unit 6 study guide

2. The National Capital Territory of Delhi, India includes the old city Delhi; the national capital city of New Delhi; and surrounding districts, where much of the city's population resides. c. Explain how local housing development has contributed to the change in Delhi's population density, as shown in the data table.

Local housing development has contributed to the change in Delhi's population density as shown in the data table because of increasing density. More houses were built and they were also built closer together. Houses were also being built vertically and more apartments were being made as they fit more people per square mile.

What is the population of the second largest city in a country where the rank-size rule applies if the largest city is one million in population? a. 1,000,000 b. 750,000 c. 500,000 d. 300,000 e. 250,000

c. 500,000

Which of the following models is used to explain the interaction between cities? a. The urban realms model. b. The Ravenstein model. c. The Burgess model. d. The Gravity model. e. the von Thunen Model.

d. The Gravity model.

Which of the following best describes the connection between range and threshold of any particular business? a. Range deals with the maximum distance that people are willing to travel for a good or service whereas threshold is the minimum number of people needed for that business to survive. b. Threshold deals with the maximum distance that people are willing to travel for a good or service whereas range deals with the minimum number of people needed for that business to survive. c. Range is the distance away from a central city that depends upon the core city for its economic livelihood. Threshold shows the connection in transportation systems for customer access. d. Threshold describes the range of the maximum number of consumers needed for the business to survive despite the lack of transportation opportunities. e. Range and threshold are not connected due to the amount of people needed to gain access to employment in an area.

a. Range deals with the maximum distance that people are willing to travel for a good or service whereas threshold is the minimum number of people needed for that business to survive.

As cities expand, which group of people is most likely to be negatively impacted? a. farmers b. factory workers c. schoolchildren d. commuters e. construction companies

a. farmers

Which of the following statements best explains the growth pattern behind a majority of the world's megacities? a. North American and European cities continue to dominate global financial services and generate large volumes of media and entertainment. b. Indian and Chinese cities have experienced enormous urban growth in recent years as these countries continue to industrialize and develop service industries. c. Japan and Germany are the most highly urbanized developed countries in the world, with much of their economies focused on high technology and financial services. d. Brazilian and Mexican cities remain the largest metropolitan areas in the world because of continuous rural-to-urban migration. e. Africa and the Middle East have produced a large number of metropolitan areas where commercial development and real estate values have increased significantly.

b. Indian and Chinese cities have experienced enormous urban growth in recent years as these countries continue to industrialize and develop service industries.

Which region of the US has seen cities able to move up in the urban hierarchy order by increasing higher order goods and services due to explosive population growth? a. Rust Belt b. Sun Belt c. New England d. Pacific Northwest e. Southern California

b. Sun Belt

2. The National Capital Territory of Delhi, India includes the old city Delhi; the national capital city of New Delhi; and surrounding districts, where much of the city's population resides. b. Describe a pull factor that has contributed to Delhi's total population change over time.

A pull factor that has contributed to Delhi's total population change over time is better financial opportunities for migrants such as jobs and other ways of making a living.

1. The development of suburbs in North America metropolitan areas has greatly accelerated since the 1950s and 1960s. b. Explain how advancements in transportation led to the growth of the suburbs in post-war America.

Advancements in transportation such as cars, highways, and freeways led to the growth of the suburbs in post-war America. More affordable cars and new ways to commute helped to lead to the growth of the suburbs significantly.

1. The development of suburbs in North America metropolitan areas has greatly accelerated since the 1950s and 1960s. c. Explain how financial opportunities for veterans led to the growth of the suburbs after the Second World War.

Financial opportunities for veterans such as the GI Bill led to the growth of the suburbs after the Second World War. When soldiers came back from the war, they were given a GI Bill. This was a loan to go to college or to purchase a home. Because not as many people went to college during this time period, most people who were given the GI Bill bought a house. Therefore, the government funded homes for veterans.

2. The National Capital Territory of Delhi, India includes the old city Delhi; the national capital city of New Delhi; and surrounding districts, where much of the city's population resides. e. Given Delhi's population density, describe a challenge related to urban infrastructure that the city's government is likely to face.

A challenge related to urban infrastructure that the city's government is likely to face is rapid growth decreasing the quality of housing for new residents as the city cannot afford new, good-quality housing.

2. The National Capital Territory of Delhi, India includes the old city Delhi; the national capital city of New Delhi; and surrounding districts, where much of the city's population resides. f. Explain a possible solution to the challenge of environmental sustainability that is shown in the photograph.

A possible solution to the challenge of environmental sustainability that is shown in the photograph is the development of more public transportation systems that the government invests in in order to reduce air and noise pollution.

2. The National Capital Territory of Delhi, India includes the old city Delhi; the national capital city of New Delhi; and surrounding districts, where much of the city's population resides. d. Explain why squatter settlements are more likely in cities with rapid growth like Delhi.

Squatter settlements are more likely in cities with rapid growth like Delhi because the government cannot or does not want to afford new housing for the big flow of migrants coming into the city.

1. The development of suburbs in North America metropolitan areas has greatly accelerated since the 1950s and 1960s. e. Discuss how the suburbs led to ethnically and racially segregated neighborhoods.

The suburbs led to ethnically and racially segregated neighborhoods through redlining, blockbusting, and white flight. All of these things promoted racial segregation and pushed people of other ethnicities farther away from each other.

1. The development of suburbs in North America metropolitan areas has greatly accelerated since the 1950s and 1960s. f. Discuss a recent trend in American suburbs that has continued to exacerbate ethnically and racially segregated neighborhoods.

A recent trend in American suburbs that has continued to exacerbate ethnically and racially segregated neighborhoods is gated communities or HOAs. White people typically live in gated communities as they can more often afford it. This is the opposite for people of color.

2. The National Capital Territory of Delhi, India includes the old city Delhi; the national capital city of New Delhi; and surrounding districts, where much of the city's population resides. a. Use the data in the table, describe how Delhi is classified as a megacity.

Delhi is classified as a megacity because its population has reached over 10,000,000.

Industries during the 1800s located close to the Central Business Districts because a. it was closest to the expanding urban population b. they needed to locate close to transportation lines c. it had the highest range and threshold d. of availability of low-cost warehousing e. that land was more affordable

Industries during the 1800s located close to the Central Business Districts because b. they needed to locate close to transportation lines

1. The development of suburbs in North America metropolitan areas has greatly accelerated since the 1950s and 1960s. d. Explain how landscape preferences of Americans led to the growth of the suburbs in post-war America.

Landscape preferences of Americans led to the growth of the suburbs in post-war America as most people wanted to live in places that were idyllic, less polluted, had less crime, and less traffic. They also wanted to live in bigger homes, which could be found in the suburbs. At this time, owning a home was the American dream and people wanted single family homes, a large yard, and a large lot for their houses.

1. The development of suburbs in North America metropolitan areas has greatly accelerated since the 1950s and 1960s. a. Define the term suburbs.

Suburbs are areas and segments outside of the center of urban cities in which many of the residents live.

1. The development of suburbs in North America metropolitan areas has greatly accelerated since the 1950s and 1960s. g. Discuss the impact of the growth of the suburbs on American cities in the 1960s and 1970s.

The growth of the suburbs on American cities in the 1960s and 1970s contributed to deeply racially segregated cities, deeply low income neighborhoods, homes falling apart, houses deteriorating, and cities with not much of a tax base. Because of this, they would start to deteriorate. The crack epidemic was also a result of the growth of the suburbs.

What proportion of the world's population lives in urban areas? a. 41-60% b. 20-40% c. 61-80% d. less than 20%

a. 41-60%

Which of the following is the most likely outcome of a citywide sustainable design initiative? a. An increase in mixed land-use development, which improves the walkability of neighborhoods b. A rapid period of gentrification resulting in more affordable housing options throughout the city c. The growth of edge cities, which stimulates regional economic development d. A sharp increase in the city's population as suburban residents are drawn back to the city center e. The decline of industry within the city as factories move to locations with lower labor costs

a. An increase in mixed land-use development, which improves the walkability of neighborhoods

Which of the following is an example of a megalopolis? a. Boston to Washington DC b. Tokyo c. Chicago to New York d. Greece e. the Midwest

a. Boston to Washington DC

Which of the following is a central goal for planning concepts such as New Urbanism? a. Creation of walkable cities that are environmentally friendly and contain a diversity of business, entertainment, and residential areas with large areas of green space b. Creation of affordable housing such as clusters of high-rise apartment buildings to house low-income residents c. Redesign of neighborhoods to replace older historic structures with multistory office buildings and modern residences d. Creation of adequate streets, beltways, and parking spaces for automobiles and reduction in public transit options e. Repeal of zoning regulations that limit construction of new single-family housing developments

a. Creation of walkable cities that are environmentally friendly and contain a diversity of business, entertainment, and residential areas with large areas of green space

The fundamental principle of the Sector Model is based on what? a. Development is centered around transportation routes. b. Development is structured around the CBD. c. Development is based on locations of businesses. d. Development is based on amenities.

a. Development is centered around transportation routes.

How has the composition of the world's top ten most populated cities changed since 1950? a. LDC cities make up a larger percentage of the top ten b. MDC cities in the top ten have grown substantially in size since 1950 c. The percentage of LDC cities has declined since 1950 d. Since 1950 more MDC cities have moved into the top ten e. None of the above

a. LDC cities make up a larger percentage of the top ten

Based on the pattern shown in the model, which of the following is the most likely process by which rural-to-urban migrants in Latin American acquire housing upon arriving in a city? a. Rural-to-urban migrants have to construct their own housing out of the available materials and on open land often found on the urban periphery. b. Rural-to-urban migrants must apply for government public housing assistance. c. Rural-to-urban migrants have to find businesses to sponsor them and provide company housing near their industrial facilities. d. Rural-to-urban migrants have to make inquiries with landlords and at apartment complexes to find available housing units for rent in the city center. e. Rural-to-urban migrants must have a family with whom they can stay with temporarily.

a. Rural-to-urban migrants have to construct their own housing out of the available materials and on open land often found on the urban periphery.

Comparing the patterns of commercial space and residential space, which of the following examples is the weakest fit for the Burgess Model? a. Urban areas such as the San Francisco Bay area, where there are multiple centers of employment and multiple areas of high-income residences. b. Urban areas such as London that developed before the Industrial Revolution, where a medieval city center is surrounded by increasingly expensive housing. c. Cities such as Philadelphia, where residents may be willing to commute long distances in order to live in lower-cost housing. d. Twin cities such as Minneapolis-Saint Paul, where two Industrial-Era central business districts are surrounded by increasingly expensive housing. e. Cities such as Toronto, where waves of historical migrations have prompted the expansion of high-income housing on the outer edges of the city.

a. Urban areas such as the San Francisco Bay area, where there are multiple centers of employment and multiple areas of high-income residences.

In more developed countries, suburban development during the mid-twentieth century focused on moderate single-family homes on small lots. In contrast, in the latter half of the twentieth century, many suburban areas were developed to contain large lots with single-family homes. Which of the following explains the importance of this change in the pattern of development? a. Urban sprawl resulted from the expansion of transportation networks dependent on cars. b. Gentrification resulted from the reinvestment into existing urban residential real estate. c. Brownfields resulted from the deindustrialization of factories, warehouses, ports, and rail yards. d. Smart growth resulted from the planning of transportation networks dependent on trains and buses. e. New urbanism resulted from the zoning of mixed-use districts dependent on walkways and bikeways.

a. Urban sprawl resulted from the expansion of transportation networks dependent on cars.

Which of the following has been traditionally at the center of European cities? a. a cathedral or church b. a public square for festivals c. a symbolic landscape such as the Eiffel Tower d. an industrial zone for the production of goods e. a waterfall for power used for industry

a. a cathedral or church

Christaller's Central Place Theory incorrectly assumes that consumers a. have the same income and preferences when purchasing goods and services. b. like to do all their shopping in small shopping centers. c. work an equal distance from one another. d. will travel farther for high order or specialty goods.

a. have the same income and preferences when purchasing goods and services.

What is the population of the 4th largest city in a country where the rank-size rule applies if the largest city is one million in population? a. 500,000 b. 250,000 c. 300,000 d. 750,000

b. 250,000

The African City Model is based upon what central premise? a. transportation networks b. colonial infrastructure c. population growth in the periphery d. CBDs with commercial and industrial zones e. Special Economic Zones for trade

b. colonial infrastructure

Policies that increase the quantity of housing units next to downtown employment locations in cities such as Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Canada are designed to reduce these cities' a. leapfrogging b. ecological footprints c. gentrification d. urban renewal e. greenbelt development

b. ecological footprints

Which of the following scenarios is best explained by the concept of range in Christaller's central place theory? a. A major department store opens in a small town because the town does not have any major retailers competing for business. b. A consumer purchases gasoline at the nearest town but travels to the nearest city to purchase a new car. c. A high rate of rural-to-urban migration occurs in a developing country as people seek jobs in cities. d. A consumer purchases a home in the suburbs rather than in the nearest city because the cost of land is lower in the suburbs. e. A tech company is headquartered in a more developed country, but its customer service center is located in a less developed country.

b. A consumer purchases gasoline at the nearest town but travels to the nearest city to purchase a new car.

Which of the following site factors is most significant in explaining the expansion of urban areas of Tokyo and Los Angeles following the Second World War? a. Deepwater, protected natural harbors b. Flat, open plains along mountainous coastlines c. Availability of forest resources d. Seismic hazards and plate tectonic boundaries e. Availability of freshwater resources

b. Flat, open plains along mountainous coastlines

Which of the following urban models best addresses the types of specialization in suburban business districts shown? a. Burgess concentric zone b. Galactic city c. Urban realms d. Hoyt sector e. Borchert's epochs

b. Galactic city

According to the class bid-rent curve, what happens to land value as one gets closer to the city? a. Land gets more affordable along busy streets. b. Land gets more expensive closer to the city. c. Land gets more expensive in the outer rings. d. Land gets used extensively for transportation services. e. Land gets more expensive the further you get from the city.

b. Land gets more expensive closer to the city.

Large cities develop many nodes around which different types of people and activities cluster. This describes the a. Peripheral Model. b. Multiple Nuclei Model. c. Latin American Model. d. Sector Model. e. Concentric Zone Model.

b. Multiple Nuclei Model.

Which of the following statements is true about the process of redlining? a. Redlining is the process of subdividing homes and allowing lower-income people to live in them. b. Redlining is the refusal to loan money to families who live in an area considered poor or at risk financially. c. Redlining is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods to renovate housing. d. Redlining is when real estate agents encourage white property owners to sell their homes at low prices by instilling a fear that racial minorities would soon move into their neighborhood. e. Redlining involves drawing lines around neighborhoods to ensure there is appropriate police coverage.

b. Redlining is the refusal to loan money to families who live in an area considered poor or at risk financially.

Traffic congestion is a common feature of major Southeast Asian cities. Which of the following is a possible solution that a city or regional government could implement to alleviate traffic congestion and improve the city's urban sustainability? a. The government could enact laws that would prohibit the migration of people from nearby rural areas into the city. b. The government could significantly expand the availability and use of more environmentally friendly mass transit that utilizes renewable resources. c. The government could enact laws that would prohibit the development of features such as rooftop gardens and urban agriculture. d. The government could enact laws to limit growth within the city, including the construction of high-rise office buildings. e. The government could enact laws to limit external influence in the form of foreign-owned stores and businesses.

b. The government could significantly expand the availability and use of more environmentally friendly mass transit that utilizes renewable resources.

While New Urbanism is seen as a more sustainable pattern for urban growth, which of the following is a negative consequence of New Urbanism? a. The influx of lower-income residents may cause some businesses to leave as they seek higher profits in upper-income areas. b. The increase in mixed-use spaces may reduce the unique historic architecture of the area. c. The increased use of automobiles required to access goods and services will increase pollution. d. The expansion of built-up urban spaces will threaten wildlife and habitats. e. The uniformity of residential areas provides limited housing options for residents.

b. The increase in mixed-use spaces may reduce the unique historic architecture of the area.

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of world cities? a. They are capital cities in their respective countries and centers of political power. b. They are financially and politically connected to global markets and drive the process of globalization. c. They are located in the interiors of their respective countries and require sophisticated transportation networks. d. They have political dominance within their respective regions and are former centers of colonial power. e. They have historical significance on a global scale and are located within early cultural hearths.

b. They are financially and politically connected to global markets and drive the process of globalization.

The urbanization and growth of the steel producing centers of the Ruhr Valley in Germany and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States can best be explained by the site characteristics of a. large, local supplies of iron ore and intersecting railroads b. large, local supplies of coal and intersecting rivers c. large, local supplies of food and intersecting highways d. large, local supplies of skilled labor and seaports e. large, local supplies of educated workers and university growth poles

b. large, local supplies of coal and intersecting rivers

Locational advantages important to the development to the earliest cities included a. availability of good harbors for large ships b. productive agricultural land and defensible sites c. temperate climate and proximity to coal mines d. good connections by road and canal e. proximity to manufacturing areas

b. productive agricultural land and defensible sites

Which of the following was not a reason for rapid suburbanization in the US after the Second World War? a. mass production of automobile b. reduction in long-distance commuting c. expansion of home construction d. expansion of the interstate highway system e. availability of low down payment terms and long-term mortgages

b. reduction in long-distance commuting

What proportion of the world's population lives in urban areas? a. less than 20% b. 20-40% c. 41-60% d. 61-90% e. above 80%

c. 41-60%

The map shows major highways and the route of the Metrorail Silver Line around Tysons Corner, Virginia, an edge city outside of Washington, D.C. Using the information in the map and the data table, which of the following was the most likely positive result of the opening of the Metrorail Silver Line in 2014 ? a. More vehicular traffic on the 495 Capital Beltway and 287 Toll Road b. More vehicular traffic on Chain Bridge Road and Leesburg Pike c. An increase in population and business activity as a result of improved connectivity d. A decrease in population and business activity as a result of changing demographics e. A decrease in the number of shoppers at the Tysons Corner shopping malls

c. An increase in population and business activity as a result of improved connectivity

Which of the following best explains the rapid development of edge cities in the United States Southwest in comparison with other regions of the United States? a. Edge cities have not developed in the Midwest region of the United States because residents abandoned the suburbs and moved into the inner cities for less-expensive housing and for jobs that required less commuting. b. Edge cities have developed in the Southeast region of the United States, but growth is limited because the government has zoned out commercial buildings at the edge of suburban areas. c. Edge cities developed rapidly in the Southwest region of the United States because large numbers of people migrated from the Midwest for the warmer climate and for the jobs resulting when corporations relocated for financial incentives. d. Edge cities have not developed in the Mountain West region of the United States because the rugged terrain cannot accommodate large-scale building projects necessary for edge city development; residential development is limited to small villages and remote cabins. e. Edge cities have not developed in the New England region of the Unites States because the severe winter weather makes it too expensive to heat large commercial buildings.

c. Edge cities developed rapidly in the Southwest region of the United States because large numbers of people migrated from the Midwest for the warmer climate and for the jobs resulting when corporations relocated for financial incentives.

Which of the following best explains why geographers would expect two large urban areas in close proximity to one another to have extensive interactions, such as frequent airline flights between the cities? a. Rank-size rule b. Primate city c. Gravity model d. Central place theory e. Threshold population

c. Gravity model

Which of the following is not true about urbanization? a. Urbanization is the process by which cities grow. b. The percentage of urban population has recently exceeded the percentage of rural population for the first time in human history. c. Higher numbers of people moving into cities indicate a high level of development. d. Urban settlements typically have a wide variety of cultural and ethnic influences. e. Cities in developing countries are expanding more quickly than those in developed countries.

c. Higher numbers of people moving into cities indicate a high level of development.

The census data shown would most likely be used by city government officials to analyze which of the following processes? a. How income indicates the effects of gentrification in city neighborhoods b. How immigration impacts ethnic neighborhoods and cultural institutions c. How public services are allocated to the city's demographic groups. d. How family size indicates the needs of different community organizations e. How schools will expand staff and facilities to meet future needs

c. How public services are allocated to the city's demographic groups.

Which urban model best explains the spatial impact of automobiles and the construction of interstate highways on metropolitan areas in the United States? a. Concentric Zone Model b. Peripheral Model c. Hoyt's Sector Model d. Multiple Nuclei Model e. Lifestyle Model

c. Hoyt's Sector Model

Compared to the patterns shown in urban models of the US and Canada, the Latin American city model best explains which of the following patterns? a. Squatter settlements are rapidly shrinking in the periphery and increasing in the central city. b. Manufacturing districts are adjacent to the center of the city. c. Income levels and land values increase toward the center of the city and along the spine. d. Gentrification has greatly improved housing along peripheral areas. e. Plazas are increasingly being built along peripheral areas.

c. Income levels and land values increase toward the center of the city and along the spine.

Which of the following statements best encapsulates the fundamental structure of the Harris and Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model? a. The CBD is the focal point of economic growth. b. Transportation systems dictate the levels of economic growth. c. Institutional zoning creates areas of public amenities, making the area more attractive to migrants. d. Economic growth is independent of the CBD. e. Space is dictated by Western Models of US cities, focusing on light rail transit.

c. Institutional zoning creates areas of public amenities, making the area more attractive to migrants.

All of the following cities are considered "world cities" based upon their status as international financial markets, except a. Shanghai b. London c. Rome d. New York e. Tokyo

c. Rome

Which of the following phenomena can be explained using the urban data presented in the map and table? a. Urbanization and the rise of an industrial middle class. b. Deindustrialization and the rise of the service workforce. c. Suburbanization d. Gentrification and the movement of the middle-class to the urban core. e. Industrialization and the rise of an urban working class.

c. Suburbanization

Compare the largest urbanized-area populations for each country, and then select the following statement that currently draws a conclusion regarding the pattern in the data. a. China has a primate city, and the US follows the rank-size rule. b. Neither country follows the rank-size rule. c. The US is closer to following the rank-size rule. d. Both countries have a primate city. e. The US has a primate city, and China follows the rank-size rule.

c. The US is closer to following the rank-size rule.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for cities to invest in remediation and redevelopment of brownfields? a. The redevelopment of brownfields in city centers complements the development of greenbelts surrounding urban areas. b. Contaminated brownfields on the outskirts of urban areas often restrict the economic development of edge cities. c. The redevelopment of brownfields enables the reuse of abandoned areas that are often located in urban centers and have existing infrastructure. d. Brownfield redevelopment reduces the city's ecological footprint and improves urban air quality. e. The remediation of brownfields results in open green spaces within cities, facilitating urban agriculture programs.

c. The redevelopment of brownfields enables the reuse of abandoned areas that are often located in urban centers and have existing infrastructure.

Most countries within western Europe and South America are highly urbanized. Which of the following statements best explains an important similarity or difference in the urbanization of these regions? a. Economic development occurred at the same rate in western Europe and South America, leading to similar levels of urbanization. b. Most countries in western Europe and South America are democracies, a form of government generally associated with urbanized societies. c. Western Europe urbanized before South America because industrialization occurred first in Europe. d. South America and western Europe share similar population growth rates, leading to comparable levels of urbanization. e. South America urbanized before western Europe because South America had large supplies of natural resources.

c. Western Europe urbanized before South America because industrialization occurred first in Europe.

Each year Paris, Milan, and New York City hold fashion weeks showcasing the latest in clothing design. These events provide major clothing designers with the opportunity to finance new brands and to collaborate. Fashion weeks receive a large amount of news coverage in online, print, and televised media, which influences consumers' preferences and purchasing decisions. Which of the following geographical processes best explains this impact on consumers? a. Central business districts are increasingly commercialized. b. Push and pull factors affect the flows of urban migrants. c. World cities have market effects on a globalized urban culture. d. Urban populations are correlated as described in the rank-size rule. e. Uneven development results from the dominance of primate cities.

c. World cities have market effects on a globalized urban culture.

Urban decline has led to many communities losing access to healthy, nutritional food, as stores have closed. In their place, many fast-food restaurants have appeared. These are have become a. gentrified b. redlined c. food deserts d. degraded e. redistricted

c. food deserts

Historically, the growth of North American suburbs were most constrained by a. high land values b. zoning ordinances c. limited transportation d. housing shortages e. cultural preferences

c. limited transportation

The concept of buying an older home and replacing the home with a modern and larger home is called what? a. redlining b. blockbusting c. teardowns d. counterurbanization e. annexation

c. teardowns

Historically, urbanization reached its zenith during a. the Bronze Age. b. the Egyptian Empire. c. the Greco-Roman era. d. the Persian Empire. e. the Indus Valley.

c. the Greco-Roman era.

According to the Burgess Model, the housing stock is most deteriorated and a sizeable percent of residents are immigrants in the a. zone of better residents b. CBD c. zone of transition d. zone of independent workers e. zone of urban renewal

c. zone of transition

Colonial cities were characterized by which of the following? a. A low population density and wide streets b. Slum areas and narrow streets c. Sections set off for each religious group d. A grid-like pattern centering around government buildings e. High population density and multiple businesses

d. A grid-like pattern centering around government buildings

What is the name for the area which the Latin American City model calls the Periferico? a. commercial zones b. industrial zones c. institutional zones d. Barriadas zones e. commercial spine

d. Barriadas zones

The fundamental principle of the Sector Model is based on what? a. Development is based on amenities. b. Development is structured around the CBD. c. Development is based on locations of businesses. d. Development is centered around transportation routes. e. There is no correlation between development and sectors.

d. Development is centered around transportation routes.

What is a squatter settlement? a. A suburban area in LDCs b. The peripheral zone in the African city model c. Slums in inner cities d. Illegal housing for poor migrants that contain very few services e. An edge city

d. Illegal housing for poor migrants that contain very few services

Which of the following is not a benefit of living in the suburbs? a. Less crime and drug use b. Better schools for families with children c. Parking space and a yard d. Stores, workplaces, and services are within walking distance e. The opportunity to own a home

d. Stores, workplaces, and services are within walking distance

Which of the following is an infrastructure trend supported by the data shown in the table? a. Despite the country's rapid economic growth, urban Chinese residents are unlikely to own cars as a means of transportation. b. Automobile parts and assembly factories are declining in number within the major industrialized countries of the world. c. The social development and growth of large metropolitan areas is limited in places where urban travel is limited to subways. d. The economic growth and development of large metropolitan areas relates closely to the expansion of effective public transportation infrastructure. e. The political development and growth of large metropolitan areas is dependent mainly upon the number of access points to the city's transportation network.

d. The economic growth and development of large metropolitan areas relates closely to the expansion of effective public transportation infrastructure.

For urbanization in North American cities, which of the following is best explained by the model? a. The probable location of primary transportation lines and the neighborhoods served by railways b. The locational advantages for different socioeconomic groups based on their level of local political power c. The predominant culture region of the area and how neighborhoods can be divided based on ethnicity of immigrant groups d. The spatial organization of the greater metropolitan area and the likely locations of different types of residences e. The location of gentrified neighborhoods in relation to growth poles such as universities or arts districts

d. The spatial organization of the greater metropolitan area and the likely locations of different types of residences

Historically speaking, what is one of the primary purposes of busing in many school systems in the US suburbs? a. To encourage children to walk to school b. To encourage long-distance commuting to school c. To promote racially integrated neighborhoods d. To promote racially integrated schools e. To encourage a more diverse school faculty

d. To promote racially integrated schools

Urban models attempt to explain a. why particular patterns exist in urban areas. b. why people are not randomly distributed throughout an urban area. c. where people with particular characteristics live. d. all of the above. e. A and B only.

d. all of the above.

The construction of makeshift housing in a country within the periphery, as shown in the photograph, is often the result of a. natural disasters that moved through the area, damaging homes. b. too few schools and an increasing number of informal labor market jobs for children. c. an increasing number of service-sector jobs available only to workers who have been highly educated. d. an increasing number of industrial jobs available in a city without adequate housing. e. government housing projects that were neglected as a result of government corruption.

d. an increasing number of industrial jobs available in a city without adequate housing.

What land use is found in the outermost ring of the Concentric Zone Model? a. retail park b. low-class residential c. middle-class residential d. high-class residential e. business parks

d. high-class residential

The most practical definition for an urban area is* a. the central city and the continuously developed areas. b. the central city and the land area inside the adjacent counties. c. the economic influence of the central city. d. the central city and its surrounding suburbs.

d. the central city and its surrounding suburbs.

Christaller's Central Place Theory assumes that consumers a. work an equal distance from one another b. are of the same ethnic background and kinship c. have the same income and preferences when purchasing goods and services d. will travel further for high order or specialty goods e. like to do all their shopping in small shopping centers

d. will travel further for high order or specialty goods

Visually, the main difference between cities in North America and Europe is that there a. is prevalence of skyscrapers in North American cities. b. are more lower income neighborhoods in European cities. c. are fewer skyscrapers in European cities. d. all of the above. e. A and C only.

e. A and C only.

In Harris and Ullman's Multiple Nuclei Model, which of the following are nodes of activities? a. university centers b. hospital centers c. airports and transportation centers d. Central Business District e. All of the above

e. All of the above

What are the best geographic advantages mass transit systems such as subways and light rail have over automobiles? a. They use less land area in congested urban areas. b. They provide transportation for those who do not drive. c. They reduce air pollution in urban areas. d. They concentrate development along fixed routes and stops. e. All of the above.

e. All of the above.

Christaller's central place theory argues that which of the following patterns will occur? a. The site of a city always influences the importance and power of a city. b. Land value decreases with increasing distance from the central business district. c. Large cities will outnumber smaller towns and cities. d. People are more likely to commute to a larger city to find a job. e. Cities and towns of similar size will be evenly spaced across a country or region.

e. Cities and towns of similar size will be evenly spaced across a country or region.

Cities grow as a result of rural-urban migration. Which of the following cities would have been first to experience urbanization as a result of this type of migration? a. Berlin b. Tokyo c. New York d. Moscow e. London

e. London

Seoul is the largest city in South Korea, with a 2018 population of approximately 10 million. Busan is the second-largest city in South Korea, with a 2018 population of approximately 3.5 million. Which of the following best describes the impact of this population difference? a. Seoul exports more goods to Busan than to any other city. b. Seoul is centrally located within South Korea, making it easily accessible for all residents of South Korea. c. South Korea is experiencing rapid population growth because of a disproportionately high total fertility rate in the Seoul metropolitan area. d. Hierarchical diffusion causes cultural practices and innovations to spread from smaller cities such as Busan to Seoul. e. Seoul serves as the economic, political, and cultural center of South Korea.

e. Seoul serves as the economic, political, and cultural center of South Korea.

For urbanization in North American cities, which of the following is best explained by the model? a. The probable location of primary transportation lines and neighborhoods served by railways. b. The locational advantages for different socioeconomic groups based on their level of local political power. c. The predominant culture region of the area and how neighborhoods can be divided based on ethnicity of immigrant groups. d. The location of gentrified neighborhoods in relation to growth poles such as universities and art districts. e. The spatial organization of the greater metropolitan area and the likely locations of different types of residences.

e. The spatial organization of the greater metropolitan area and the likely locations of different types of residences.

Challenges for megacities in LDCs include a. overcrowding. b. infrastructure maintenance. c. crime. d. pollution. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

The multiple-nuclei model of city structure tends to be most applicable to a. small cities b. traditional cities c. Latin American cities d. cities with homogeneous land use e. new, fast growing cities

e. new, fast growing cities

A movement that began in Italy as a reaction to the impact of globalization on the quality of daily urban life promotes a. smart growth, which concentrates growth in compact urban centers to avoid sprawl b. Fordism, which promotes industrialization c. counterurbanization, which decreases the need for transportation infrastructure d. edge cities, which improve regional economies e. slow-growth cities, which emphasize long-standing cultural traditions

e. slow-growth cities, which emphasize long-standing cultural traditions

In the Concentric Zone Model, which of the following is most likely to be located in the outermost ring? a. industries and factories b. squatter settlements c. public housing d. agricultural establishments e. wealthy suburban homeowners

e. wealthy suburban homeowners

Legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of building and economic activities are allowed to take place within certain areas are called what term? a. urban hierarchy b. urbanization c. density gradient d. New Urbanism e. zoning

e. zoning

All of the following have helped create ghettos in North American cities except a. blockbusting and racial steering b. redlining by financial institutions c. concentration of public housing and social services d. fixed school district boundaries e. zoning laws

e. zoning laws