Unit 4

The relative union wage advantage is generally a. larger during recessions b. larger in the public sector than in the private sector c. about 50% in the United States d. smaller in the United States than in Europe

a. larger during recessions

Between 1990 and 2010, which group did NOT experience growth in their share of the civilian labor force? a. Hispanics b. White males c. Blacks/African-Americans d. Asians and Native Americans

b. White males

The potential gains to a union in terms of wages an employment will be greatest if the firm's demand for labor is a. elastic b. inelastic c. horizontal d. of unit elasticity

b. inelastic

The female-male wage ratio in the United States is generally ________ than in other industrialized countries, probably because ________ a. lower; American women face relatively more discrimination b. higher; in the United States women's productive characteristics are closer to those of men c. lower; pay gaps between high- and low-paid workers are wider in the United States d. higher; American women face relatively less discrimination

c. lower; pay gaps between high- and low-paid workers are wider in the United States

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 a. outlawed sexual discrimination in hiring of workers b. outlawed sexual discrimination in firing of workers c. outlawed separate pay scales for men and women who perform the same jobs d. outlawed racial discrimination in hiring of workers

c. outlawed separate pay scales for men and women who perform the same jobs

In 2000 the labor force participation rate of black women was ________ the rate of white women, while the rate for black men was ________ the rate of white men a. greater than; equal to b. equal to; equal to c. equal to; less than d. greater than; less than

d. greater than; less than

Federal anti-discriminatory programs appear to a. have hurt the relative earnings of black workers b. have made no difference in raising relative earnings of black workers c. have made little difference raising relative earnings of black workers, probably because individual programs have only had small effects d. have helped to raise relative earnings of black workers

d. have helped to raise relative earnings of black workers

Employer discrimination implies that a. co-workers and customers prefer one group of workers over another b. there will be no market wage differential c. if the group discriminated against is small, there will be a wage differential in the market d. some employers give up profits to avoid hiring one group

d. some employers give up profits to avoid hiring one group

If attitudes change an unions are perceived as dangerous to American companies' ability to compete in the world market, then a. we will move to the right along the demand curve for union services b. we will move to the left along the demand curve for union services c. the demand curve for union services will shift to the right d. the demand curve for union services will shift to the left

d. the demand curve for union services will shift to the left

Unionization rates in the United States are highest a. among young workers b. in the manufacturing sector c. in the government sector d. among white workers

c. in the government sector

The ________ Act established the National Labor Relations Board and required employers to bargain with the union that represents the majority of their employees a. Wagner or National Labor Relations Act b. Norris-LaGuardia c. Taft-Hartley d. Landrum-Griffin

a. Wagner or National Labor Relations Act

Union membership in the United States is currently ________ than in other industrialized countries and has ________ in recent years a. lower; fallen b. higher; risen c. higher; fallen d. lower; risen

a. lower; fallen