Unit 4, Concept G

The right lung has ______ segmental bronchi and the left lung has ______ segmental bronchi.

10, 8-10

The left lung has ______ lobar bronchi and the right lung has ______ lobar bronchi.

2,3

The respiratory portion of the lower respiratory tract includes which of the following?

Alveolar ducts Alveoli Respiratory bronchioles

The respiratory portion in the lungs is composed of which of the following?

Alveolar ducts Respiratory bronchioles Alveoli

______ engulf microorganisms or particulate material that has reached the alveoli.

Alveolar macrophages

True or false: Main bronchi would have less cartilage than tertiary bronchi.

False

The parietal pleura lines which of the following?

Internal thoracic walls Lateral surfaces of the mediastinum Superior surface of the diaphragm

Part 2

Mediastinum & Contents

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the oropharynx because it is strong enough to withstand the abrasion of swallowed food?

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

A patient is bleeding into the space between the visceral and parietal serous membranes surrounding his left lung. What is this space called?

Pleural cavity

Which are parts of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Primary bronchi Trachea Terminal bronchioles Pharynx

Part 1

Respiratory System

The__________________bronchioles are the final segment of the conducting pathway.

Terminal

Which characteristics are shared among all the bronchi?

The amount of cartilage decreases as the bronchi decrease in diameter. The epithelium changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to ciliated columnar as the bronchi get smaller. A complete ring of smooth muscle is found between the mucosa and the cartilage.

The smallest bronchioles contain no cartilage.

True

The ______ division of the respiratory system transports the air.

air

Dust cells are also called ______.

alveolar macrophages

The predominant cell of the alveolar wall is the ______.

alveolar type I

he respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts contain small outpockets called_____________.

alveoli

The trachea is ______ to the esophagus..

anterior

The wide ______ of the lung rests upon the diaphragm.

base

The respiratory membrane is the thin wall between the alveolar lumen and the ______.

blood

The conducting airways of the lower respiratory tract include which of the following?

bronchi trachea

The ______ is a highly branched system of air conducting passages that originates from the left and right primary bronchi and progressively branches into narrower tubes ending in terminal bronchioles.

bronchial tree

Contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles results in ______.

bronchoconstriction

The left lung has a medial surface indentation called the ______ that is formed by the heart.

cardiac impression

The most inferior tracheal cartilage separates the primary bronchi and forms an internal ridge called the___________.

carina

Incomplete rings of ______ support the wall of the main bronchi to ensure that they remain open.

cartilage

The apex of the lung projects superiorly to a point that is slightly superior to the bone called the ______.

clavicle

Alveolar pores provide ______.

collateral ventilation

The nose, pharynx, and larynx are part of the ______ portion of the respiratory system.

conducting

The smallest respiratory bronchioles subdivide into thin airways called alveolar_____________.

ducts

The large, spoon or leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx is the ______.

epiglottis

When successful swallowing occurs, the__________________loses over the opening to the larynx to prevent materials from entering the larynx.

epiglottis

Posterior to the larynx is the ______.

esophagus

The laryngopharynx extends inferiorly from the hyoid bone and is continuous with the larynx and ______.

esophagus

True or false: Lobar bronchi further divide into primary bronchi. True false question.

false

Contents of the mediastinum include the ______.

heart trachea esophagus

Organs of the thoracic cavity include the ______.

heart trachea lungs

The ______ fissure separates the superior and middle lobe, while the ______ fissure separates the middle from the inferior lobe.

horizontal, oblique

The vocal folds are the ______ set of ligaments, in the larynx, that produce sound.

inferior

The trachea is ______ to the larynx and _______ to the primary bronchi

inferior, superior

The inferior region of the pharynx is called the ______.

laryngopharynx

The ______ lung has only two lobes, superior and inferior.

left

The ______ is a common respiratory and digestive pathway through which both air and swallowed food and drink pass.

oropharynx

The serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the ______.

parietal pericardium

The _____ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall.

parietal pleura

Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a ______ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a ______ layer covers the external surface of organs.

parietal, visceral

Between the visceral and parietal pleura is a potential space called the ______.

pleural cavity

The small openings in the walls between adjacent alveoli are called alveolar____________.

pores

Pulmonary surfactant coats the inner alveolar surface to reduce surface tension and ______.

prevent their collapse

At the level of the sternal angle, the trachea bifurcates into right and left________________bronchi.

primary

Bronchodilation results when the smooth muscle of the bronchioles ______.

relax

The ______ portion of the respiratory system is where gas exchange with the blood occurs.

respiratory

The terminal bronchioles conduct air into the________________bronchioles.

respiratory

The ______ lung is divided into superior, middle and inferior lobes.

right

The distal end of the alveolar duct terminates as a dilated alveolar_____________.

sac

Each bronchopulmonary segment is supplied by its own ______ bronchus and a branch of the the pulmonary artery and vein.

segmental

The left and right lung are partitioned into 8-10 bronchopulmonary ______.

segments

The bronchioles are no longer lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium as the bronchi were but with ______ epithelium.

simple columnar

If proper swallowing occurs, materials from the oral cavity and oropharynx will be blocked from entering the nasopharynx by the ______, which elevates during swallowing.

soft palate

Alveolar type II cells secrete ______.

surfactant

The mediastinum is ______.

the median space in the thoracic cavity.

The heart and lungs are organs in the _____ cavity.

thoracic

The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ______ cartilage which forms the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx.

thyroid

Superior to the larynx is the laryngopharynx. Inferior to the larynx is the______________.

trachea

Serous membranes form two layers: a ______________layer and a parietal layer.

visceral

The _____ pericardium forms the heart's external surface.

visceral

The outer surface of each lung is tightly covered by ______.

visceral pleura