Urinary System
Hematuria
Abnormality in which blood is in urine.
20-25%
At rest, the kidneys receive this percentage of blood flow from the heart while making up less than 1% of the overall mass of the body.
4.5-8.0
Average pH of urine.
Renal Artery
Blood enters the kidney through the relatively large _______ ________.
Renal Vein
Blood exits the kidney through the large _______ _______.
Ketones in urine
Caused by incomplete breakdown of fatty acids and may indicate fasting, pregnancy or strenuous exercise.
Nephritis
Chronically low specific gravity may indicate this. (inflammation of kidney)
Detrusor Muscle
Contractions of this muscle allow for urination to occur.
Renal Capsule
Deepest layer of connective tissue surrounding kidneys. It is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue used to help protect the kidneys from damage.
Pale/Colorless Urine
Dilute- high water consumption or diabetes insipidus.
Collecting Ducts
Filtrate that is produced by the nephrons passes though this. Collecting ducts from many nephrons come together in the renal pyramids and DRAIN URINE into a small cup-shaped structure called a MINOR CALYX.
Left Kidney
Found slightly superior to the other kidney. (Left or right?)
Nephrons
Functional unit of kidneys. Microscopic structures that filter wastes from blood.
Diabetes Mellitus
High glucose level in urine may indicate this. It is a condition where glucose is not utilized by the cells of the body and thus builds up in the blood. NEWLY MOWN HAY SMELLING URINE
URINARY Bladder
Hollow, muscular organ that stores urine until it can be excreted.
Three
How many layers of connective tissue surround the kidneys?
Renal Fascia
Most superficial layer of connective tissue surrounding kidneys. Thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue that helps hold the kidney against the abdominal wall.
Renal Pyramid
Nephrons are found within this...
1.008-1.030
Normal specific gravity of urine.
Kidneys
Organs where most of the functions of the urinary system (besides the storage and movement of urine) are carried out.
Longer Urethra
Reason that men are less likely to get UTI. Greater surface area makes it more likely that bacteria will be flushed away during urination.
Renal Columns
Shafts of cortical tissue that extend into the middle of the kidney.
Adipose Capsule
Superficial to the renal capsule. A layer of this tissue acts as a shock absorber to the kidneys. This is the middle layer.
Renal Lobe
Term for the combination of a renal pyramid, the renal cortex superficial the renal pyramid and 1/2 of each renal column on either side.
Urinalysis
Testing the urine for abnormalities.
Urethra
Tube responsible for conducting urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Renal Medulla
"Middle" of kidney, contains a number of darker, cone shaped structures called renal pyramids.
Kidney Functions
-Blood is filtered and water & wastes are removed. - Important materials and most of the water that was filtered from blood is returned back to the blood.
Hilus
Indentation on the medial border of the kidney where ureter, renal artery and renal vein enter or leave the kidney.
Internal Urethral Sphincter
Inferior to the opening between the urethra and the bladder. This sphincter is involuntary and opens when the external urethral sphincter (which is voluntary control) is opened.
Renal Cortex
Lighter, more superficial layer of the kidney that is in direct contact with the smooth, transparent renal capsule.
Fishy smell
May indicate cystitis (inflammation of urinary bladder due to infection)
Milky White Urine
May indicate fat globules or pus in urine. Pus in urine could mean UTI.
Specific Gravity
Measurement of the density of urine compared to water.
Drainage of urine
Minor Calyx, Major Calyx, Renal Pelvis, Ureter.
Ureter
Urine produced by the kidney will exit through this...
Muscular Ureter
Uses gravity, hydrostatic pressure and peristaltic contractions to move urine toward the urinary bladder.