Unit 5 - Animal Behavior Pre-test
Which of the following would you classify as habituation? a) You enter a room and hear a fan motor. After a period of time, you are no longer aware of the sound of the fan motor. b) You are driving your car and you hear a horn. You step on the brakes, but notice the sound came from a car on a side street. You resume your previous speed. c) One morning you are awoken to a beep-beep-beep from a garbage truck working on a new early morning schedule. The next week the garbage truck arrives at the same time and makes the same noise, but does not wake you up. d) A and C only e) A, B, and C
A and C only
Which of the following statements is (are) TRUE of fixed action patterns? a) They are highly stereotyped, instinctive behaviors. b) They are triggered by sign stimuli in the environment and, once begun, are continued to completion. c) an inappropriate stimulus can sometimes trigger them. d) A and B only e) A, B, and C
A, B, and C
How do altruistic behaviors arise through natural selection? a) By its actions, the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation. b) The altruist is appreciated by other members of the population because their survivability has been enhanced by virtue of the altruist's risky behavior c) Animals that perform altruistic acts are allowed by their population to breed more, thereby passing on their behavior genes to future generations. d) Altruistic behaviors lower stress in populations, which increases the survivability of all the members of the population.
By its actions, the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation.
A cage containing male mosquitos has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the male mosquitos immediately fly to the earphone and go through all of the steps of copulation. What is the best explanation for this behavior? a) The males learned to associate the sound with females. b) Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. c) The sound from the earphone irritated the male mosquitos, causing them to attempt to sting it. d) The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. e) Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation.
Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it.
Which of the following is TRUE about imprinting? a) It may be triggered by visual or chemical stimuli. b) It happens to many adult animals, but not to their young. c) It is a type of learning that does not involve innate behavior. d) It occurs only in birds. e) It causes behaviors that last for only a short time (the critical moment).
It may be triggered by visual or chemical stimuli
A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called...? a) a marker b) an inducer c) a pheromone d) an imprinter e) an agonistic chemical
a pheromone
Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) and bares his teeth. At this, Joe rolls on the ground on his back, then gets up and quickly leaves. This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season. Choose the most specific behavior described by this example. a) agonistic behavior b) territorial behavior c) learned behavior d) social behavior e) fixed action pattern
agonistic behavior
Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) and bares his teeth. Joe then rolls on the ground on his back, gets up, and quickly leaves. This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season. Choose the most specific behavior described by this example. a) agonistic pattern b) territorial behavior c) learned behavior d) social behavior e) fixed action pattern
agonistic behavior
Animals use pheromones to communicate...? a) reproductive readiness b) species recognition c) gender recognition d) danger e) all of them
all of them
Upon observing a golden eagle flying overhead, sentry prairie dog gives a warning call to other foraging members of the prairie dog community. a) operant conditioning b) agonistic behavior c) innate behavior d) imprinting e) altruistic behavior
altruistic behavior
In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning, dogs...? a) learned to associate food with salivation b) learned to ring a bell whenever they were hungry c) associated a new stimulus with a reward d) were conditioned to produce an innate behavior in response to food
associated a new stimulus with a reward
What type of signal is brief and can work among obstructions at night? a) olfactory b) visual c) auditory d) tactile e) magnetic
auditory
Migration is a behavior that is usually influenced by...? a) changing seasons b) the phase of the moon c) the rise and fall of tides d) the time of day
changing seasons
A pheromone is a type of...? a) visual signal b) sound signal c) chemical messenger d) defensive display
chemical messenger
Competition for limited resources can involve each of the following EXCEPT...? a) rituals b) circadian rhythms c) displays d) aggression
circadian rhythms
A guinea pig loves the lettuce kept in the refrigerator and squeals each time the refrigerator door opens. a) sign stimulus b) habituation c) imprinting d) classical conditioning e) operant conditioning
classical conditioning
Every morning at the same time, John went into the den to feed his tropical fish. After a few weeks John noticed that the fish would swim to the top of the tank as soon as he would enter the room. This is a good example of...? a) habituation b) imprinting c) classical conditioning d) trial-and-error learning e) maturation
classical conditioning
Learning in which an associated stimulus may be used to elicit the same behavioral response as the original sign stimulus is called...? a) concept formation b) trial-and-error c) classical conditioning d) operant conditioning e) habituation
classical conditioning
The type of learning that causes specially trained dogs to salivate when they hear bells is called...? a) insight b) imprinting c) habituation d) classical conditioning e) trial-and-error learning
classical conditioning
Which of the following statements about learning and behavior is INCORRECT? a) Operant conditioning involves associating a behavior with a reward or punishment. b) Associative learning involves linking one stimulus with another. c) Classical conditioning involves trial-and-learning d) Behavior can be modified by learning, but some apparent learning is due to maturation. e) Imprinting is a learned behavior with an innate component acquired during a sensitive period
classical conditioning involves trial-and-learning
In some species of ballon flies, males spin balloons of silk and carry them while flying. If a female approaches one of the males and accepts his balloon, the two will fly off to mate. This type of behavior is an example of...? a) aggression b) territorial defense c) courtship d) language
courtship
The members of a society...? a) belong to at lease two species b) exhibit a type of social behavior c) act independently for each individual's benefit d) are usually unrelated to one another
exhibit a type of social behavior
Animals that have very simple nervous systems cannot...? a) detect external stimuli b) process information from their senses c) respond to stimuli d) exhibit complex behaviors
exhibit complex behaviors
Which of the following is least related to the others? a) fixed action pattern b) imprinting c) operant conditioning d) classical conditioning e) habituation
fixed action pattern
After a young duck imprints on a nonliving model of an adult duck, the young duck will...? a) then imprint on its mother b) then imprint on any real adult duck c) follow only that model d) follow any other kind of model
follow only that model
Loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information is called...? a) adapting b) spacing c) conditioning d) imprinting e) habituation
habituation
Male insects attempt to mate with orchids but eventually stop responding to them. This is an example of...? a) sign stimulus b) habituation c) imprinting d) classical conditioning e) operant conditioning
habituation
The process in which an animal stops responding to a repetitive stimulus is called...? a) habituation b) classical conditioning c) operant conditioning d) instinct
habituation
Which of the following is NOT a type of social behavior? a) courtship b) habituation c) hunting in a pack d) communication
habituation
A circadian rhythm is a cycle that...? a) is related to the phase of the moon b) is related to the temperature of the air c) has a daily pattern d) has a seasonal pattern
has a daily pattern
A mother goat can recognize its own kid by smell. a) operant conditioning b) agonistic behavior c) innate behavior d) imprinting e) altruistic behavior
imprinting
A salmon goes back to its home stream to spawn. This is an example of...? a) sign stimulus b) habituation c) imprinting d) classical conditioning e) operant conditioning
imprinting
A salmon returns to its home stream to spawn. What term best applies to this behavior? a) sign stimulus b) cognition c) imprinting d) classical conditioning e) operant conditioning
imprinting
A type of learning that can occur during a brief period of early life and results in a behavior that is difficult to modify through later experiences is called...? a) insight b) imprinting c) habituation d) operant conditioning e) trial-and-error learning
imprinting
A type of learning that can occur only during a brief period of early life and results in a behavior that is difficult to modify through later experiences is called...? a) insight b) imprinting c) habituation d) operant conditioning e) trial-and-error learning
imprinting
Sparrows are receptive to learning songs only during a sensitive period. a) sign stimulus b) habituation c) imprinting d) classical conditioning e) operant conditioning
imprinting
The ability of salmon to recognize their home stream at spawning time is an example of...? a) insight learning b) habituation c) imprinting d) communication
imprinting
For a behavior to evolve under the influence of natural selection, that behavior must...? a) improve survival and reproduction b) influence physical characteristics c) be acquired through learning d) be related to predator avoidance
improve survival and reproduction
Which of the following is NOT required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection? a) in each individual, the form of the behavior is determined entirely by genes b) the behavior varies among individuals c) an individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed d) some component of the behavior is genetically inherited e) an individual's genotype influences its behavior phenotype
in each individual, the form of the behavior is determined entirely by genes
A human baby performs a sucking behavior perfectly when it is put in the presence of the nipple of its mother's beast. a) operant conditioning b) agonistic behavior c) innate behavior d) imprinting e) altruistic behavior
innate behavior
When you use knowledge and experience to figure out why a lamp in your house will not light, you are using...? a) classical conditioning b) insight learning c) innate behavior d) trial-and-error learning
insight learning
A stimulus is a(an)...? a) reaction to an external event b) reaction to an internal event c) internal or external response d) internal or external signal
internal or external signal
Insight learning is a form of behavior that...? a) is characterized by decreased responsiveness to unimportant stimuli b) involves random responses that lead to either reward or punishment c) involves applying something already learned to a new situation d) is performed correctly without any previous experience
involves applying something already learned to a new situation
Sow bugs become more active in dry areas and less active in humid areas. This is an example of...? a) taxis b) tropism c) kinesis d) cognition e) net reflex
kinesis
Which of the following terms is NOT closely related to the others? a) innate behavior b) learned behavior c) inborn behavior d) instinct
learned behavior
Any change in which a behavior is altered as a result of a experience is called...? a) habituation b) operant conditioning c) innate behavior d) learning
learning
For young geese to imprint on an object, that object must...? a) move b) be some kind of animal c) look like an adult goose d) be the same size as an adult goose
move
The core idea of sociobiology is that...? a) human behavior is rigidly determined by inheritance b) humans cannot choose too change their social behavior c) much human behavior has evolved by natural selection d) the social behavior of humans has many similarities to that of social insects such as honeybees e) the environment plays a larger role than genes in shaping human behavior
much human behavior has evolved by natural selection
Which of the following statements about the evolution of behavior is correct? a) natural selection will favor behavior that enhances survival and reproduction. b) an animal may show behavior that minimizes reproductive fitness c) if a behavior is less than optimal (which means it is most favored), it will eventually become optimal through natural selection d) innate behaviors can never be altered by natural selection e) all the statements are correct
natural selection will favor behavior that enhances survival and reproduction
Scientists have tried raising endangered whooping cranes in captivity by using sandhill cranes as foster parents. This strategy is no longer used because...? a) fostered whooping crane chicks did not develop the necessary cues for migration b) the fostered whooping cranes' critical period was variable such that different chicks imprinted on different "mothers" c) sandhill crane parents rejected their fostered whooping crane chicks soon after incubation d) none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a mating pair-bond with another whooping crane. e) sandhill crane parents did not properly incubate whooping crane eggs
none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a mating pair-bond with another whooping crane
Imprinting is a form of behavior that...? a) is restricted to birds b) is often used in the training of adult animals c) occurs during a specific time in young animals d) always involves the sense of sight
occurs during a specific time in young animals
It is advantageous for grain mammals to gather in groups because groups...? a) can make the available food sources last longer b) can migrate more easily than individuals can c) are more difficult for predators to locate than individuals are d) offer greater protection from predation
offer greater protection from predation
What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night? a) olfactory b) visual c) auditory d) tactile e) electrical
olfactory
A type of bird similar to a chickadee learn to peck through the cardboard tops of milk bottles left on doorsteps and drink the cream from the top. This is an example of...? a) sign stimulus b) habituation c) imprinting d) classical conditioning e) operant conditioning
operant conditioning
The type of learning that begins with a random behavior that is rewarded is called...? a) classical conditioning b) operant conditioning c) habituation d) trial-and-error learning
operant conditioning
Trial-and-error learning is also known as...? a) operant conditioning b) insight learning c) classical conditioning d) innate behavior
operant conditioning
Which of the following is least related to the others? a) fixed action pattern b) pheromones c) sign stimulus d) hormones e) optimal foraging
optimal foraging
Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distance food source by...? a) performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance b) performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance c) performing a round dance with fast rotations d) emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone e) varying wing vibration frequency
performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance
A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called a(n)...? a) sign stimulus b) inducer c) pheromone d) imprinter e) agonistic promoter
pheromone
Complex inborn behaviors include each of the following EXCEPT...? a) web-building in spiders b) nest-building in birds c) potato-washing in macaques d) suckling of newborn mammals
potato-wasing in macaques
The resources in a territory can include all of the following EXCEPT...? a) food b) nesting sites c) potential mates d) predators
predators
An animal is most likely to enter into dormancy when...? a) it is advantageous to be active b) resources are most difficult to find c) food is very plentiful d) the weather is very mild
resources are most difficult to find
When disturbed, certain moths lift their front wings to expose eyelike markings on their hind wings. This behavior would be most effective against predators that hunt by...? a) sound b) smell c) sight d) touch
sight
A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. This is an example of...? a) sign stimulus b) habituation c) imprinting d) classical conditioning e) operant conditioning
sign stimulus
Parental protective behavior in turkeys is triggered by the cheeping sound of young chicks. This is an example of...? a) sign stimulus b) habituation c) imprinting d) classical conditioning e) operant conditioning
sign stimulus
Parental protective behavior in turkeys is triggered by the cheeping sound of young chicks. What term best applies to this behavior? a) sign stimulus b) cognition c) imprinting d) classical conditioning
sign stimulus
Dolphins communicate with one another mainly through...? a) sound b) visual displays c) chemical signals d) pheromones
sound
Nocturnal animals that have a poorly developed sense of smell are most likely to communicate by...? a) sound signals b) visual displays c) pheromones d) chemical signals
sound signals
You turn on a light and observe cockroaches scurrying to dark hiding places. What have you observed? a) taxis b) learned behavior c) migration d) visual communication e) operant conditioning
taxis
Although many chimpanzees live in environments containing oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that...? a) the behavior difference is caused by genetic differences between populations b) members of different populations have different nutritional requirements c) the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations d) members of different populations differ in learning ability e) members of different populations differ in manual dexterity (skill in performing tasks, esp. with hands)
the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations
Animals are LEAST likely to migrate out of an area where...? a) there is little or no seasonal change in weather b) food becomes scarce during part of the year c) competition for resources increases during part of the year d) winers are very cold and snowy
there is little or no seasonal change in weather
Which of the following is true of innate behavior? a) their expression is only weakly influenced by genes b) they occur with or without environmental stimuli c) they are limited to invertebrate animals d) they are expressed in most individuals in a population e) they occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not mammals
they are expressed in most individuals in a population
What type of signal is fast and requires daylight with no obstructions? a) olfactory b) visual c) auditory d) tactile e) electrical
visual
Animal communication involves what type of sensory information? a) visual b) auditory c) olfactory d) tactile e) visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile
visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile
