unit 8 review questions

The number one tennis player on last year's squad does not find her name on the list of students who made this year's team. Which stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome is she most likely experiencing? A) Alarm B) Resistance C) Denial D) Competence E) Exhaustion

A) Alarm

When her son fails to arrive home as expected, Elena fears he has been in an accident. Both her heart and respiration rate remain elevated until she sees him come safely through the door. Her body soon returns to normal due to the action of her ________ nervous system. A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) central D) somatic

A) parasympathetic

Performance of a task is typically ________ when arousal is ________. A)best; moderate B)worst; moderate C)best; low D)best; high E)mediocre; moderate

A)best; moderate

Carl wants straight A's in school because his parents promised him a new car. This is an example of A)incentive theory B)yerkes-dodson law C)drive-reduction D)General adaptation syndrome

A)incentive theory

Which of the following is an example of stress? A. Ray is tense and anxious as he has to decide which college to attend. B. Sunga is assigned an extra shift at work. C. Joe's parents are allowing him to stay home alone while they go away for a weekend. D. Linda remembers to repay a friend the $10 she owes her. E. Enrico learns of a traffic accident on the Interstate.

A. Ray is tense and anxious as he has to decide which college to attend.

Which of the following statements is the core concept of Maslow'shierarchy of needs? A) Individuals who fail to reach self-actualization feel a sense of failure. B) Level 1 is the need for safety and security C) Men are more concerned with safety needs and women are moreconcerned with esteem needs. D) Physiological needs must be met before an individual can attain self-actualization. E) An individual can skip levels 1, 2, and 3 and go directly to findingsuccess at level 4.

D) Physiological needs must be met before an individual can attain self-actualization.

Cassandra's mother told her, "You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside." This remark best illustrates the ________ theory of emotion. A)Cannon-Bard B)two-factor C)catharsis D)James-Lange

D)James-Lange

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) begins with: A. Resistance B. Appraisal C. Exhaustion D. Alarm E. Challenge

D. Alarm

Which psychological concept would predict the smiling one way on the outside would cause you to feel better on the inside? A. Relative deprivation B. Mimicry C. Empathy D. Facial feedback E. Catharsis

D. Facial feedback

What do we call the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness? A. Culture-specific expression B. Moebius syndrome C. Botox D. Facial feedback effect E. Culturally universal expression

D. Facial feedback effect

Which of the following is an unlearned, complex behavior exhibited by all members of a species? A. Reflex B. Drive C. Incentive D. Instinct E. Motive

D. Instinct

Which of the following best identifies any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches? A. Bacterial infection B. Psychoneuroimmunology C. Allergic reaction D. Psychophysiological illness E. Viral infection

D. Psychophysiological illness

Thaddeus will play a violin solo at his school tomorrow. His musical performance is likely to be ________ if his physiological arousal during the performance is ________. A)best; very low B)worst; moderate C)best; very high D)mediocre; moderate E)best; moderate

E)best; moderate

Which of the following is the major source of energy in your body? A. PYY B. Arcuate nucleus C. Hypothalamus D. Ghrelin E. Glucose

E. Glucose

Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from the Yerkes-Dodson Law? A. Performance on easy tasks is best when arousal is low. B. Performance is best when arousal is extremely high. C. Performance is best when arousal is extremely low. D. Performance on difficult tasks is best when arousal is high. E. Performance is best when arousal is moderate.

E. Performance is best when arousal is moderate.

Two years ago Maria was in an automobile accident in which her spinal cord was severed, leaving her paralyzed from her neck down. Today, Maria finds that she experiences emotions less intensely than she did before her accident. This tends to support which theory of emotion?

James-Lange

When someone is angry, their respiration, heart rate, and sweating increase. The same responses are also seen when someone is afraid. Walter Cannon suggested that such findings brought which theory into question?

James-Lange

what theory supports the idea that we observe our heart racing after a threat and then we feel afraid?

James-Lange

You are on your way to school to take a big exam. Suddenly, on noticing that your pulse is racing and that you are sweating, you feel nervous. With which theory of emotion is this experience most consistent?

James-Lange Theory

Cassandra's mother told her, You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside. This remark best illustrates the ________ theory of emotion.

James-Lange theory

Ten-year-old Vito tells his friend, When you notice that your knees knock, your hands sweat, and your stomach is in knots, then you really get scared. This statement best illustrates the

James-Lange theory

The suggestion that a happy face creates a merry soul is most consistent with the

James-Lange theory

The suggestion that we share a friend's feelings of joy if we smile with him or her best illustrates thelogic of a. the Cannon-Bard theory. b. the adaptation-level phenomenon. c. the James-Lange theory. d. the catharsis hypothesis. e. the relative deprivation theory.

James-Lange theory

the deadly trait

People who have anger and hostility characteristics (who are most likely type A) are much more at risk for heart disease

Lymphocytes

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.

anxious attachment

constantly craving acceptance but remaining vigilant to signs of possible rejection

Which theory would be most threatened by evidence that highly similar patterns of physiologicalactivity are associated with uniquely different emotional states? a. two-factor theory b. Cannon-Bard theory c. catharsis theory d. James-Lange theory e. adaptation-level phenomenon

d. James-Lange theory

The push of drive of being on stage and the pull of drive of the excitement and fame involved with it, combined motivates a person to go into action

example of incentive

neophobia

fear/dislike of new, unfamiliar things

insecure-avoidant attachment

feeling discomfort over getting close to others

Lymphocytes job

fight off disease

where are hunger centers located?

hypothalamus

if motivation comes from an external source, we call it an ____.

incentive

optimum arousal theory

individuals are motivated to maintain an optimum level of internal arousal/excitement preferred by the person

What level of arousal is best when going into a performance?

moderate level of arousal

drive reduction theory steps

need (for food) --> drive (hunger) --> drive reducing behaviors (eating)

Can stress cause cancer?

no

can stress cause AIDS?

no

After hitting a grand-slam home run, Mike noticed that his heart was pounding. Later that evening, after nearly having a collision while driving on the freeway, Mike again noticed that his heart was pounding. That he interpreted this reaction as fear, rather than as ecstasy, can best be explained by the:

two-factor theory

Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding it with their lips. This finding best serves to support the a. relative deprivation principle. b. Cannon-Bard theory. c. adaptation-level principle. d. James-Lange theory. e. catharsis hypothesis.

d. James-Lange theory.

Financial satisfaction is more strongly predictive of well-being in poor nations than in wealthy ones. This fact would most clearly be anticipated by a. instinct theory b. arousal theory c. evolutionary theory d. hierarchy of needs theory e. set point theory

d. hierarchy of needs theory

Which theory states that emotion results from the cognitive labeling of our physiological arousal? a. adaptation-level b. relative deprivation c. Cannon-Bard d. two-factor e. catharsis theory

d. two-factor

The spillover effect is best explained in terms of the a. relative deprivation principle. b. catharsis hypothesis. c. adaptation-level phenomenon. d. two-factor theory. e. well-being theory

d. two-factor theory

Astrid was emotionally aroused by a TV horror movie. She became extremely angry when heryounger brother momentarily blocked her view of the screen. When her movie viewing wasinterrupted by a phone call from her boyfriend, however, she experienced unusually intense romanticfeelings. Astrid's different emotional reactions to her brother and her boyfriend are best explained by the a. catharsis hypothesis. b. James-Lange theory. c. adaptation-level principle. d. two-factor theory. e. Cannon-Bard theory.

d. two-factor theory.

Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation?

drive-reduction theory

It is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of a. a set point. b. homeostasis. c. a drive. d. a need. e. an instinct.

e. an instinct.

Pari quickly becomes extremely frightened when she sees a small spider, even though she knows it is harmless. Her experience best illustrates that a. physiological responses precede emotion. b. physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously. c. arousal is adaptive. d. cognitive appraisals are important to our emotional responses. e. some emotional responses involve no conscious thinking.

e. some emotional responses involve no conscious thinking.

When students perceive the arousal that accompanies test-taking as energizing rather thandebilitating, they experience much less anxiety. This is best understood in terms of the a. relative deprivation principle. b. James-Lange theory. c. adaptation-level principle. d. catharsis hypothesis. e. two-factor theory

e. two-factor theory

When asked why he wants to become a doctor, Tom says, "Because I've always liked biology and being a doctor will allow me to make a good salary to take care of a family." His answer is most consistent with which of the following theories of motivation? A) Drive Reduction B) Incentive C) Hierarchy of Needs D) Arousal E) Instinct

B) Incentive

A journalist chooses to go to Afghanistan to cover the war hoping to acquire the admiration of his peers and a promotion. Which of the following theories of motivation best explains this decision? A) Drive Theory B) Incentive Theory C) Fixed Action Pattern D) Socio-Cognitive Theory E) Motivation

B) Incentive Theory

Motivation can best be defined as: A) An innate biological force that produces a fixed set of behaviors B) Various physiological and psychological factors that cause a person to act in a particular way C) A biological state in which an organism lacks something essential for survival D) The tendency or need for a body to stay in a balanced state E) Environmental factors that reward, reinforce, or encourage our behavior

B) Various physiological and psychological factors that cause a person to act in a particular way

Which theory explains that physiological needs create an aroused state that motivates an organism to reduce the need? A. Instinct theory B. Drive-reduction theory C. Achievement motivation D. Arousal theory E. Hierarchy of needs

B. Drive-reduction theory

Which subfield of psychology provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine? A. Cognitive B. Health C. Clinical D. Educational E. Community

B. Health

Which of the following is the lowest priority motive in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. Belongingness and love needs B. Physiological needs C. Esteem needs D. Self-actualization needs E. Self-transcendence needs

B. Physiological needs

After an alarming event, your temperature, blood pressure, and respiration are high, and you have an outpouring of hormones. Hans Selye would most likely guess that you are in which general adaptation syndrome phase? A. Exhaustion B. Resistance C. Immobilization D. Collapse E. Shock

B. Resistance

The ventromedial hypothalamus may be involved in ___, while the lateral hypothalamus may be involved in ___. A. Processing low fats;stopping eating B. Stopping eating response; the onset of eating C. Processing sugars; increasing hunger

B. Stopping eating response; the onset of eating

In what stage of the general adaptation syndrome is there a breakdown to internal organs and a weakening of the immune system? A) Alarm B) Resistance C) Exhaustion D) Relaxation E) Negative

C) Exhaustion

During junior high, the typical student is preoccupied with making friends. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is he/she satisfying? A) Fundamental Needs B) Safety Needs C) Love and Belonging Needs D) Esteem Needs E) Self-Actualization

C) Love and Belonging Needs

The basic components of emotion are: A)sympathetic arousal, parasympathetic inhibition, and cognitive labeling. B)physical gestures, facial expressions, and psychological drives. C)expressive behaviors, physiological arousal,& conscious experience. D)cognition, affect, and behavior.

C)expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience.

Syles general adaptation syndrome explains: A)reasons for motivation B)instinct C)reactions to stress D)facial feedback

C)reactions to stress

Following earthquake neighborhood comes together is an example of A)General adaptation syndrome B)drive-reduction C)tend and befriend D)hierarchy of needs

C)tend and befriend

Which of the following is the best term or phrase for the body's resting rate of energy expenditure? A. Hunger B. Set point C. Basal metabolic rate D. Body chemistry E. Settling point

C. Basal metabolic rate

Evidence that neck-level spinal cord injuries reduce the intensity with which people experience certain emotions most directly refutes the

Cannon-Bard

what theory supports the idea that our heart races at the same time that we feel afraid?

Cannon-Bard

What are the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? A) Alarm, Fight, Relaxation B) Alarm, Control, Exhaustion C) Resistance, Alarm, Homeostasis D) Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion E) Resistance, Exhaustion, Relaxation

D) Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

If a person does not eat for a period of time, it causes a need for food. This need produces a state of tension. The tension energizes the person to act in some way to find food, thereby returning the body to homeostasis. This is an example of: A) Intrinsic Action Pattern B) Sympathetic Nervous System C) Extrinsic Motivation D) Drive Reduction Theory E) Biological Needs

D) Drive Reduction Theory

sympathetic nervous system

arousing

Polygraphs are designed to measure the changes in breathing, cardiovascular activity, andperspiration that are thought to accompany specific emotions. Which theory of emotion bestsupports this assumption? a. James-Lange b. Cannon-Bard c. Schachter-Singer d. opponent-process

b. Cannon-Bard

Which of the following research findings is consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion? a. Facial expressions of emotion inhibit the conscious experience of emotion. b. Distinctly different patterns of brain activity are associated with distinctlydifferent emotions. c. People with spinal cord injuries experience a considerable increase in the intensityof their angry feelings. d. Similar hormones are released during both anger and excitement. e. Most emotional experience results from amygdala activation.

b. Distinctly different patterns of brain activity are associated with distinctly different emotions

Home-life satisfaction is more strongly predictive of well-being in wealthy nations than in poor ones. This fact would be most clearly anticipated by a. arousal theory. b. hierarchy of needs theory. c. instinct theory. d. evolutionary theory. e. incentive theory.

b. hierarchy of needs theory.

Which theory of motivation most clearly emphasizes the importance of genetic predispositions? a. drive-reduction theory b. instinct theory c. hierarchy of needs theory d. arousal theory e. incentive theory

b. instinct theory

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that: a. to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to anemotion-arousing event. b. the expression of emotion reduces our level of physiological arousal. c. an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both physiological arousaland the subjective experience of emotion. d. to experience emotion we must be physically aroused and able to cognitively labelthe emotion. e. cognitive experiences of emotion determine the extent of our physiological arousal.

b. the expression of emotion reduces our level of physiological arousal.

Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by ________ needs

belongingness

Which of the following suggests that the experience of emotion results from an awareness of our ownphysiological responses to an emotion-arousing event? a. Cannon-Bard theory b. catharsis hypothesis c. James-Lange theory d. adaptation-level phenomenon e. relative deprivation principle

c. James-Lange theory

Victims of famine will often eat unappetizing and nutritionally poor foods simply to relieve their constant hunger. Their behavior is best explained in terms of a. instinct theory b. incentive theory c. drive-reduction theory d. set point e. arousal theory

c. drive-reduction theory

When an organism's weight falls below its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n) ________ hunger and a(n) _______ its basal metabolic rate a. increase in; increase in b. stabilization of; decrease in c. increase in; decrease in d. decrease in; increase in e. increase in; stabilization of

c. increase in; decrease in

Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the a. relative deprivation principle. b. James-Lange theory. c. two-factor theory. d. catharsis hypothesis. e. adaptation-level principle.

c. two-factor theory.

parasympathetic nervous system

calming

Which of the following events would most likely cause an animal to overeat and become obese? a. destruction of its ventromedial hypothalamus b. lowering its set point c. stimulation of its ventromedial hypothalamus d. destruction of its lateral hypothalamus e. daily injections of glucose

a. destruction of its ventromedial hypothalamus

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be a human instinct. a. infant sucking b. curiosity c. the need to belong d. religious ritual e. the experience of flow

a. infant sucking

Although Cara has been obese for as long as she can remember, she's determined to lose excess body weight w/ a low-calorie diet. Cara is most likely to have difficulty becoming & staying thin b/c: a. she may have a higher than average set point for body weight b. fat cells can be lost only with vigorous exercise c. lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue d. her resting metabolic rate will increase and prompt her to overeat e. her hypothalamus shrank as a result of her excessive dieting

a. she may have a higher than average set point for body weight

After being physically aroused by his daily three-mile run, Martin finds that he experiences strongerresentment if his wife asks for an unexpected favor and more intense romantic feelings if she kisseshim. Martin's experience can best be explained by the a. two-factor theory. b. James-Lange theory. c. Cannon-Bard theory. d. catharsis hypothesis. e. adaptation-level principle.

a. two-factor theory

Vaseem experienced excessive fear while flying because he interpreted his rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, and heavy perspiration as a reaction to the imminent danger of a plane crash. When his psychotherapist convinced him that this physical arousal was simply a harmless reaction to acceleration, cabin pressure, and confined space, his fear of flying was greatly reduced. The reduction in Vaseem's fear is best understood in terms of the

two-factor theory

can stress cause heart disease?

yes; by increased blood pressure or build up of plaque in the arteries