Unit 7 Retake

Although Arturo has looked at his watch thousands of times, he is unable to recall whether the watch features Arabic or Roman numerals. This is most likely due to a failure in a. implicit memory. b. iconic memory. c. encoding. d. storage. e. retrieval.

C) Encoding

According to Dr. Chew, which item is not a factor in deep processing? a. Distinctiveness b. Elaboration c. Personal Experience d. Appropriate to Retrieval and Application e. Memorization and re-reading notes

E) Memorization and re-reading notes

Lavonne was careful to avoid the use of dangling participles and run-on sentences in her essay because she did not want to lose points for faulty a. grammar. b. phonemes. c. morphemes. d. algorithms. e. semantics.

A) Grammar

Which of the following best explains why Ebbinghaus found the task of learning new lists of nonsense syllables increasingly difficult as his research career progressed? a. proactive interference b. misattribution c. retroactive interference d. the spacing effect e. source amnesia

A) Proactive interference

Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence. This research highlighted the effectiveness of a. semantic encoding. b. priming. c. the "peg-word" system. d. automatic processing. e. the serial position effect.

A) Semantic encoding

Anika resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that "it's always best to stick with your first answer." Anika's decision best illustrates the use of a. a prototype. b. trial and error. c. insight. d. a heuristic. e. an algorithm.

A) a heuristic

It is very difficult to get someone to change his or her unrealistically negative self-image. This best illustrates the importance of a. the representativeness heuristic. b. belief perseverance. c. fixation. d. overconfidence. e. the framing effect.

B) belief perseverance

On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the impact of a. the representativeness heuristic. b. the framing effect. c. the belief perseverance phenomenon. d. confirmation bias. e. overconfidence.

B) the framing effect

Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially a. slow and subsequently stays slow. b. rapid and subsequently stays rapid. c. rapid and subsequently slows down. d. steady and subsequently speeds up. e. slow and subsequently speeds up.

C) Rapid and subsequently slows down

Students often remember more information from a course that spans an entire semester than from a course that is completed in an intensive three-week learning period. This best illustrates the importance of a. the serial position effect. b. long-term potentiation. c. the spacing effect. d. implicit memory. e. automatic processing.

C) The spacing effect

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________ is to ________. a. explicit memory; implicit memory b. automatic processing; effortful processing c. visual stimulation; auditory stimulation d. flashbulb memory; implicit memory e. short-term memory; long-term memory

C) Visual stimulation; auditory stimulation

Jacquelyn suffered symptoms so similar to those associated with appendicitis that she erroneously concluded that she needed to have her appendix removed. Jacquelyn's conclusion best illustrates the influence of a. the availability heuristic. b. fixation. c. the representativeness heuristic. d. the framing effect. e. confirmation bias.

C) the representative heuristic

During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of a. relearning. b. the serial position effect. c. priming. d. automatic processing. e. the spacing effect.

D) Automatic processing

Scotty worked to find the solution to a long-division problem. In solving the problem, Scotty would engage in a. divergent thinking. b. confirmation bias. c. framing. d. convergent thinking. e. belief perseverance.

D) Convergent thinking

Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of a. implicit memory. b. priming. c. chunking. d. rehearsal. e. imagery.

D) Rehersal

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word "hit" in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of a. linguistic determinism. b. morphemes. c. syntax. d. semantics. e. prototypes.

D) Semantics

As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tanner was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tanner's current thoughts being processed? a. echoic memory b. sensory memory c. long-term memory d. working memory e. the cerebellum

D) Working memory

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce a. the framing effect. b. heuristics. c. intuition. d. confirmation bias. e. algorithms.

D) confirmation bias

Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory. a. long-term; short-term b. short-term; long-term c. iconic; echoic d. implicit; explicit e. explicit; implicit

D) implicit; explicit

When children are interviewed about their recollections of possible sexual abuse, their reports are especially credible if a. they use anatomically correct dolls to indicate if and where they had been physically touched. b. they express strong feelings about the memories and seem convinced that the memories are accurate. c. after responding to an interviewer, they are repeatedly asked the same question they just answered. d. involved adults have not discussed the issue with them prior to the interview. e. they are asked specific, detailed questions about the issue rather than more general, open-ended questions.

D) involved adults have not discussed the issue with them prior to the interview

A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory. a. implicit b. short-term c. echoic d. long-term e. iconic

D) long-term

Reading a romantic novel caused Consuela to recall some old experiences with a junior high school boyfriend. The effect of the novel on Consuela's memory retrieval is an illustration of a. chunking. b. the spacing effect. c. source amnesia. d. priming. e. automatic processing.

D) priming

The day after Kirsten was introduced to 13 people at a business luncheon, she could recall the names of only the first 4 people to whom she had been introduced. Her effective recall of these particular names best illustrates the impact of a. automatic processing. b. parallel processing. c. flashbulb memory. d. the serial position effect. e. rehearsal.

D) the serial position effect

Stereotypes can often influence the form in which information is retrieved from long-term memory. This fact is most relevant to appreciating the importance of a. explicit memory b. long-term potentiation. c. the spacing effect. d. automatic processing. e. memory construction.

E) Memory construction

After learning that her two best friends had lost their jobs, Mariah began to grossly overestimate the national unemployment rate. Mariah's reaction best illustrates the consequences of a. the framing effect. b. the belief perseverance phenomenon. c. the representativeness heuristic. d. confirmation bias. e. the availability heuristic.

E) The availability heuristic

According to Dr. Chew, strategies for deep processing allow us to understand the material applications with greater depth. Which factors does not represent this theory? a. Concept Mapping b. Practice recalling information without your notes c. Question Generation d. Practice using the information e. Using isolated terms to assist in superficial multitasking

E) Using isolated terms to assist in superficial multitasking