urinary test zoom + PPT questions

kidney tumors

almost always malignant. metastasize quickly. remove affected kidney.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a female client who has acute cystitis and is to start therapy with phenazopyridine. Which of the following information should the nurse give to the client?

"wear a protective pad under clothing to prevent staining."

Hemodialysis access

-AV fistula assess for thrills (vibration you feel) and bruit (hear)

Wet diaper rule

1 gram = 1 mL

Cystitis symptoms

1) urinary frequency 2) urgency 3) burning 4) dysuria (suprapubic pain) 5) incontinence **Young, otherwise healthy women are the most common case presented.

A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has a continuous bladder irrigation in place. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)

1. Use sterile technique when preparing the irrigation solution 2. Make sure the drainage tubing is patent and without obstruction 3. Notify the surgeon if the urine is bright red or has large clots

Normal BUN levels

5-20 mg/dL

UTI

ANY infection of the urinary tract. kidneys, bladder, etc

kidney mass first test

CAT scan will give best picture of mass, ultrasound gives best picture of cyst

urinary retention complications

Complications include urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder damage, chronic kidney disease, and hydronephrosis

Recovery phase of AKI

Continues until kidney function is fully restored and can take up to 12 months 3-12 months

renal calculi causes

Diet: Protein increases uric acid secretion Tea or fruit juices increase oxalate level Increased intake of calcium and oxalate Low fluid intake Genetic factors Immobility, sedentary lifestyle

kidney stones (renal calculi)

Flank pain radiating to lower abdomen and groin Keep hydrated 200 ml/Hr and 2.5 L a day PO Manage pain

Normal creatinine levels

Male 0.7-1.3 mg/dL, Female 0.6- 1.1 mg/dL

4 drugs urinary

Pyridium - for bladder pain. turn pee red/orange. stain prednisone - long term education monitor blood glucose because can increase because of medication Nitrofurantoin - antibiotic. chronic UTI. side effects - brown/rust urine ditropan - give for bladder spasms

Types of dialysis

hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

dietary restrictions for acute glomerulonephritis

adequate fluid intake. measure intake and output. low sodium diet. diuretics. low protein diet. calcium supplements.

Incontinence types

Stress Urge Overflow Functional

Diuretic phase of AKI

UO 4000-5000 ml /day Increased BUN Loss of Na and K in urine Increased mental and physical activity

infectious diseases urinary

UTI Pyelonephritis Glomerulonephritis Cystitis Urethritis Interstitial cystitis

A school age child is diagnosed with strep throat. For which potential health problem should the nurse provide teaching to the parents?

acute glomerulonephritis

Pyelonephritis treatment

antibiotics

Cystitis treatment

antibiotics is only treatment. other meds only mask pain.

hemodialysis weigh before and after

assess for volume deficit. how much fluid was pulled off.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following should be reported immediately to the provider?

blood pressure 162/90

kidney function - body systems affected

cardiac gastrointestinal neurological integumentary liver respiratory

nephrotic syndrome

characterized by massive proteinuria caused by glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the main treatments. normally in peds.

Onset phase of AKI

decreased lymph flow to the lymph nodes which causes necrosis

kidney transplant rejection

decreased urine output first hypertension edema oliguria abdominal pain swelling/tenderness over kidney site weight gain SOB increase serum creatinine levels

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for lithotripsy about conditions that can contribute to the formation of renal calculi. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include?

dehydration

A nurse is collecting data for a client who has early manifestations of renal impairment. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

diluted urine

early signs renal impairment

diluted urine because kidneys aren't filtering well reduced urine output

How to weigh diapers

dry first to zero out scale, then wet.

A nurse is collecting data for a middle-aged client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following finding should the nurse expect?

flank pain

urinary assessment hands on

from belly button to suprapubic and lower flank/back area

potty training peds

get up during night to pee go every hour during the day to pee reward when properly used toilet reassure parent that accidents up until 6 is not something to freak about medically restrict fluids before bed do not use punishment if they have accidents because they have no control yet

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as contributing to this diagnosis?

high-purine diet

PKD signs and symptoms

hypertension hematuria abdominal discomfort

review catheter steps

in book. know the order. know what someone may do wrong.

history urinary assessment

incontinence urine - smell, color, amount pain masses

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

inherited kidney disease characterized by presence of multiple cysts throughout kidney tissue; eventually destroys kidneys and results in kidney failure

A nurse is implementing a bladder-training program for a client. For which of the following actions by the assistive personnel (AP) who is helping with the client's care should the nurse intervene?

instructs the client to urinate whenever the urge occurs

overflow incontinence

involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder

kidney vs bladder infection

kidney: flank/back bladder: suprapubic

renal failure low protein diet

kidneys cannot breakdown waste products produced by protein breakdown

glomerular nephritis treatments

low sodium diet. low protein diet. protect kidneys.

Oliguric phase of AKI

low urine volume, diluted volume. greater than 500 ml per day high K, low Na, weight gain/fluid retention, metabolic acidosis

acute kidney injury phases

onset, oliguric, diuretic, recovery

glomerular nephritis signs

periorybital edema. fever sudden onset. nausea. malaise. headache. hypertension.

A nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care?

place client on a low-sodium diet

bladder training older person

set timer and go every 2 hours teach to void but then sit there a bit longer and make sure there is no residual

bladder stones

sometimes pass easier. kidney require stent more often than bladder.

urge incontinence

state in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void

glomerular nephritis causes

strep. strep. strep.

hydronephrosis

the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

stress incontinence

the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

peritoneal dialysis

the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood. 24/7. patient does their own treatment at home catheter is inserted directly into patient and comes out by gravity

functional incontinence

the person has bladder control but cannot use the toilet in time

hemodialysis

the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood hook up blood and run through artificial kidney

PKD diagnosis (pg 1075)

ultrasound shows renal cysts

A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should collect additional data to determine if the client has which of the following conditions?

urinary tract infection

when is kidney transplant needed

very end stage. basically nitrogen waste products aren't being eliminated at all. cannot maintain electrolyte or fluid balance at all.

nephrotic syndrome physical assessments

vital signs swelling in eyes and ankles GENERALIZE EDEMA urinalysis specific gravity PROTEINURIA DECREASED PROTEIN IN BLOOD bluid triglycerides cholesterol abdominal rigidity pg 628 - nephrotic syndrome

The nurse is preparing to weigh an infant's diaper for urine output. What should the nurse do first?

weigh a dry diaper

chronic kidney disease assessment

weigh every day for fluid retention purposes.