Unit five APES

Based on the diagrams above, what is the percent change in the amount of runoff in urban areas compared to forested areas?

450% increase

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following illustrates the approximate percent increase in total water withdrawals between 1970 and 2010 ? 40 56 36 14

56

If an area was originally forested and then underwent urban development, which of the following shows the most likely effects on various parts of the water cycle in the area?

A

This area is likely to have impervious surfaces that increase runoff to streams during a rain event and can contribute to the heat island effect.

A

Based on the data in the graph, which location showed an annual average grain yield in 1991-1993 that was approximately 2.3 times the yield in 1961-1963 ?

ASIA

The land on a 100-acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle and growing corn. Of the following ways of distributing land use, which would produce the greatest number of calories of human consumption? Acres for Grazing Cattle = 20; Acres for Growing Corn = 80 Acres for Grazing Cattle = 0; Acres for Growing Corn = 100 Acres for Grazing Cattle = 100; Acres for Growing Corn = 0 Acres for Grazing Cattle = 80; Acres for Growing Corn = 20 Acres for Grazing Cattle = 50; Acres for Growing Corn = 50

Acres for Grazing Cattle = 0; Acres for Growing Corn = 100

Which of the following best represents the percent of water that is used for various purposes worldwide? Agriculture = 50%; Industrial and Municipal = 10%; Residental & Commercial = 40% Agriculture = 30%; Industrial and Municipal = 50%; Residental & Commercial = 20% Agriculture = 20%; Industrial and Municipal = 30%; Residental & Commercial = 50% Agriculture = 70%; Industrial and Municipal = 20%; Residental & Commercial = 10% Agriculture = 10%; Industrial and Municipal = 10%; Residental & Commercial = 70%

Agriculture = 70%; Industrial and Municipal = 20%; Residental & Commercial = 10%

A farmer grows several crops on a farm that has mostly shallow, sandy soil. Which of the following irrigation methods would be the best suited for this farm? surface irrigation drip irrigation flood irrigation furrow irrigation

Drip irrigation

Which of the following changes to the local hydrologic cycle will result if large areas of land experience clearcutting? Word definition Siltation: the blocking of something with sand or soil Siltation of local streams will decrease Runoff from watersheds will decrease. Transpiration of water from vegetation will increase Evaporation of water from the soil will increase.

Evaporation of water from the soil will increase.

A cost-benefit analysis done to investigate a proposed mine site would likely take which of the following into account? I. The medical costs of mine worker injuries I. The cost of environmental restoration of the site when it is shut down Ill. The value of the ore to be extracted from the mine

I, Il, and III

Which of the following describes an aspect of urbanization that would most increase the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere compared to rural and suburban areas? Decreased square footage of living space, per person, in most housing units in urban areas that leads to an increased carbon footprint A greater amount of impermeable surfaces in urban areas that prevents organic material from entering soils Increased amounts of waste per unit area in urban areas that leads to higher rates of decay and decomposition Reliance on mass transportation systems in urban areas, such as buses and trains rather than individual cars and trucks, which increases carbon dioxide release

Increased amounts of waste per unit area in urban areas that leads to higher rates of decay and decomposition

Which of the following is the best illustration of the pesticide treadmill? Process that is used to manufacture pesticides Sequence of several pesticides used by farmers to maximize effectiveness Biomagnification of pesticides in the fatty tissue of primary consumers Movement of pesticides following their percolation into the groundwater Increased use of pesticides to eradicate genetically resistant pests

Increased use of pesticides to eradicate genetically resistant pests

Which of the following is most likely to increase both the nutrient levels and the bacterial content of lake water? Acidification of the lake water by acid deposition Thermal pollution from a nearby power plant Percolation of the water through soil to groundwater Runoff from a nearby hog farm Increased aeration of the lake water

Runoff from a nearby hog farm

The excessive pumping of groundwater from wells can influence the water levels below ground. Which of the following is more likely to occur in aquifers in coastal areas than in aquifers in other regions? The formation of a cone of depression Saltwater intrusion into the aquifers Upward movement of the water table An increased rate of recharge from precipitation

Saltwater intrusion into the aquifers

which of the following is the most likely unintended consequence of using pesticides in agriculture? -The continual use of pesticides can cause organisms to build a resistance through genetic mutation that then requires more or stronger pesticides. -Pesticides can contaminate water sources near agricultural areas causing an increase in primary productivity that leads to eutrophication -Pesticides increase the amount of vegetation available for cattle in free range grazing, which causes the cattle to graze over a larger land area -The continual use of pesticides can lead to an increase in soil biodiversity from increased soil quality

The continual use of pesticides can cause organisms to build a resistance through genetic mutation that then requires more or stronger pesticides.

Which of the following describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources? -Deforestation to provide field crops with increased sunlight for photosynthesis -The development of new strains of crops with higher yields -The discovery that chlorophyll adds nutritional value to wheat, rice, and sorghum -The addition of calorie, fat, and fiber percentage to the information provided on food package labels -The application of higher levels of organic fertilizers to increase rice production

The development of new strains of crops with higher yields

Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage? Reclamation of mines by removing excess water Acid production by anaerobic bacteria in coal mines The use of acids to leach minerals from rocks to increase smelting efficiency Increased water pollution from acid rain entering copper mines The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines

The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines

The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in a sample of river water suggests which of the following? The dissolved oxygen level of the river is high. The river is devoid of plant life. Fish caught from the river will be free of parasites. The water is contaminated with animal waste. The pH of the river is very high.

The water is contaminated with animal waste.

One example of the tragedy of the commons occurs when trees are harvested from tropical rainforests without any regulations. Which of the following best describes why this is an example of the tragedy of the commons? Timber producers remove as much timber as possible as cheaply as possible. Trees are an important resource, but not all individuals can access the resource. Tropical rain forests have a thin layer of decaying organic matter and relatively low nutrient levels slowing tree growth. Tropical rain forests have the highest number of species per unit area, and trees are important for stability in the ecosystem.

Timber producers remove as much timber as possible as cheaply as possible.

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded? For every calorie of fish caught, a ship uses only about 0.5 calorie of fuel energy Populations of fish-eating birds such as the albatross have increased. Everything trapped by large bottom trawl nets is used for food Too many marine fish farms have been created. Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested

Which of the following solutions would help decrease flood frequencies and flood sizes that are caused by urbanization? Using new, more permeable materials for roads and sidewalks Installing new, more energy-efficient appliances in existing apartment buildings Filling nearby wetlands to reduce the amount of water in an area Encouraging construction of housing developments outward into nearby suburban and rural areas

Using new, more permeable materials for roads and sidewalks

It has been observed that forest fires can produce up to 40 percent of the mean annual global emissions of which of the following gases? ozone water vapor methane carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide

carbon dioxide

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity? selective cutting clear-cutting shelter wood cutting slash and burn cutting

clear-cutting

The process of extracting and separating gold in remote regions often results in environmental contamination with which of the following? asbestos CFC's ozone cyanide

cyanide

Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation? conventional center pivot irrigation flood irrigation gravity flow irrigation drip irrigation

drip irrigation

This type of irrigation, often used in orchards growing tree crops, distributes water to plants through small parallel channels between crop rows but often leads to increased soil erosion in the field. drip irrigation flood irrigation furrow irrigation spray irrigation

furrow irrigation

Factors contributing to the rise in world hunger include all of the following EXCEPT increasing rate of population growth increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein increasing poverty in developing countries loss of or decline in arable land unequal distribution of available food supplies

increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein