutor. Based on the concept of plasticity, what is Sam's prognosis? A. Sam will likely continue to read at a fifth-grade level B. Sam's reading comprehension will likely continue to decrease C. With tutoring, Sam's reading comprehension level will likely be maintained D. With tutoring, Sam's reading comprehension level will likely increase E. Sam's tutoring will likely result in fluctuating reading comprehension scores

D

Susan was recently involved in an accident. While she has the ability to understand what those around her are saying, she is unable to respond verbally. Susan may have suffered damage to her A. Wernicke's area B. Cerebellum C. Hypothalamus D. Broca's Area E. Prefrontal Cortex

D

The understanding that left and right brain hemispheres specialize in certain functions largely arose from the work of A. Carl Wernicke B. Paul Broca C. Karl Lashley D. Micheal Gazzaniga E. Egas Moniz

D

Through the use of electroencephalography (EEG), researchers have discovered four distinct frequency bands correlated with variations in brain activity. The presence of the four frequency bands and the correlation to brain activity BEST supports whose theory on consciousness? A. Dorothea Dix B. William James C. Carl Jung D. Sigmund Freud E. Ernest Hilgard

D

What brain imaging instrument would MOST likely be used to determine whether a patient's brain shows increased frontal lobe activity after taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? A. Signal detection device (SDD) B. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) C. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) D. Positron emission tomography (PET) E. Electroencephalograph (EEG)

D

Which combination of neurological imaging techniques contains two methods that utilize magnetic imaging? A. MRI and PET B. PET and EEG C. fMRI and EEG D. MRI and fMRI E. X-ray and PET

D

Which of the following is NOT a class of drugs used to treat psychological disorders? A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) B. Monoamine oxidase inhibits (MAOIs) C. Antimanic agents D. Anticoagulants E. Tricyclics

D

Which part of an individual's consciousness involves their habits and what some believe is the ability to multitask? A. Unconscious B. Precocious C. Non-conscious D. Subconscious E.Conscious

D

located in the left cerebral hemisphere, damage to the what area of the brain causes a type of aphasia leaving on unable to produce coherent speech? A. Wernicke's area B. Angular gyrus C. Fusiform gyrus D. Broca's area E. Orbitofrontal cortex

D

someone under the influence of alcohol is most likely to experience A. Insomnia B. An increase in energy C. Permanent reduction in dopamine production D. Decreased inhibition E. Paranoia

D

what study subjects BEST demonstrate the benefits of neuroplasticity? A. People with depression compared to people with anxiety B. Stroke patients with aphasia C. Patients with Parkinson's disease D. Cerebral hemispheric surgery patients E. Spinal cord paralysis patients

D

After a child with severe epilespy has a brain hemisphere surgically removed, which of the following is MOST likely to occur? A. Epilepsy symptoms, such as seizures, will worsen B. The child is likely to experience severe deficits in gross motor functions C. It is unlikely that the child will develop cognitively after the surgery D. Social relations will become extremely difficult for the child E. Long-term impact on cognitive and other abilities will be minimal

E

Clara suffered a traumatic brain injury less than a year ago. Prior to the injury, she would become anxious each time she was near a spider. However, since the injury, Clara, no longer becomes anxious when she encounters a spider. Which area of her brain was MOST likely affected by the injury? A. Hippocampus B. Thalamus C. Hypothalamus D. Medulla oblongata E. Amygdala

E

The brain's ability to restructure its neutral networks to maximize functioning after an injury is known as A. Aphasia B. Hemispheric Specialization C. Neuroanatomy D. Upside-down representation E. Neuroplasticity

E

Which of the following BEST defines neuroplasticity? A. The feel of healthy human brain tissue B. The ability of the brain to transfer information from one hemisphere to the other. C. The way a brain gets larger as a child grows D. The wide variety of functions performed by the human brain E. The ability of brain tissue to take on new functions

E