urinary test zoom + PPT questions
kidney tumors
almost always malignant. metastasize quickly. remove affected kidney.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a female client who has acute cystitis and is to start therapy with phenazopyridine. Which of the following information should the nurse give to the client?
"wear a protective pad under clothing to prevent staining."
Hemodialysis access
-AV fistula assess for thrills (vibration you feel) and bruit (hear)
Wet diaper rule
1 gram = 1 mL
Cystitis symptoms
1) urinary frequency 2) urgency 3) burning 4) dysuria (suprapubic pain) 5) incontinence **Young, otherwise healthy women are the most common case presented.
A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has a continuous bladder irrigation in place. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
1. Use sterile technique when preparing the irrigation solution 2. Make sure the drainage tubing is patent and without obstruction 3. Notify the surgeon if the urine is bright red or has large clots
Normal BUN levels
5-20 mg/dL
UTI
ANY infection of the urinary tract. kidneys, bladder, etc
kidney mass first test
CAT scan will give best picture of mass, ultrasound gives best picture of cyst
urinary retention complications
Complications include urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder damage, chronic kidney disease, and hydronephrosis
Recovery phase of AKI
Continues until kidney function is fully restored and can take up to 12 months 3-12 months
renal calculi causes
Diet: Protein increases uric acid secretion Tea or fruit juices increase oxalate level Increased intake of calcium and oxalate Low fluid intake Genetic factors Immobility, sedentary lifestyle
kidney stones (renal calculi)
Flank pain radiating to lower abdomen and groin Keep hydrated 200 ml/Hr and 2.5 L a day PO Manage pain
Normal creatinine levels
Male 0.7-1.3 mg/dL, Female 0.6- 1.1 mg/dL
4 drugs urinary
Pyridium - for bladder pain. turn pee red/orange. stain prednisone - long term education monitor blood glucose because can increase because of medication Nitrofurantoin - antibiotic. chronic UTI. side effects - brown/rust urine ditropan - give for bladder spasms
Types of dialysis
hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
dietary restrictions for acute glomerulonephritis
adequate fluid intake. measure intake and output. low sodium diet. diuretics. low protein diet. calcium supplements.
Incontinence types
Stress Urge Overflow Functional
Diuretic phase of AKI
UO 4000-5000 ml /day Increased BUN Loss of Na and K in urine Increased mental and physical activity
infectious diseases urinary
UTI Pyelonephritis Glomerulonephritis Cystitis Urethritis Interstitial cystitis
A school age child is diagnosed with strep throat. For which potential health problem should the nurse provide teaching to the parents?
acute glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis treatment
antibiotics
Cystitis treatment
antibiotics is only treatment. other meds only mask pain.
hemodialysis weigh before and after
assess for volume deficit. how much fluid was pulled off.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following should be reported immediately to the provider?
blood pressure 162/90
kidney function - body systems affected
cardiac gastrointestinal neurological integumentary liver respiratory
nephrotic syndrome
characterized by massive proteinuria caused by glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the main treatments. normally in peds.
Onset phase of AKI
decreased lymph flow to the lymph nodes which causes necrosis
kidney transplant rejection
decreased urine output first hypertension edema oliguria abdominal pain swelling/tenderness over kidney site weight gain SOB increase serum creatinine levels
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for lithotripsy about conditions that can contribute to the formation of renal calculi. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include?
dehydration
A nurse is collecting data for a client who has early manifestations of renal impairment. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
diluted urine
early signs renal impairment
diluted urine because kidneys aren't filtering well reduced urine output
How to weigh diapers
dry first to zero out scale, then wet.
A nurse is collecting data for a middle-aged client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following finding should the nurse expect?
flank pain
urinary assessment hands on
from belly button to suprapubic and lower flank/back area
potty training peds
get up during night to pee go every hour during the day to pee reward when properly used toilet reassure parent that accidents up until 6 is not something to freak about medically restrict fluids before bed do not use punishment if they have accidents because they have no control yet
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as contributing to this diagnosis?
high-purine diet
PKD signs and symptoms
hypertension hematuria abdominal discomfort
review catheter steps
in book. know the order. know what someone may do wrong.
history urinary assessment
incontinence urine - smell, color, amount pain masses
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
inherited kidney disease characterized by presence of multiple cysts throughout kidney tissue; eventually destroys kidneys and results in kidney failure
A nurse is implementing a bladder-training program for a client. For which of the following actions by the assistive personnel (AP) who is helping with the client's care should the nurse intervene?
instructs the client to urinate whenever the urge occurs
overflow incontinence
involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder
kidney vs bladder infection
kidney: flank/back bladder: suprapubic
renal failure low protein diet
kidneys cannot breakdown waste products produced by protein breakdown
glomerular nephritis treatments
low sodium diet. low protein diet. protect kidneys.
Oliguric phase of AKI
low urine volume, diluted volume. greater than 500 ml per day high K, low Na, weight gain/fluid retention, metabolic acidosis
acute kidney injury phases
onset, oliguric, diuretic, recovery
glomerular nephritis signs
periorybital edema. fever sudden onset. nausea. malaise. headache. hypertension.
A nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care?
place client on a low-sodium diet
bladder training older person
set timer and go every 2 hours teach to void but then sit there a bit longer and make sure there is no residual
bladder stones
sometimes pass easier. kidney require stent more often than bladder.
urge incontinence
state in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void
glomerular nephritis causes
strep. strep. strep.
hydronephrosis
the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys
stress incontinence
the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
peritoneal dialysis
the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood. 24/7. patient does their own treatment at home catheter is inserted directly into patient and comes out by gravity
functional incontinence
the person has bladder control but cannot use the toilet in time
hemodialysis
the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood hook up blood and run through artificial kidney
PKD diagnosis (pg 1075)
ultrasound shows renal cysts
A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should collect additional data to determine if the client has which of the following conditions?
urinary tract infection
when is kidney transplant needed
very end stage. basically nitrogen waste products aren't being eliminated at all. cannot maintain electrolyte or fluid balance at all.
nephrotic syndrome physical assessments
vital signs swelling in eyes and ankles GENERALIZE EDEMA urinalysis specific gravity PROTEINURIA DECREASED PROTEIN IN BLOOD bluid triglycerides cholesterol abdominal rigidity pg 628 - nephrotic syndrome
The nurse is preparing to weigh an infant's diaper for urine output. What should the nurse do first?
weigh a dry diaper
chronic kidney disease assessment
weigh every day for fluid retention purposes.
