US History Chapter 8 World War II

USS Arizona

American battleship sunk at Pearl Harbor; over 1,000 crew members died; floating memorial. It sank literally below the water line. 1,177 killed/334 survivors. There are men that are gotta be stuck alive for hours. Fires waging everywhere because of oil. The rescue team doesn't have the tools to save the day. They sealed the ship.

Dove

Americans who opposed the Vietnam War.

Hawks

Americans who supported the Vietnam War.

Hawaii

An essential location because it's centrally located in the Pacific. It therefore makes more sense to become a naval base. It became a state in 1959.

The End Nears

As Allied forces pushed across Europe, Hitler staged one final offensive: the Battle of the Bulge. German forces quickly moved to punch through Allied forces as they pushed across Belgium towards Germany's border. American forces held, and American armor crushed Nazi line and sent their forces retreating back towards Germany. Germany suffered over 100,000 casualties and lost most of their tanks and airplanes. No resources left to halt Allies from invading Germany. Americans and Brits closed from West/Soviets from the East. Soviet forces crushed German opposition and reached Berlin on April 21, 1945. Hitler committed suicide to escape capture, ending the war in Europe.

Battle of the Bulge

December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.

Bombing of Wheeler Field

During the first wave of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, 25 dive-bombers dropped about 35 bombs on the hangars at Wheeler Field. The Japanese airplanes returned to bomb the fight line, turning it into a fire river.

Showgun

Japan had an emperor for a thousand years, but the person who has been in charge most of their time is a military lord.

The ships undamaged.

According to he map from the notes, what does black represent?

The ships that were heavily damaged.

According to he map from the notes, what does orange represent?

The ships that were sunk.

According to he map from the notes, what does red represent?

The ships that were moderately damaged.

According to he map from the notes, what does yellow represent?

Pearl Harbor

Base in Hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war. It is called this harbor because it's a harbor of pearls. The Pacific Ocean showing the proximity of USA, Japan, and Hawaii.

Erwin Rommel

"Desert Fox"-May 1942; German and Italian armies were led by him and attacked British occupied Egypt and the Suez Canal for the second time; were defeated at the Battle of El Alamein; was moved to France to oversee the defenses before D-Day; tried to assassinate Hitler. He is in charge during D-Day.

Monarchies

Before World War I, Europe was dominating by whom? After World War I, there not as much of them.

Mein Kampf

'My Struggle' by Hitler, later became the basic book of Nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession.

2 Front War

A war in which fighting takes place on two geographically separate fronts.

Appeasement

Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict. Giving into the demands in keeping things from getting worse.

DMZ (demilitarized zone)

2.5 mile stretch between NK and SK where both countries agreed to place no soldiers or weapons.

Radar

A brand new system that was operational in Hawaii to detect airplanes. It was rather primitive and only showed 'blips' on a screen to indicate an object approaching or leaving. Dec. 7th it picked up the incoming attack but the officer in charge dismissed it as an expected flight of US B-17's arriving.

Trotsky

A brilliant strategist who served as commander of the victorious Reds in the civil war and Lenin's advisor until Lenin's death. He was very persuasive and had charisma; he was very good at propaganda. He fought Stalin for the head job after Lenin's death in 1924, but lost. Stalin sends agents to assassinate him 15 years after he banished. He was killed with an ice ax.

Totalitarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.). A political structure where one group or person has rule over the nation.

Paramilitary Group

A group that is not an official army but that operates and is organized like an army.

Rationing

A limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use.

SA (Sturmabteilung)

A paramilitary group. Nazi police force also known as Storm Troops or Brown Shirts. They're not part of the Germans, but they have the ability to utilize violence to get what they want. Eventually, they will move over to the SS when Hitler takes over.

Isolationism

A policy of non-participation in international economic and political relations. It is something we have nothing to do with and not taking part. If we can help, then we should help. War is inevitable, especially when you're dealing with this kind of ideology.

The US Defeat at Pearl Harbor 12-7-1941

A politically motivated, self-inflicted defeat, or just US military incompetence? The main reason why the US joined World War II. The worst loss we had other than the Civil War and before 9/11. Over 2,400 people (military and civilian) died. The traditional story. Once upon a time, the year is 1941. The US and Japan were allies. Japan embraced industrialism. They crusaded for natural resources. Japan has been waging a war of aggression in Asia since the 30's. She has conquered all before her. Their navy, army, and airforce are undefeated. They possess modern technology and their soldiers use the latest strategy. Japan has signed a part with Nazi Germany (and Italy) due to Germany emerging as the preeminent power in the West (Sept. 1940). The Tripartite Pact. No reason for Japan to attack us. Japan attacks us for resources. Only the United States of America is managing to curb Japan's ambition by restricting her oil supplies. Japan realizes that to succeed in her ambitions she must remove American influence from the Pacific. Because America is bigger and more powerful than Japan, a surprise assault is the only realistic way to defeat her. 12-7-1941: Imperial Japan's First Air Fleet launches a surprise attack on the United States Navy (USN) based at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The President, Franklin Roosevelt, called it 'a date which will live infamy' because the attack came before war had been declared. The result was that the United States joined World War Two as an ally of Britain against Germany and Japan.

Rosie the Riveter

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

Manifesto

A public declaration of policies or intentions. A road map of where Hitler thinks the country should go.

Japan

A small country with limited resources.

Adolf Hitler

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocaust. "Der Fuhrer" 1934-1945. He is an Austrian National. He fought for the Germans in World War I. At the end of the war, he was unhappy just like the Germans. He lost friends and people he cared about. He applies to the school of art, but he was kicked out. He became broke and returned to Germany. When he returns to Germany, he comes up with a new political movement called the German Workers' Party. He is very intelligent, charismatic, and well-spoken. He is certainly driven. He tried to seize power in failed coup in 1923, sentenced to prison. Wrote Mein Kampf while incarcerated, and decided that election was the true path to power. Focused on getting Nazi politicians elected to Reichstag. By 1932 Nazi majority in the Reichstag gets him elected chancellor (PM). Once PM (Prime Minister), he ordered the crackdown on all other political parties/Nazi controlled Reichstag gives him absolute power. He blames the Jews because they controlled the banking system in Germany, and they turned off the money tact. They wouldn't continue to support the war effort momentarily. They chose the Jews because they're an easy target. After he gets out of prison, his path towards power is to play the real game, politics. They start to gain support. He was made Chancellor of Germany. Now, he is gonna take over and solidify control behind himself by propaganda, popular support, and violence. Within two years, he goes from chancellor and the Nazi's having some power to the Nazi Party to be the only political party legally allowed to operate inside Germany. Either they take part or keep their mouth shut. He is gonna be responsible for reigniting the German economy and pulling them out of their right devotion. The Treaty of Versailles says they can't have a way. Hitler rips it off and builds a navy and new air crafts and tanks. They reinstitute a draft. He is bad for your health if you're a minority. He shot himself in the head. He was taken to the courtyard and burnt himself with gasoline. He was dead.

When Nazis took Manhattan

Austrians spoke German. At this point in 1938, Nazi was spread way past Germany. It even happened at Times Square in New York City. A sign of racial period. Germany is gonna take over Austria. 0 people died. After Austria gets annexed, then other European countries get nervous.

Fuhrerbunker

Beginning in January 1945, Hitler is gonna move to this capital building. An air-raid shelter located near the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. It's basically a bomb shelter. It was part of a subterranean bunker complex constructed in two phases which were completed in 1936 and 1944. It has a command center and an apartment. It was the last of the Führer Headquarters (Führerhauptquartiere) used by Adolf Hitler during the Second World War. Meanwhile, Soviets are gonna beat the Americans to Berlin. It gets ugly. Everyone fights to death in Germany. They would rather surrender to the Americans than the Germans because the Soviet Union was liquidating Germans. Veterans from World War I (old) and children were home guards. They killed Soviet Soldiers. It was destroyed after the war. It's basically a playground now.

On the Move

Bombing of Germany stepped up beginning in 1943. Focused on taking out Germany's airplane factories and oil supplies. Allied forces then crossed Mediterranean and invaded first Sicily, then Italy itself. Goal was defeating Italy and forcing German forces away from N. Europe. Fighting was fierce, but Allied forces eventually took Rome and forced German and Italian forces to surrender. Italy was knocked out of the war for good and Germany was detailed with heavy casualties. Nazi's est. a puppet government in N. Italy and put Mussolini in charge.

Arthur Neville Chamberlain

British Prime Minister associated with appeasement and the surrender of the Sudetenland to Hitler in the 1930's.

James Doolittle

Commanded the mission that dropped the first U.S. bombs on Japan.

Naruhito

Current emperor of Japan. He has a daughter meaning that there might be an empress.

SS (Schutzstaffel)

Elite guard, under the command of Heinrich Himmler, responsible for the administration of the concentration camps and for carrying out the "Final Solution". Eventually, the SA will move over to this group when Hitler takes over.

Hirohito

Emperor of Japan during WWII.

Infamy

Evil fame or reputation. Something that is remembered because of its negative connotation.

Joseph Goebbels

German propaganda minister in Nazi Germany who persecuted the Jews (1897-1945). He was the new Chancellor of Germany for one day. Hitler wants him to escape Berlin, but he says no. He had 6 children. His wife was a soldier and sent to a hospital. He killed his children, his wife, and himself.

Akihito

Former emperor of Japan.

Lenin

Founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist Party dictatorship. He led the October Revolution of 1917, in which the Communists seized power in Russia. He then ruled the country until his death due to cancer in 1924.

Triparite Pact

Germany, Italy & Japan sign an agreement that each country would declare war on any country that attacked any of them. Known as the axis.

Islands of Hawaii

Hawaii, Kahoolawe, Maui, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau

Isoroku Yamamoto

He's a genius. He is today considered a dove. A Japanese Commander whose Fleet Admiral and Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy. He was well aware of what war meant and was a political 'dove' as a result. He's the mastermind behind the attack on Pearl Harbor. Japan had spies. He believed that fighting was to be avoided and only used as a last resort. But once engaged in, war had to prosecuted with the utmost strength. A formidable strategist and high caliber military leader he led the move to attack Pearl Harbor. He had visited Italy after the British Nay air strike at Taranto had crippled the Italian navy. He realized the potential of air power. Already highly regarded, he now achieved a huge status in Japanese public opinion. He knew, however, that this was unjustified. The attack had not achieved a primary objective-the sinking of American carriers. In addition this public status would backfire on Japan. He is dead during war. He was target by us. We killed him. His death is gonna show that the war wasn't the way the Japanese wanted to. When he was killed later in the war, there was a large drop in Japanese morale.

Nazi Party Rally

Held in Skokie, Illinois, a largely Jewish suburb of Chicago.

Hitler Pushes Toward War

Hitler began to defy the Treaty of Versailles in 1935 by announcing the rebuilding of the air force and the expansion of the German Army. The other European countries do nothing. Hitler ignores them back to an extent. European leaders hoped to take a stance of appeasement with Hitler to avoid another costly and bloody conflict, Hitler's demands, esp. the reunification of all German-speaking regions were reasonable. European rulers assumed that the Nazis would be more interested in peace once they regained their territory. The worst war in World History happened twenty years previously. March 1936: German troops occupy the Rhineland between Germany/France in direct defiance of Treaty of Versailles. Feb. 1938: Hitler threatens to invade Austria unless Austrian Nazis are given high ranking gov. posts. Then sent troops into Austria to forcibly unite Austria and Germany. Munich Conference, Sept. 1938, European leaders continued to try and appease Hitler and forced Czechoslovakia to give up the Czech Sudetenland. Hitler slowly and methodically plays the other leaders. The next month, Hitler asks for more. He wanted parts of Poland. Oct 1938: Hitler demands Polish city of Danzig (one of the most important cities of Poland which contains the Atlantic Ocean) be returned to German control (Last straw for England and France). Hilter reaches out to another powerful European country. He reaches out to the Soviet Union. Germany will invade Poland from the west, while the Soviet Union invades Poland from the east. The Soviet Union was eventually part of the USA. Europe is another conflict, and it's gonna get ugly. Hitler keeps going.

Eva Braun

Hitler's wife. She died when she was 33 years old while his husband died at the age of 56.

USS Arizona Memorial

Honolulu, Hawaii is where the USS Arizona was kept to remember the devastation.

Six aircraft carriers, two battleships, two cruisers, and nine destroyers traveled under strict radio silence and screened from view by a large weather front! (came within two hundred miles of the Hawaiian Islands). They also had secrecy, time their leaving, and fleet leave to go somewhere.

How did the Japanese battle fleet fly nearly 3,900 miles undetected across the Pacific Ocean?

World War II in Europe and Africa

In 1942, British forces stop the German advance at El Alamein. On November 8, 1942, Western Task Force (Patton) from USA comes to Morocco. Central Task Force (Fredenhall) from UK goes to Algeria. Eastern Task Force (Ryder) from UK goes to Algeria. On November 9, 1942, German Troops (Nehring) come to Tunisia. In 1943, German troops surrender at Stalingrad, and allies invade Sicily; Italy surrenders. By May of 1943, the United States removed Germany's control of the entire region of Italy. Americans wanted to take away the region from the Germans by removing Italy as an ally of the Germans. We convinced that the invasion is from Italy to Central Europe. We wanted to pull Germany's focus from France. In 1944, allies invade Normandy; liberate Paris, and Hitler launches the Battle of the Bulge. We're gonna cross Normandy. There's a large resistance in France. In June 1944, we invade France. By 1944-1945, Germany ran out of supplies. Hitler is gonna launch one last ditch effort just like the end of World War I. War ends in 1945. In 1945, allied forces advance on Berlin, and Germany surrenders on May 7. The war ends in 1945 because of the shear of men and materials that the US pours into Europe and the Soviet Union fought the Germans on the Eastern Front, while the US fought the Germans on the Western Front. The winters in Russia were brutal, and the Soviet Union is even bigger than Russia. Hitler gets bagged down trying to control Stalingrad because it's literally named after Joseph Stalin. He wanted to capture him. Stalin denies the citizens from leaving.

Benito Mussolini "II Duce"

Leader of Italy. 1922-1943. This person ends up with owning a series of newspapers in Italy. He used them to spread his information, to support his cause, and to speak out against any opposition. He chooses Communism. Exploited Italian fears of communism by portraying fascism as the only answer to the rise of communism. He's gonna rule for the next 18 years. Backed by fascist militia, he convinced Italian king to name him Premier/quickly set up a dictatorship once in power. He was the most powerful leader. He was dead because of a British special forces operation. He was captured.

Canal

Long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation which connects two bodies of water.

The Attack!

Morning of Dec. 7, 183 torpedo bombers and dive-bombers took off from the Japanese fleet (250 miles NW of Hawaii). The Japanese attacked in two waves (first wave, primary attack-second wave, the finisher). The first wave was detected by U.S. Army radar, but was misidentified as USAAF bombers arriving from the American mainland!

U.S. Strike Back

Needing a morale boost at home, Roosevelt ordered U.S. military command to figure out a way to strike at Japan. Plans were made to launch long range bombers from aircraft carriers to strike Tokyo. The Doolittle Raid would hit the capital, then crash land planes in China. April 18, 1942, American bombs hit Japan for the first time. Retaliation for Pearl Harbor, and showed Japanese that they were not safe from American bombs. They have to take the least weight aircraft bombers and strip them out. These planes are too big to land on American carriers. It works.

Desert Fox

Nickname given for German General Erwin Rommel; led German forces through North Africa.

Fort Island is in the middle, and battleship row is the dent on the SE side.

Pearl Harbor, today. Locate the map.

German Workers' Party

Predecessor to the Nazi party that Hitler joined after WWI.

Hideki Tojo

Prime minister of Japan during World War II. PM/Minister of War 1940-1944. Due to economic hardship, Japanese military officers convinced the country that military leadership was the only way the country would prosper. Democracy un-Japanese and needed to be stamped out. Japanese emperor was still seen as "God on Earth ", but had little real political power. Military pushed for seizing foreign countries to supply the needed resources for Japanese expansion/when the PM spoke out, was assassinated and total military control was enacted.

Pearl Harbor Anchorage

Reasons why the map looks weird are because the ships are close together in a straight line and there is only one way in or not.

Messages

Saturday Dec. 6: US intercepts a 14 part Japanese transmission It takes time to decode it. The US military is aware of Japanese military activity and experts further Japanese advances-maybe into Malaya. Saturday Dec. 7: Last part of the message is decoded and reads that diplomatic relations between Japan and the USA are to be severed. This is received in Washington DC at 9 am. Another Japanese message is received instructing the Japanese ambassador to tell the message to the Americans at 1 pm. The US military realizes that 1 pm Washington is early morning Hawaii. US military sends out an alert, but radio contact with Hawaii is lost. General George Marshall needs to be found to send the message, but is out horse-riding. He can't be found. Message is sent by commercial telegraph. Message received in Hawaii before the attack-7:33 am-but although marked urgent it still isn't received at HQ (by Japanese-American on a bicycle!) for 4 hours.

He was an idiot.

The Germans built inflatable tanks and wooden planes. Why did Hitler buy it?

Fall of the Philippines

The Japanese were the most formidable ground force. Within hrs. of the attack on Pearl Harbor Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. We took control of the Philippines during the Spanish-American War. They plan to begin domination of Pacific by removing all U.S. forces. Outnumbered American and Philippino forces put up a fight, but were forced to surrender in April, 1942. Americans were down to eating rats, mules, and horses by the end. The Japanese didn't treat prisoners very well. Defeated Americans were forced to march to Japanese prison camps through 65 miles of dense jungle. This march became known as the Bataan Death March. If you talk back or look side-ways, then you're executed. People who broke the rules die. Nearly 10,000 died of disease, starvation, and exposure before it was over. The men are about 30 years old.

You need to organize, transport, and give supplies to troops.

The Pacific Ocean and Europe are far away which can become a nightmare. Why?

May 25, 1999

The US Senate votes that the Commanders at Pearl Harbor: Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel and Major General Walter Short be exonerated for their part in the defeat. Kimmel was a creature of habit and lacked imagination to foresee attack possibly happening against Hawaii. Even as word was out that Japan may launch a first strike against the U.S., Kimmel took no extraordinary actions at Pearl Harbor. The reason for this exoneration is that they were deemed to have been denied vital intelligence reports that had been available to the U.S. government in Washington DC.

Battle of Stalingrad

Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. The fighting is going to be terrible known as the War of the Rats because people literally started living in sewers, basements, and cellars of the city because Germans level the town. Soviet Red Army takes the right to the Germans.

Dr. Seuss drew it. The point that the illustrator is trying to make is that it's time to go to work.

Using the image from Google Classroom, who drew it? What point is the illustrator trying to make?

Germany

Using the map on Google Classroom what is the region in brown.

Rhineland

Using the map on Google Classroom, what is the region in pink?

The D Day

The day when a certain military operation started. The most famous of these days is June 6, 1944, when the Allies invaded Normandy. (FDR), June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which "we will accept nothing less than full victory." More than 5,000 ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day's end on June 6, the Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy. These men were tasked to seize the territory by taking cross roads and bridges. Phase 1: from midnight-2 am, an airborne drop in which over 13,000 paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines, and managed to accomplish many objectives. Phase 2: from 1 am to 4 am, an art of deceit in which to distract the enemy, the Allies faked that another invasion was taking place in the most expected region-Pas de Calais. Phase 3: at 3 am, 300 planes dropped 13,000 bombs on German defenses in the landing sector. Phase 4: at 5 am, naval bombardment preceded the invasion. Phase 5 was the invasion. A lot of the people involved were 18-22 year old boys.

Battle Begins

The decision was made for the US to attack the outward edges of German controlled territory and move toward Central Europe. The first American action came in Nov. 1942 with the invasion of North Africa. Gain battle experience against the Germans. Help aid British allies fighting for control of the Suez Canal. Cut Germany off from reaching much needed oil supplies in the Middle East. First battle against German forces: Battle of Kasserine Pass an embarrassing defeat for U.S. forces. However, American and British forces were eventually able to push the Germans out of N. Africa by May 1943. Troops have been fighting for at least 3 years.

Communications

The transmission of data from one device to another. An example is a radio transmitter/receiver 1940.

Japanese Americans

There was an understandable backlash of public hatred against these Americans. FDR signed an internment bill and these people spent the war in prison camps. Most lost all their property and goods. These citizens have no ties to Japan. People will die here, the food is not great, and the medical treatment isn't good. The United States representatives send men to fight in the war. One of the most embarrassing moments in modern history.

Operation Overlord

This invasion is known as this. There were two parts of this invasion. Roosevelt chose Gen. Dwight Eisenhower to command the allied invasion of N. Europe. Allied forces tricked Germans into believing the invasion would land at Pas-de-Calais, France, by staging fake equipment and dummies in that area of England. We created a fake army by literally building fake tanks, fake weapons, etc. June 6, 1944 156,000 Allied troops splashed ashore in Normandy France and 23,000 paratroopers jumped behind enemy lines. American forces land at Utah and Omaha Beach and begin pushing inland. Allied forces punch through German defense, suffering heavy casualties on Omaha Beach. Invasion is a success and marks the beginning of the end for Germany. We take on the two most difficult tasks because it shows America.

Josef Stalin

This person is really interesting. He was kind of crazy, but he was a psychopath. Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communist Party after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928-1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush all opposition. General Sec. of Central Committee. 1922-1952. After Lenin's death in 1924, he and Leon Trotsky fought for control of Soviet leadership. He solidified control by assassinating and exiling any who spoke out against him. After Trotsky's death, this person took over. He is bad for your health if you live in Russia.

Battleship Row

This was a part of the Pearl Harbor naval complex where the Pacific Fleet's battleships were anchored. Japanese fire torpedoes in the water. Four of the seven battleships at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 were sunk.

Preparing For War

Two-Front war would be difficult, but not impossible if the U.S. could mobilize their massive economy. Roosevelt declared a national emergency and announced plans to expand war output as much as possible. Pushed for U.S. factories to build "Two-Ocean" Navy and as many warplanes as could be built (50,000 a year). Mass production ability of auto factories was a major factor in America's victory during the war. On assembly lines, we can make tanks, planes, communication, guns, etc. Auto plants turned out tanks, jeeps, and planes along with rifles, artillery shells, and many other key supplies for war. We're making 50,000 planes a year. By the end of the war the auto industry had produced 1/3 of all military supplies manufactured during the war. The most important reason why we're successful is resources.

Other factors

Type A Ko-Hyoteki Midget submarines. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor with 5 of these. Here one lies beached on the coast of Hawaii after the attack. At least one of these machines had got past US defenses and into the harbor before the attack. One was attacked by a US guard boat outside the harbor before the air attack, yet this did not provoke a general alert. This is puzzling because they were extremely short range and their presence indicated the presence of other, larger forces.

Aftermath

U.S. Losses: 2,403 people killed, 1,178 wounded, 5 battleships, 3 cruisers, 3 destroyers, and 188 planes were destroyed. Japanese Losses: 64 men dead and 1 captured. 29 planes and 4 midget submarines destroyed. We are going to implement a war-time economy. It was shocking to America because it was the first time since 1812 that the United States had been attacked on its own soil (The next occasion would be 9/11-it too led to US involvement in a foreign war). We've been attacked three times over the past 200 years. The United States joined WWII on the side of Britain and against the Tripartite 'Axis' of Japan, Germany, and Italy. Recruiting posters used Pearl Harbor to get men to enlist. Ultimately Japan would be defeated.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. President from 1933-1945. He was an internationalist. He believed that the U.S. should preserve peace in the world if possible. If that meant going to war or selling weapons to other countries, so be it. He disagreed with the Neutrality Act of 1935 and 1937 that put blocks on how the U.S. could sell weapons and supplies to warring nations. "When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread. The community joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of disease. Why is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. There is no escape through more isolation or neutrality." He was different from the presidents 20 years before him.

George Marshall

United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959).

War in Europe

We're going to invade the Germans in Northern Africa because of the Suez Canal, a canal that connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean to the Atlantic Ocean. The Red Sea gives access to the Middle East because there's oil in the Middle East. The Germans were running low on oil.

Food such as wheat, meat, and dairy. Other things include aluminum, steel, copper, and medical supplies. People are encouraged to grow their own food at home.

What are examples of things that are rationed? What are people encouraged to do?

Korea and China

What are modern examples of totalitarianism?

It was a Sunday because it's a day of rest. You have the morning to go to church. The attack is incredibly effective. They think it's a drill. Ships were on fire, and some of them already sank.

What day of the week did the battle took place? What's special about it? What occurs during the attack?

Roosevelt declares war on Japan.

What happens on the day after war?

Dictatorship

What is the most common form of totalitarianism?

The number one target is US Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers, but they were training at another location. Aircrafts become more important because they fly over and drop bombs. The only way to get rid of an old battleship before the airplane is another battleship.

What was the number one target for the Japanese during the attack of Pearl Harbor? Why? Explain.

Japan controls everything in red. Americans want to strike back in the wake of Pearl Harbor. The only way that the United States had was to bomb them. They are gonna train pilots to fly an aircraft.

What's happening according to this map?

A massive battleship located in battleship row.

Where is the USS Arizona located?

Japan, Germany, and Italy

Which countries are we declaring war on?

Germany, Italy, Soviet Union, and Japan

Which four countries had a major shift in political structure?

They're gonna have a hard time getting resources and relying on themselves.

Why are logistics difficult?

They want to try to prevent it from happening again.

Why did the European countries need to create a buffer between two nations?

We wanted a harbor because we can land tanks and troops. Our goal was to invade and make a mad dash towards the capital.

Why did we want a harbor?

You are supposed to be reachable. Fourth question, weird and suspectable.

Why was General Marshall 'out of touch' with his command?

The United States would do something like this because there is no way to attack Pearl Harbor. Diplomats broke up a couple of days before Pearl Harbor.

Why would the United States attack the Japanese?

Women and Minorities Go to Work

With so few white men available for factory jobs, employers were forced to recruit women and minorities. These women were more diligent than men because they were more focused on facts and details. Many believed married women shouldn't work in jobs traditionally held by men, but the war forced industrial jobs to hire married women in the highest numbers ever seen. The character "Rosie the Riveter" was used as propaganda to encourage women to participate in the war effort. Gov. hired 4 mil. women for clerical jobs/2.5 mil. women would go to work in factories and manufacturing. Many women left their jobs after the war, but their success forever changed America's attitude about women in the workplace. African Americans were left out of the hiring boom, and demanded the chance for high paying industrial jobs. Roosevelt was forced to sign an Executive Order in 1941 that declared discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries based on race, creed, color, or national origin illegal. African Americans left the South in huge numbers to work in Northern factories. This migration led to racial violence and intolerance. The Detroit Race Riot of June 20, 1943 left 25 AA's and 9 whites dead. Groups of people going through beating African American severely may cause death.

Building the Army

With the real threat of German violence in Europe, Roosevelt called for a peacetime draft that was approved in 1940. Drafts weren't popular at the time. Hundreds of thousands volunteered and more were drafted to serve over the 4 years of the war. With the large number of new recruits many Army training camps were overwhelmed, forcing recruits to sleep in tents, train with rocks instead of grenades, and use painted broomsticks as rifles. African Americans were also heavily recruited, and pushed for a larger combat role during the war. African Americans still fought in segregated units, but they distinguished themselves numerous times during the war. Women allowed to enlist in the military beginning in 1942. Groups like the Women's Army Corps (WAC) and Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) were created to utilize female recruits for several vital war jobs. 400,000 women would eventually serve in the war effort. 68,000 women served as nurses in Army and Navy. 16 American women receive the Purple Heart for being injured in combat. More than 400 military women lost their lives during the war.