Unit 5 Assessment

Paradoxical sleep occurs during A. REM sleep B. Stage 1 C. Stage 2 D. Stage 3 E. Stage 4

A. REM sleep

Nightmares are to ______ as night terrors are to _____ A. REM sleep; stage 4 sleep B. narcolepsy; sleep apnea C. delta waves; alpha waves D. stage 4 sleep; stage 1 sleep E. stage 1 sleep; REM sleep

A. REM sleep; stage 4 sleep

One of the immediate effects of ecstasy is A. increased appetite B. dehydration C. lethargy D. pupil constriction E. decreased blood pressure

B. Dehydration

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called A. night terrors B. neuroadaptations C. dissociations D. hallucinations E. stressors

D. Hallucinations

Most vivid dreams occur during ____ sleep A. stage 2 B. stage 3 C. stage 4 D. REM

D. REM

A state of consciousness into which one enters effortlessly, often in an attempt to relieve boredom with present reality is known as A. daydreaming B. dreams C. sleep D. REM sleep E. hypnosis

A. Daydreaming

Who sleeps the longest due to the body's need for rest? A. infants B. children C. adolescents D. elderly E. middle-agers

A. Infants

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning he remembers nothing. It appears Bobby suffers from A. night terrors B. narcolepsy C. sleep spindles D. sleep apnea E. insomnia

A. Night terrors

A night school student whose head nods during an evening class while the professor is lecturing is MOST likely to be in _____ sleep A. stage 1 B. stage 2 C. stage 3 D. stage 4

A. Stage 1

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of A. stage 1 sleep B. stage 2 sleep C. stage 3 sleep D. stage 4 sleep E. stage 5 sleep

A. Stage 1 sleep

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was A. psychoanalysis B. behaviorism C. functionalism D. structuralism E. Gestalt psychology

B. Behaviorism

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate dilated pupils and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of A. heroin B. cocaine C. LSD D. marijuana E. THC

B. Cocaine

Until reading this question you were unaware that your shoes are pressing against your feet. This focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention, illustrates that A. consciousness is easily understood and defined B. conscious awareness is part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track mind C. the definition of consciousness is constantly evolving D. behaviorism explains many psychological phenomena E. advances in neuroscience make it possible to relate brain activity to our mental states

B. Conscious awareness is part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track mind

All of the following are withdrawal symptoms from heavy coffee use EXCEPT A. depression B. insomnia C. lethargy D. headaches E. irritability

B. Insomnia

The pineal gland produces the sleep hormone which is A. serotonin B. melatonin C. adrenaline D. glucose E. estrogen

B. Melatonin

Which of the following is NOT seen in REM sleep? A. paralysis of body muscles B. periods of REM sleep get shorter as the night continues C. rapid eye movement D. arousal of brain activity

B. Periods of REM sleep get shorter as the night continues

A woman celebrating he fiftieth birthday complains that she is a much lighter sleeper than she used to be. This is probably because A. REM sleep lessens with age B. stage 4 sleep lessens with age C. stage 2 sleep lessens with age D. people become more sensitive to distractions that wake them up at night as they age

B. Stage 4 sleep lessens with age

If you are in your bed with your eyes closed in a relaxed state, yet still awake, your brain will most likely emit A. delta waves B. gamma waves C. alpha waves D. beta waves E. theta waves

C. Alpha waves

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep? A. the sleep cycle repeats itself every 60 minutes B. during REM sleep the muscles are tense and brain waves reveal deep relaxation C. as sleep progresses, stage 3 and stage 4 sleep diminish while REM sleep increases D. most of a night's sleep is spent in stage 4 and REM E. everyone needs hours of sleep per night

C. As sleep progresses, stage 3 and stage 4 sleep diminish while REM sleep increases

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of A. neuroadaptation B. alpha waves C. biological rhythms D. narcolepsy E. REM sleep

C. Biological rhythms

Freud believed that sleep and dreams expressed ideas that were free from A. memories of worrisome daily events B. instinctive feelings of anger, jealousy, or ambition C. conscious controls and moral cues D. the impact of learning

C. Conscious controls and moral cues

Sleep deprivation has been shown to A. increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks B. reduce hypertension C. diminish immunity to disease D. decrease narcolepsy E. decrease tolerance and increase withdrawal

C. Diminish immunity to disease

An example of a psychologically induced altered state of consciousness is A. sensory deprivation B. meditation C. hypnosis D. biofeedback E. all of the above

C. Hypnosis

Traffic accident rates have been found to _____ after spring change to daylight savings time and to ______ after the fall change back to standard time A. increase; increase B. decrease; decrease C. increase; decrease D. decrease; increase E. stay the same; stay the same

C. Increase; decrease

_______ is a sleep disorder in which a person falls asleep suddenly and many times a day A. apnea B. cataplexy C. narcolepsy D. insomnia E. REM behavior disorder

C. Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder that occurs more characteristically in children where they have no recollection of their response during the night is A. nightmares B. sleep tremors C. night terrors D. sleep fright E. REM behavior disorder

C. Night terrors

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that later perceptions and moods are called A. stimulants B. narcotic agents C. psychoactive drugs D. hallucinogens E. physiological dependents

C. Psychoactive drugs

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates A. narcolepsy B. REM rebound C. psychological dependence D. the pop-out phenomenon E. dissociation

C. Psychological dependence

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that A. most dreams are psychologically meaningless B. the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy C. most mammals experience REM rebound D. sexual tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep E. manifest content often replaces latent content in NREM dreams

C. most mammals experience REM rebound

Twenty-two year old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have A. below-average intelligence B. an above-average ability to hypnotize others C. difficulty keeping her attention focused on any specific task D. a rich fantasy life E. a dependent personality

D. A rich fantasy life

Consciousness is A. the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember B. the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem C. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information D. effortless encoding of incidental information into memory E. our awareness of ourselves and out environment

E. Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as _____ sleep is to _____ A. REM; stage 1 B. stage 1; REM C. REM; stage 2 D. stage 2; REM E. REM; stage 4

E. REM; stage 4

Alpha waves are associated with A. REM sleep B. stage 2 sleep C. stage 3 sleep D. stage 4 sleep E. relaxed but awake state

E. Relaxed but awake state

Reserach has shown that having an identical rather than fraternal twin with alcohol dependence puts one at an increased risk for alcohol problems. This finding suggests that A. alcohol dependence is more a result of nurture, than nature B. identical twins have a built in social network that reduces chances of alcohol use C. peers provide important role models concerning the use and abuse of alcohol D. alcohol abuse may be significantly influenced by genetics E. lacking a sense of purpose can increase the likelihood of alcohol use

D. Alcohol abuse may be significantly influenced by genetics

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's A. latent content B. psychological dependence C. night terrors D. cognitive development E. manifest content

D. Cognitive development

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep? A. cell clusters in the hypothalamus stimulate the production of relatively slow alpha waves, signaling the transition from deep relaxation to sleep B. the hypothalamus triggers the pituitary gland in the endocrine system to produce the hormone thryoxin, which leads you to sleep C. during sleep the hypothalamus stimulates the production of free radicals, molecules that are toxic to neurons, which weakens unused connections D. in response to decreasing light, the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep E. the action of the hypothalamus suppresses immune cell reproduction that fights off viral infections and cancer

D. In response to decreasing light, the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep

______ is a sleep disorder in which a person has trouble falling asleep or remaining asleep A. apnea B. cataplexy C. narcolepsy D. insomnia E. REM behavior disorder

D. Insomnia

People may be able to adjust their biological clocks to prevent jet lag by taking small amounts of the hormone A. serotonin B. epinephrin C. dopamine D. melatonin E. testosterone

D. Melatonin

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called A. narcolepsy B. dissociation C. disinhibition D. neuroadaptation E. dependence

D. Neuroadaption

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant? A. marijuana B. morphine C. alcohol D. nicotine E. LSD

D. Nicotine

Which of the following is evidence of cultural influence on sleep patterns? A. the sleep patterns of identical twins are usually similar B. brain waves are generally elevated and variable during REM sleep C. sleep patterns reflect differences in latent and manifest dream content D. people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer E. newborn babies spend more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep

D. People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer

How did the definition of psychology change when behaviorism began to dominate the field? A. the focus on mental concepts began to reemerge B. the idea that unconscious forces shape our behavior became central C. psychologists began to concentrate on the development of the self D. psychology centered on direct observation of our actions E. Advances in neuroscience directed psychologists to they study of brain activity

D. Psychology centered on direct observation of our actions

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues we can expect an increasing occurrence of A. sleeptalking B. hypnagogic sensations C. muscle tension D. REM sleep E. stage 4

D. REM sleep

Research on sleep patterns indicates that A. older adults and newborns have very similar sleep patterns B. different sleep patterns reflect differences in latent dream content C. everyone needs a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night to function well D. sleep patterns may be genetically influenced E. REM sleep may not be necessary for normal functioning

D. Sleep patterns may be genetically influenced

Which of the following is true of night terrors? A. they are usually recalled vividly for days following their occurrence B. they are typically accompanied by a state of temporary immobility or paralysis C. they jolt the sleep to a sudden state of full waking alertness D. they typically occur during stage 4 sleep E. they involve the temporary inability to breath

D. They typically occur during stage 4 sleep