Unit 7 Quiz
MATCH the following enzymes with their correct function. _____(4) Trypsin _____(1) Pepsin _____(2) Amylase _____(3) Lipase
1. an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins 2. an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands 3. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat 4. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins
MATCH the following enzymes with their correct function. _____(2) Amylase _____(1) Pepsin _____(4) Trypsin _____(3) Lipase
1. an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins 2. an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands 3. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat 4. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins
A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would a) increase intestinal motility. b) decrease intestinal motility. c) increase gastric secretion. d) decrease gastric secretion.
b
About one-third of the food reaching the stomach is digested and absorbed into the blood before leaving the stomach. true false
b
All movements of the gastrointestinal tract are initiated by nerve impulses originating in the spinal cord or higher brain centers. true false
b
An abnormality in one of the following organs can lead to crystallization of cholesterol compounds which can obstruct ducts. Removal of this organ does not appear to interfere seriously with the patient. This organ is the: liver gallbladder duodenum pancreas
b
An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is a) enteropeptidase. b) secretin. c) cholecystokinin. d) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). e) gastrin.
b
At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the a) ascending colon. b) transverse colon. c) descending colon. d) sigmoid colon. e) rectum.
b
Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of a) proteins. b) fats. c) disaccharides. d) complex carbohydrates. e) vitamins.
b
Each of the following is a function of the liver except a) synthesis and secretion of bile. b) antibody production. c) synthesis of plasma proteins. d) inactivation of toxins. e) storage of glycogen and iron reserves.
b
Eliminating waste products is the most important function of the gastrointestinal tract. true false
b
Gastrin is: an enzyme which digests proteins a hormone which stimulates secretion of HCl by the parietal cells an enzyme which acts on tripeptides and dipeptides a hormone which stimulates the pancreas to secrete pancreatic juices
b
Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of ________ stimulation. a) neural b) local c) muscular d) hormone
b
Gastrin: inhibits acid secretion in the stomach secretion may be increased by the distension of the stomach due to the presence of food secretion is increased by acid in the duodenum secretion is decreased by water in the small intestines
b
Gastrointestinal movement whereby food is propelled along the gut is referred to as: segmentation peristalsis distention deglutition
b
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach: directly breaks down proteins into amino acids converts pepsinogen into active pepsin emulsifies fats all of the above
b
Lacteals a) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. b) carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system. c) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine. d) secrete digestive enzymes. e) produce milk.
b
Swallowing is controlled by gravity. Therefore one cannot swallow when standing on one's head. True False
b
The absorption of fatty acids occurs via: the same small intestinal villi that absorbs dipeptides and disaccharides specialized lymph structures called lacteals in the duodenum villi located in the large intestine zymogenic cells in the stomach
b
The bacteria in the large intestine function primarily to: digest fats synthesize vitamins B and K regulate water reabsorption aid in absorption of amino acids
b
The digested products of which of the following substances is absorbed primarily into lymphatic capillaries in the villi? glucose fats nucleic acids amino acids
b
The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach? a) fundus b) cardia c) body d) antrum e) pylorus
b
The fat in a peanut butter sandwich would be digested by which enzyme below? maltase lipase pepsin trypsin
b
The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the a) sight, thought, or smell of food. b) entry of food into the stomach. c) entry of chyme into the small intestine. d) entry of chyme into the large intestine. e) release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.
b
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is a) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). b) secretin. c) lipase. d) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). e) gastrin.
b
The muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract is: composed of skeletal muscle contains both circular and longitudinal smooth muscle fibers is controlled by the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system is found only in the stomach and large intestines
b
The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium. a) simple squamous b) stratified squamous c) pseudostratified d) stratified columnar e) transitional
b
The passage of food from the mouth to the stomach: depends solely upon gravity; thus it is not biologically possible to swallow food while upside down is initiated voluntarily but continues as a reflex is referred to as mastication is accomplished by movements know as segmentation
b
Which of the following apply to the small intestine? carbohydrates and proteins are digested but not fats villi on the mucosa increase the surface area for absorption proteins digestion begins epiploic appendages are present
b
Which of the following are absorbed in the small intestines? disaccharides amino acids tripeptides triglycerides
b
Which of the following contribute the most to the neural control of the gastrointestinal tract? somatic neurons in the spinal cord vagus nerve and plexuses in the submucosa and muscularis vagus nerve and the sympathetic nervous system sympathetic nerves and plexuses in the submucosa and serosa
b
Which of the following enzymes is correctly matched with their substrate? chymotrypsin/amino acids sucrase/disaccharides lipase/peptides pepsin/pepsinogen
b
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? a) appendix b) pancreas c) spleen d) colon e) esophagus
b
Which of these structures function to prevent the small intestines from becoming twisted? greater omentum mesentery parietal peritoneum ileocecal valve
b
Which types of digestion products are absorbed into blood-containing capillaries of the small intestines? amino acids and triglycerides monosaccharides and amino acids glycerol and amino acids fatty acids and glycerol
b
A bolus is: a mixture of food and digestive secretions found in the small intestine the form food is in when defecation occurs food formed into a ball for swallowing a finger-like projection from the inner wall of the stomach
c
All of the following are composed of smooth muscle except: pyloric sphincter internal anal sphincter external sphincter ileocecal valve
c
Bile is produced in the: kidney gallbladder liver pancreas
c
Chyme is: wetted, partially chewed food found in the mouth dehydrated, completely digested remains found in the large intestine partially digested food mixed with secretions found in the stomach or intestine a strain of bacteria found in the large intestine
c
An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is a) secretin. b) cholecystokinin. c) enteropeptidase. d) gastrin. e) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
d
Defecation is initiated by: stretching of the rectum a parasympathetic reflex a sympathetic reflex A and B A and C
d
During deglutition, a) the soft palate elevates. b) the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes. c) the lower esophageal sphincter opens. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
d
During swallowing: the soft palate and uvula move up the vocal folds should be in a parallel position peristalsis occurs in the esophagus all of the above
d
Gastric secretion is regulated by: hormonal mechanisms local nervous reflexes that occur in the stomach wall signals from the stomach mucosa to the brain which causes reflexes back to the stomach through the vagus nerve all of the above
d
Most of the digestion of food occurs in the: mouth and stomach pancreas and stomach pancreas and duodenum duodenum and jejunum
d
Of the following, which are enzymes important in the digestion of protein? maltose and sucrose cholecystokinin (CCK) and chymotrypsin secretin and trypsin pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin
d
Parietal cells secrete a) pepsinogen. b) gastrin. c) mucus. d) hydrochloric acid. e) enteropeptidase.
d
Pepsin: catabolizes fats is secreted by gastric chief cells reacts with HCl to yield pepsinogen catabolizes proteins
d
Stimulation of secretions from the pancreas may be caused by: stimulation of the salivary glands the presence of breakdown products in the stomach the presence of bicarbonate in the small intestine the presence of acid in the small intestine
d
The ________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing. a) Incisors b) Bicuspids c) Premolars d) Cuspids e) Molars
d
The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the a) enamel. b) cementum. c) dentin. d) pulp cavity. e) periodontium.
d
The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except a) analysis of material before swallowing. b) mechanical processing of food. c) lubrication. d) absorption of monosaccharides. e) digestion of carbohydrates.
d
The greater omentum is a) the entrance to the stomach. b) attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature. c) important in the digestion of fats. d) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera. e) a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver.
d
The large intestine: contains a normal flora of bacteria has epiploic appendages on its surface has haustra and teniae coli all of the above
d
The layer of the gastrointestinal tract in direct contact with food or chyme is the: serosa submucosa muscularis mucosa
d
The pancreas produces a) lipases and amylase. b) nucleases. c) peptidases and proteinases. d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
d
The uvula is located at the a) posterior of the tongue. b) margin of the vestibule. c) base of a tooth. d) posterior margin of the soft palate.
d
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)? a) where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum b) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids c) stimulates pancreas to secrete insulin d) causes gall bladder to contract e) stimulates gastric secretion
d
Which of the following is not a direct function of the digestive tract? secretion digestion absorption energy production
d
Which of the following is true concerning pepsinogen? It acts directly to initiate the catabolism of proteins. It is secreted by the pancreas and activated in the small intestine. It reacts with gastrin to yield pepsin. It reacts with HCl to yield pepsin.
d
Which of the following is true concerning the control of secretions by the stomach? emptying the stomach increases gastric secretion the enzyme gastrin inhibits gastric secretion secretin released from the duodenum increases gastric secretion the hormone gastrin promotes additional gastric secretions
d
MATCH the following enzymes with their correct function. _____(3) Lipase _____(2) Amylase _____(1) Pepsin _____(4) Trypsin
1. an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins 2. an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands 3. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat 4. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins
MATCH the following enzymes with their correct function. _____(4) Trypsin _____(1) Pepsin _____(3) Lipase _____(2) Amylase
1. an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins 2. an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands 3. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat 4. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins
MATCH the following enzymes with their correct function. _____(4) Trypsin _____(3) Lipase _____(2) Amylase _____(1) Pepsin
1. an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins 2. an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands 3. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat 4. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins
The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the a) appendix. b) sigmoid colon. c) rectum. d) haustra. e) cecum.
e
A function of the stomach is: the storage of food to completely digest fats to secrete bile both b and c
a
A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the a) uvula. b) pharyngeal arch. c) palatoglossal arch. d) palatopharyngeal arch. e) epiglottis.
a
Brush border enzymes secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine function to: complete chemical digestion complete mechanical digestion absorb fatty acids propel food from the ileum to the cecum
a
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the a) mouth. b) esophagus. c) stomach. d) duodenum.
a
Chief cells secrete a) pepsinogen. b) gastrin. c) mucus. d) hydrochloric acid. e) intrinsic factor.
a
Fats are digested by: lipase secreted by the pancreas enzymes secreted by the liver carbohydrase secreted by the duodenum chymotrypsinogen secreted by the pancreas
a
Stimulation of the vagus nerve increases activity in the gastrointestinal tract. true false, it is a sympathetic nerve, therefore it decreases activity false, it is a parasympathetic nerve, therefore it decreases activity false, it affects the cardiovascular system but not the gastrointestinal system
a
The ________ is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. a) common bile duct b) common hepatic duct c) hepatopancreatic sphincter d) left hepatic duct e) duodenal ampulla
a
The accessory organ which is connected to the small intestine by a duct and which secretes enzymes into the small intestine is: pancreas liver gallbladder mesentery
a
The functions of the gastrointestinal tract include: catabolism of nutrients via hydrolysis catabolism of polysaccharides via dehydration synthesis anabolism of proteins lipogenesis
a
The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is a) gastrin. b) enteropeptidase. c) secretin. d) cholecystokinin. e) rennin.
a
The presence of fat in the duodenum: causes the release of cholecystokinin causes water to be reabsorbed by mucosal cells activates the process of protein digestion in the stomach none of the above
a
The secondary dentition usually has how many teeth? d) 32 a) 18 b) 20 e) 36 c) 26
a
Which of the following will stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach? the secretion gastrin the presence of fat in the small intestine hypertonic solution in the duodenum all of the above
a
Your patient has inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach. This is known clinically as a) an ulcer. b) gingivitis. c) cholecystitis. d) ascites. e) gastritis.
e
Constipation is a condition: caused by increased peristaltic activity in the intestinal tract that occurs if one does not have sufficient water absorption from the large intestine involving increased water absorption from the large intestine caused by toxic products produced by the bacteria present in the large intestine
c
G cells of the stomach secrete a) cholecystokinin. b) secretin. c) gastrin. d) enteropeptidase. e) pepsin.
c
Pepsinogen: acts directly on fats is produced by the walls of the small intestine is produced by the chief cells of the gastric mucosa acts directly on proteins
c
The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement. a) falciform ligament b) greater omentum c) mesentery proper d) lesser omentum e) diaphragm
c
The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called a) enamel. b) cementum. c) dentin. d) pulp. e) periodontium.
c
The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the a) duodenum and the jejunum. b) duodenum and the pylorus. c) common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. d) duodenum and the pancreatic duct. e) duodenum and the bile duct.
c
The enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates is a) lactase. b) rennin. c) amylase. d) lipase.
c
The functions of the large intestine include: digestion of fats completing the digestion of fats absorption of water digestion of protein
c
The material which causes fat to emulsify is stored in the: small intestines liver gallbladder large intestines
c
The middle segment of the small intestine is the a) ileum. b) duodenum. c) jejunum. d) pylorus. e) cecum.
c
The order of the of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is a) ileum, jejunum, duodenum. b) jejunum, duodenum, ileum. c) duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
c
The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the a) lesser omentum. b) greater omentum. c) falciform ligament. d) hepatic ligament.
c
Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins? dextrinase lactase trypsin lipase
c
Which of the following is not true of bile? it is formed by the liver it is stored in the gallbladder in concentrated form it contains enzymes important in the digestion of fat it contains a number of waste products including the breakdown products of hemoglobin
c
Enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates are secreted by: cells of the colon the salivary glands pancreas all of the above B and C only
e
Movement of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by: local, segmental contractions to churn food contractions of villi which excrete food waves of contraction to move food uni-directionally through the tract all of the above A and C are correct
e
The Kupffer cells of the liver a) destroy damaged RBCs. b) destroy bacteria. c) present antigens. d) are phagocytic. e) All of the answers are correct.
e
The ________ crush and grind food. a) Bicuspids b) Incisors c) Molars d) Cuspids e) Both bicuspids and molars
e
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the a) antrum. b) fundus. c) body. d) cardia. e) pylorus.
e